• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-9
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• 1982

From the leaves of Polygonum sachalinense Fr. Schm.(Polygonaceae) physcion(I) mp $205{\sim}6^{\circ}$, emodin(II) mp $248{\sim}50^{\circ}$, $physcion-8-0-{\beta}-glucoside(III)$ mp $245{\sim}6^{\circ}$, and $emodin-8-0-{\beta}-glucoside(IV)$ mp $186{\sim}8^{\circ}$ were isolated.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.115-116
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• 1992

From the bulbs of Erythronium japonicum Decaisne(Liliaceae), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ and its $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ together with fatty acids were isolated. All compounds were identified on the basis of spectral data. Campesterol and stigmasterol were also identified as minor components. Paimitic acid was identified as a major component and stearic, oleic, arachidic, behenic, tricosanoic and lignoceric acids were also characterized as minor ones.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1983

The rhizome of Polygonum sachalinense Fr. Schm. (=Reynoutria sachalinensis Nakai, Polygonaceae) has been used as "Polygoni Rhizoma" (Hu Zhang) in the Orient as laxatives, diuretics and for treatment of suppurative dermatitis, gonorrhoea, favus and athlete's foot. From the methanolic extract of the dried rhizome physcion, emodin, emodin-8-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside as anthraquinone derivatives and .betha.-sitosterol glucoside were isolated and identified. Stilbene derivatives which have antibacterial and antifungal activities were also isolated.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-41
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• 1989

From the stem of Cudrania tricuspidata, ${\beta}$-sitosterol, ${\beta}$-sitosterol glucoside, arthocarpesin, norarthocarpetin, and 5-O-methyl genistein were isolated and characterized by spectral data.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.137-143
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• 1998

Glycosides were synthesized using transglycosylation reaction of amylase in water system. The glycosides synthesized in water phase by a-amylase with starch as a glycosyl donor and benzylalcohol as an acceptor were identified as benzylalcohol-${\alpha}$-glucoside (BG) and benzylalcohol-${\alpha}$-maltoside (BM) of which one molecule of benzylalcohol was bound to 1-OH of glucose. The final products were BG in reaction system of pH 5.0, and BM in that of pH 8.0. The transglycosylation reaction by ${\alpha}$-amylase were carried out in water system containing 50 mg starch, 50 mg benzylalcohol, and 10 units enzyme at $30-35^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. The synthesized BG was hydrolyzed to glucose and benzylalcohol by ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, while ${\alpha}$-amylase hydrolyzed BM to glucose and benzylalcohol-${\alpha}$-glucoside in pH 5.0. Maltotriose resemble structurally to BM was rapidly hydrolyzed to glucose and maltose by ${\alpha}$-amylase at pH 5.0, being slightly hydrolyzed at pH 8.0, but not transglycosylated in present of benzylalcohol.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.3 s.150
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• pp.277-280
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• 2007

In our continuing effort to investigate compounds having anti-inflammatory activity from natural products, Ailanthus altissima was examined. Among six compounds isolated from Ailanthus altissima, Luteolin-7-O-glucoside (L7G) along with ethanol extract of Ailnathus altissima (EAa) were chosen to determine their inhibitory activity on secretory recombinant phospholipase $A_2s$ enzyme activity in vitro. As a results, EAa inhibited human recombinant $sPLA_2-V$ ($IC_{50}$ of about 100 ${\mu}g/ml$) and $cPLA_2$, ($IC_{50}$ of about 59 ${\mu}g/ml$), while L7G showed strong inhibitory effect on $sPLA_2-A$, V and $cPLA_2$ with an $IC_{50}$ value of approximately 40 ${\mu}M$, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.689-696
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• 2018

Increasing evidence implicates changes in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and oxidative stress as causative factors in amyloid beta ($A{\beta}$)-induced neuronal cell death. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a component of anthocyanin, has been reported to protect against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death by inhibiting $Ca^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ signaling. The present study aimed to determine whether C3G exerts a protective effect against $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced neuronal cell death in cultured rat hippocampal neurons from embryonic day 17 fetal Sprague-Dawley rats using MTT assay for cell survival, and caspase-3 assay and digital imaging methods for $Ca^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, MMP and ROS. Treatment with $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ ($20{\mu}M$) for 48 h induced neuronal cell death in cultured rat pure hippocampal neurons. Treatment with C3G for 48 h significantly increased cell survival. Pretreatment with C3G for 30 min significantly inhibited $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced $[Zn^{2+}]_i$ increases as well as $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increases in the cultured rat hippocampal neurons. C3G also significantly inhibited $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced mitochondrial depolarization. C3G also blocked the $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced formation of ROS. In addition, C3G significantly inhibited the $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced activation of caspase-3. These results suggest that cyanidin-3-glucoside protects against amyloid ${\beta}$-induced neuronal cell death by reducing multiple apoptotic signals.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 1978

The Fe complex formation of cyanidin-3-glucoside in acetate buffer solution $(pH1.7{\sim}6.0)$ was investigated spectrophotometically. Two different complexes were formed from cyanidin-3-glucoside and $Fe^{3+}$, which had the absorption maximum at 543nm in the pH range $3.0{\sim}4.0$ and at 570nm in the pH range $5.0{\sim}6.0$ respectively. The molar ratio of the complex formed in the lower pH range was appeared to be 1 : 1, whereas that of the complex formed in the upper pH range was not able to be determined definitely. Among several organic acids examined, citric acid has shown the marked inhibitory effect on the Fe-anthocyanin complex formation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2010

To develop a low-ethanol strawberry wine, the use of pectinase to improve the extraction yield of strawberry juice was investigated, and changes in physicochemical characteristics during ethanolic fermentation were assessed. The juice yield from strawberry fruit increased by 18.9% after Viscozyme L treatment (1,000 ppm, 30 min), compared with a control group, a greater increase than seen with other pectinases (17.5-18.7%). No significant quality differences were observed between control juice and juice prepared with enzyme treatment, indicating that neither physicochemical characteristics nor ethanol content during fermentation were affected by pectinase treatment. The major pigments of strawberry juice were cyanidin-3-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-glucoside, both of which are anthocyanins. The pigment level after enzyme treatment was slightly lower than that of the control group, at all fermentation times. We consider that the economics of strawberry wine manufacture may be increased by use of pectinase because juice level was increased, but no change in ethanol content or physicochemical characteristics was apparent.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.406-414
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• 2004

Resveratrol, which is both a phytoalexin with antifungal activity and a phytochemical associated with reduced cancer risk and reduced cardiovascular disease, is synthesized in a limited number of plant species including peanut. Resveratrol synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme stilbene synthase including resveratrol synthase (RS). Resveratrol synthase gene (RS3) obtained from peanut, Arachis hypogaea, Fabaceae has been transferred into chinese foxglove, Rehmannia glutinosa by using Agrobacterium mediated transformation. RS t-DNA introduced to chinese foxglove (R. glutinosa L) by transformation and its reaction product, $resveratrol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ was isolated and characterized using HPLC. Also its biological effects was tested in inhibition of the lipid peroxidation of mouse LDL by glycosylated stilbenes derivatives obtained from transgenic plants. $Resveratrol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ isolated from transgenic R. glutinosa L. showed antimicrobial activity of the growth inhibition zone against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Therefore, this compound can be contributed to be useful as a phytoalexin for plant health as well as a phytochemical for human health.