• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1330-1336
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the motor activity and glucose transport and metabolism of Gaewool-Whadam-Jian(GWJ) in rat gastro-intestinal tract. The motor activity of the rat gastro-intestinal tract has been investigated by means of measuring barium sulfate passage degrees. Atropine treatment significantly delayed barium sulfate transit, and GWJ pretreatment increased intestinal motor activity, but not significant. GWJ administration showed no toxicity to kidney and liver. Transport and metabolism of glucose were studied in everted sac of rat small intestine with incubation under several conditions. The transport and metabolism of glucose were greater at jejunum than ileum. So, everted jejunum of rat were used to study the effect of GWJ. When GWJ were treated, the concentration of glucose were higher than untreated group. This result was thought to be influenced by the glucose in GWJ. When 2, 4 dinitrophenol and phlorizin were treated, the transport and metabolism of glucose were decreased, but GWJ treated together, the concentration of glucose in serosal solution increased. Gastric juice secretion and total acidity significantly decreased by administration of GWJ through duodenum region. The mechanism of effect of GWJ was still unidentified, Dut through continuous investigation, the effect of GWJ should be investigated.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.834-837
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• 2002

A fluorescent glucose analogue,2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-ox a-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino] -2- deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG), which had previously been developed for the analysis of glucose uptake in living cells, was investigated to determine its biological activity on microorganisms.2-NBDG did not show any inhibitory effect on growth of yeast cells and bacteria. In contrast, 2-NBDG exhibited strong inhibitory effects on filamentous fungal growth. The growth of filamentous fungi was completely inhibited, when 2-NBDG was supplemented as sole carbon source. The inhibitory effect was decreased by the addition of glucose in the test medium. Furthermore, 2-NBDC inhibited chitinase activity of Trichoderma sp. These results suggested that the inhibitory effects of 2-NBDG on filamentous fungi might be partially due to the inhibition of chitinase.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

Dysfunction of endothelial cells is considered a major cause of vascular complications in diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of Padina arborescens extract against high glucose-induced oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). High-concentration of glucose (30 mM) treatment induced cytotoxicity whereas Padina arborescens extract protected the cells from high glucose-induced damage and significantly restored cell viability. In addition, lipid peroxidation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) levels induced by high glucose treatment were effectively inhibited by treatment of Padina arborescens extract in a dose-dependent manner. High glucose treatment also induced the overexpressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2) and NF-${\kappa}B$ proteins in HUVECs, but Padina arborescens extract treatment reduced the over-expressions of these proteins. These findings indicate the potential benefits of Padina arborescens extract as a valuable source in reducing the oxidative damage induced by high glucose.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2013

The protective effect of Polyopes lancifolia extract on high glucose-induced oxidative stress was investigated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). High concentration of glucose (30 mM) treatment induced HUVECs cell death, but Polyopes lancifolia extract, at concentrations of 25, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$, protected cells from high glucose-induced damage. Furthermore, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide levels increased by high glucose treatment were effectively decreased by treatment with Polyopes lancifolia extract in a dose-dependent manner. Also, Polyopes lancifolia extract treatment reduced the overexpressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear factor-kappa B proteins activation that was induced by high glucose in HUVECs. These results indicate that Polyopes lancifolia extract is a potential therapeutic material that will reduce the damage caused by high glucose-induced-oxidative stress associated with diabetes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2011

Inhibition of intestinal glucose uptake is beneficial in reducing the blood glucose level for diabetes. To search for an effective intestinal glucose uptake inhibitor from natural sources, 70 native edible plants, fruits and vegetables were screened using Caco-2 cells and fluorescent D-glucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG). A compound that was able to inhibit glucose uptake was isolated from methanol extract of Punica granatum L. and called PG-1a. PG-1a appears to be a phthalic acid-diisononyl ester- like compound (PDE) with molecular weight of 418. The inhibitory effect of PG-1a on intestinal glucose uptake was dose-dependent with 89% inhibition at $100\;{\mu}g$/mL. Furthermore, the intestinal glucose uptake inhibitory effect of PG-1a was 1.2-fold higher than phlorizin, a well known glucose uptake inhibitor. This study suggests that PG-1a could play a role in controlling the dietary glucose absorption, and that PG-1a can effectively improve the diabetic condition, and may be used as an optional therapeutic and preventive agent.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2005

Soy and soy foods are a rich source of isoflavones, which possess several biological activities. The effect of soy isoflavones, genistin and diadzin and their respective aglycones, on glucose uptake in adipocytes isolated from normal or high-fat fed rats was examined. As expected, insulin stimulated glucose uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. However, genistin and daidzin and their aglycones inhibited glucose uptake in a concentration-dependent (25-100μM) manner. In a time-course response, the aglycones significantly inhibited glucose uptake throughout 3 hr (after 30, 60, 120, 180 min), whereas the glycones only significantly inhibited the glucose uptake after 120 min and 180 min in the isolated rat adipocytes. Thus, the glucosides of genistein and daidzein, i.e. genistin and daidzin, were much less effective in inhibiting glucose uptake than their aglycones. In addition, genistin and daidzin did not significantly affect the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, whereas genistein and daidzein did significantly inhibited glucose uptake compared to the vehicle control group by 47.5% and 24.8%, respectively (p < 0.05). The isoflavones also significantly inhibited glucose uptake in adipocytes isolated from rats fed a high-fat diet (50% of total calorie intake) when compared to the vehicle control. Finally, the isoflavones were found to enhance lipolysis in adipocytes isolated from high-fat fed rats, where the glycerol released by the aglycones was also higher than that released by the glycones. The current results showed that the inhibitory effect of daidzein on glucose uptake was very similar to that of genistein. The aglycones were more potent in inhibiting the uptake of glucose and a more potent stimulator of lypolysis than the glycones in adipocytes isolated from high-fat fed rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1690-1694
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• 2003

The large and rapid changes of glucose utilization in lactating mammary tissue in response to changes in nutritional state must be largely related by external signal of insulin. This also must be related with the quantity and composition of the diet in vivo. To characterize the mode of growth factors and gut regulatory peptides with insulin, in vitro experiment was conducted with HC11 cells. All the growth factor alone and the combinations of growth factors significantly (p<0.05) increased in glucose uptake. Insulin, EGF and IGF-1 exhibited a stimulation of glucose uptake for at least 24 h. Furthermore, the highest (p<0.05) synergistic effect was shown in EGF plus IGF-1 and the second synergistic effect in insulin plus EGF while no synergistic effect was found between insulin and IGF-1. However, the gut regulatory peptides neither potentiated nor inhibited the action of insulin on glucose uptake. Although growth factors did not modulates glucose uptake via increasing the rate of translation of the GLUT1 protein, RT-PCR analysis indicated that the growth factors significantly (p<0.05) increased the expression of GLUT1. The growth factors are therefore shown to be capable of modulating glucose uptake by transcription level with insulin in HC 11 cells.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2000

Effects of Rhizoma gastrodiae on glucose oxidase-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in cultured newborn mouse spinal dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons that were treated in the media with or without glucose oxidase. In addition, the protective effect of Rhizoma gastrodiae extract against glucose oxidase-induced neurotoxicity was examined. Cytotoxic values were expressed as a percentage of number of living cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In this paper, exposure of neurons to glucose oxidase resulted in a significant call death in a dose- and time-dependent manners in DRG neuron cultures. The decrease in cell viability induced by the glucose oxidase was blocked by Rhizoma gastrodiae extract. These results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of Rhizoma gastrodiae extract against glucose oxidase-induced neurotoxicity may result from a prevention or attenuation of oxidative damage induced by glucose oxidase.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.79-79
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• 2003

Recently diabetes has been found to be associated with metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. In the present study, attempts have been made-to explore the effect of high glucose in bone formation. Osteoblast-like UMR 106 cells were treated with high glucose (22mM, 33mM, 44mM) for 1 or 2 days. High glucose significantly inhibited proliferation of UMR106 cells in a time- and dose- dependent manner as evidenced by MTT assay. For the evaluation of collagen synthesis, UMR 106 cells were cultured in high glucose media (44mM) for 24 h and the ratio of collagen content to total protein was measured. In addition, gene expression pattern of type I collagen was assessed by RT-PCR. The high concentration of glucose inhibited a collagen synthesis, a marker of bone formation activity. JNK, c- Jun N-terminal Kinase, is known to play an important role in stress-associated cell death. In this regard, we tested to determine whether high glucose has any effect on JNK activity. It has been found that treatment of high glucose induced phosphorylation of JNK. On the other hand, ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by high glucose in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, Therefore these results indicate that inhibition of proliferation in UMR 106 cells following high glucose is related to JNK/ERK containing signal pathways. This study showed high glucose concentration could alter the bone metabolism leading to defective bone formation, suggesting that high glucose due to diabetes may playa significant role in the development of metabolic bone disease.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 1998

This study designed to investigate the blood glusose lowering effect of sericultural products using allozan-induced byperglycemic mice. The administration of sericultural products did not affect body weight between normal mice and alloxan induced hyperglycemic mice. High blood glucose level in alloxan-induced mice group was maintained, during all the experimental period. In the 2-3 weeks, a significant decrease in the blood glucose level was observed in the group treated with sericultural products. Up to 5 weeks, blood glucose level of those group was maintained. Sericultural products treatment group have an activity for glucose tolerance test. Sericultural products showed the blood glucose lowering acivity for loading maltose and sucrose.