• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.94-100
• /
• 2012

Guava ($Psidium$ $guajava$) contain a great deal of polyphenol compound and work on the treatment of $Diabetes$ $mellitus$ effectively. In this study, the bioactivities of aqueous extract (GLEx) of guava leaf were investigated. Total phenolic contents of GLEx was 266.9 mg tan/g. The effects of GLEx on digestive enzymes, ${\alpha}$-amylase, maltase and sucrase were investigated. $IC_{50}$ values of GLEx against ${\alpha}$-amylase, maltase and sucrase were 0.65 mg/$m{\ell}$, 2.0 mg/$m{\ell}$ and 3.5 mg/$m{\ell}$ respectively. The effect of GLEx on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in normal ICR mouse, control (dstilled water) and GLEx (aqueous extract of Guava leaf) were co-administered orally with glucose, showed reducing effect on the blood glucose level. The guava is likely to useful for prevention or improvement of hyperglycemia by lowering the blood glucose level and inhibiting glycoside hydrolase activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.300-305
• /
• 1991

To investigate possible effects of buckwheat on blood glucose level and blood pressure, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups and fed either AIN-76 diet or modified AIN-76 diet with buckwheat flour for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment, determinations of blood pressure and blood glucose level(glucose tolerance test) were performed. In order to determine insulin levels in both fasted and glucose loaded serum, the animals in both groups were subdivided into two groups. Blood pressure was slightly decreased in the group fed buckwheat( 6mmHg) but not significantly. Glucose tolerance curve of the animal fed buckwheat flour showed clearly different pattern from that of the control group with decreasing tendency. Mobilization of serum insulin was 1.5 times faster in buckwheat group than in control group 1 hour after glucose loading. Further research is needed to find what substance(s) in buckwheat do this role.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.308-314
• /
• 2011

In the present study, we investigate anti-diabetic effect of pectinase-processed ginseng radix (GINST) in high fat diet-fed ICR mice. The ICR mice were divided into three groups: regular diet group, high fat diet control group (HFD), and GINSTtreated group. To induce hyperglycemia, mice were fed a high fat diet for 10 weeks, and mice were administered with 300 mg/kg of GINST once a day for 5 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test revealed that GINST improved glucose tolerance after glucose challenge. Compared to the HFD control group, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were decreased by 57.8% (p<0.05) and 30.9% (p<0.01) in GINST-treated group, respectively. With decreased plasma glucose and insulin levels, the insulin resistance index of the GINST-treated group was reduced by 68.1% (p<0.01) compared to the HFD control group. Pancreas of GINST-treated mice preserved a morphological integrity of islets and consequently having more insulin contents. In addition, GINST up-regulated the levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its target molecule, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein expression in the skeletal muscle. Our results suggest that GINST ameliorates a hyperglycemia through activation of AMPK/GLUT4 signaling pathway, and has a therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2017

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of Bangkibokryeong-tang (BBT, Fangjifuling-tang) on blood glucose and body fat in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Methods The experimental animals were divided into five groups- normal diet-fed control (ND), high-fat diet-fed control (HFD), HFD+BBT 75, HFD+BBT 150, and HFD+olistat as a positive drug control group. Markers of obesity, such as body weight, organ weight, diet efficiency, and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid content, leptin, adiponectin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)/glutamic pyruvic transferase (GPT)/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood glucose, and insulin, were measured. Furthermore, results of the oral glucose tolerance test and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibition activity were examined in obese mice. Results Mice treated with BBT demonstrate lower body and organ weight, and reduced weight gain and food efficiency than that in the HFD-only control group. In addition, BBT decreased lipid accumulation in the liver and the levels of enzymes such as GOT, GPT, and LDH in the serum. Furthermore, the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and leptin were decreased in the serum but the levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and adiponectin were increased in the BBT-treated group compared with the control group. The BBT-treated group also demonstrated decreased blood glucose and insulin concentrations induced by feeding on a high-fat diet and improved glucose tolerance. Conclusions Based on the results above, BBT may reduce body fat and hyperglycemia in HFD-induced obesity. This suggests that BBT may be clinically useful in the treatment of obesity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.220-225
• /
• 2012

To develop a ginseng product possessing an efficacy for diabetes, ginseng radix ethanol extract was treated with pectinase and obtained the GINST. In the present study, we evaluate the beneficial effect of GINST on high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and action mechanism(s) in ICR mice. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: regular diet group (RD), high fat diet group (HFD), HFD plus GINST at 75 mg/kg (GINST75), 150 mg/kg (GINST150), and 300 mg/kg (GINST300). Oral glucose tolerance test reveals that GINST improves the glucose tolerance after glucose challenge. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were decreased by 4.3% and 4.2% in GINST75, 10.9% and 20.0% in GINST150, and 19.6% and 20.9% in GINST300 compared to those in HFD control group. Insulin resistance indices were also markedly decreased by 8.2% in GINST75, 28.7% in GINST150, and 36.4% in GINST300, compared to the HFD control group. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid levels in the GINST300 group were decreased by 13.5%, 22.7% and 24.1%, respectively, compared to those in HFD control group. Enlarged adipocytes of HFD control group were markedly decreased in GINST-treated groups, and shrunken islets of HFD control mice were brought back to near normal shape in GINST300 group. Furthermore, GINST enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). In summary, GINST prevents HFD-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia through reducing insulin resistance via activating AMPK-GLUT4 pathways, and could be a potential therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 2009

This study investigated the effect of Corni Fructus (Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.) extract on blood glucose and insulin resistance in db/db mice. Seven weeks old male mice were divided into normal control group (NC), diabetic control group (DC) and Corni Fructus treated diabetic group (DCF). Over an 8-week experimental period, Corni Fructus extract was administered orally at 500 mg/kg BW/day. Corni Fructus inhibited increase in blood glucose level during the OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test). At 8 weeks after beginning of the experiment, blood glucose level in the DCF group was significantly lower (p<0.01) than the DC group. Final fasting serum glucose and triglyceride in the DCF group were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the DC group by 32% and 41% respectively. Serum insulin did not differ among the NC, DC and DCF groups. The mRNA expression of adiponectin, GLUT 4 and PPAR-$\gamma$ in adipose tissue in the DC group were significantly lower than the NC group and they were higher in the DCF group than the DC group by 76%, 130% (p<0.05) and 43%, respectively. In conclusion, these results indicated that Corni Fructus would have antidiabetic effects via improving insulin resistance in favor of higher glucose utilization and reducing blood glucose level in db/db mice.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of the rice germ oil compared with soy bean oil on blood glucose level of non-insulin dependent diabetic mice. Forty diabetic KK mice were fed two kinds of experimental diets with 20% lipid from soy bean oil as a control(CO) and rice germ oil(RG) for 8 weeks, respectively. Diet intake, body weight, organs weights and lipids levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was no significant difference in food and water intake, body weight gain and organs weights between experimental groups. The concentrations of fasting and random blood glucose were similar between CO and RG groups. There was no significant difference in blood glucose levels after glucose treatment during the glucose tolerance test between two groups. The levels of $HbA_{1c}$ as the index of blood glucose status, and insulin were similar in two groups. These results suggested that rice germ oil can't reduce blood glucose concentration of non-insulin dependent diabetic mice compared with soybean oil. But we need to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of rice germ oil by changing supplementary level and period.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.295-303
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of three different levels of xylobiose containing sucrose on glycemic indices based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and blood glucose response in healthy adults. Methods: Healthy adults (six male and five female participants, n = 11) underwent 14~16 hr of fasting. Subsequently, all participants took 50 g of available carbohydrates from glucose, sucrose containing 7% xylobiose (XB 7), sucrose containing 10% xylobiose (XB 10), or sucrose containing 14% xylobiose (XB 14) every week on the same day for 8 weeks. Finger prick blood was taken before and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after starting to eat. Results: We observed reduction of the glycemic response to sucrose containing xylobiose. The glycemic indices of XB 7, XB 10, and XB 14 were 57.0, 53.6, and 49.7, respectively. The GI values of XB 7 were similar to those of foods with medium GI, and the GI values of XB 10 and XB 14 were similar to those of foods with low GI. The postprandial maximum blood glucose rise (Cmax) of XB 14 was the lowest among the test foods. XB 7, XB 10, and XB 14 showed significantly lower areas under the glucose curve (AUC) for 0~30 min, 0~60 min, 0~90 min and 0~120 min compared to glucose. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that sucrose containing xylobiose has an acute suppressive effect on GI and postprandial maximum blood glucose rise. In addition, levels of xylobiose in sugar may allow more precise assessment of carbohydrate tolerance despite lower glycemic responses in a dose-dependent manner.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2010

Tae-Um-Jo-wee-Tang (TUJWT) and Do-Dam-Tang (DDT) have been used as an anti-obesity herbal medicine but their effect and mechanism of action have not been studied. We investigated the effects of TUJWT and DDT on energy and glucose homeostasis using Sprague Dawley female rats with diet-induced obesity. The mechanisms of action of TUJWT and DDT were studied whether they had anti-obesity effects. Rats fed a high-fat diet were divided into 3 groups: rats in each group received 2 g water extracts of modified TUJWT and DDT, or 2 g cellulose per kg body weight (a negative control) on a daily basis. A further group was fed a low-fat diet as a positive control. We found that DDT significantly decreased body weight and body fat (mesenteric fat and retroperitoneal fat) more than the control. This decrease was due to the reduction in energy intake but no changes of energy expenditure. However, DDT increased fat oxidation as a major energy source than the control. In addition, modified TUJWT and DDT improved glucose tolerance without changing serum insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test. In conclusion, DDT have a better anti-obesity effect than TUJWT by decreasing energy intake in female rats with diet-induced obesity. It also improves glucose tolerance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.804-812
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of exercise training on neurodegeneration and cognitive function in mice with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the control (CO, n = 9) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 27) groups. The IGT group consumed 45% high fat diet for 4 weeks and received 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin twice in the lower abdomen to induce IGT. After the IGT induction period, the IGT group was subdivided into IGT + sedentary (IGT, n = 9), IGT + endurance exercise (IGTE, n = 9), and IGT + resistance exercise (IGTR, n = 9). The IGTE and IGTR groups performed treadmill and ladder climbing exercises 5 times per week for 8 weeks, respectively. Fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were significantly higher in IGT group than in CO, IGTE, and IGTR groups (p < 0.05). HOMA-IR was significantly higher in IGT group than CO group (p < 0.05). Hippocampal catalase (CAT) was significantly lower in IGT group than in CO group (p < 0.05), while beta-amyloid ($A{\beta}$) was significantly higher in IGT group than in CO group (p < 0.05). Hippocampal tau was significantly higher in IGT group than in CO, IGTE, and IGTR groups (p < 0.05). The Y-maze test performance for cognitive function was significantly lower in IGT group than in CO, IGTE, and IGTR groups (p <0.05). These results suggest that IGT induces neurodegeneration and negatively affects cognitive function, while regular exercise may be effective in alleviating neurodegeneration and cognitive decline regardless of exercise type.