• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1375-1383
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• 1994

관수로시스템 문제는 수리학적 및 시스템운영 제약조건아래서 시스템의 전체비용을 최소비용으로 구하는 것이다. 관수로시스템 문제는 수많은 국지해(local minimum)을 갖는 비볼록(nonconvex) 이므로 종래의 최적화 기법은 임의의 국지해만을 구할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 좀더 나은 국지해를 구하기 위해 외부탐사 및 내부최적화 단계 즉 2 단계 분해기법을 제안하였다. 외부탐사 단계에서는 관로들의 최적유량을 찾기 위해 여러 국지해 사이를 이동하면서 좀더 나은 국지해를 찾는 방법인 추계학적탐사방법(stochastic probing method)을 이용 하였고 내부최적화 단계(local minimizer)에서는 외부탐사 단계에서 구한 국지해를 증진시킨다. 이 제안한 방법은 신설 관수로시스템 설계와 기존 관수로시스템의 확장에 적용할 수 있으며, 제안한 방법의 효율성을 검증하기 위해 어느 관수로시스템을 표본으로 채택하여 제안한 방법을 적용한 결과 먼저 발표된 연구자들의 결과보다 적은 비용으로 설계할 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.5959-5963
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• 2012

Background: The term 'hardcore' has been applied to use of smoking tobacco and generally referred to as the inability or unwillingness of regular smokers to quit. The component constructs of hardcore except nicotine dependence are product neutral. With the use of 'time to first chew' as a measure of nicotine dependence, hardcore definition can be extended to characterize smokeless tobacco users. Hardcore users respond less to tobacco cessation interventions, and are prone to tobacco induced diseases including cancer. Thus identifying hardcore users would help in estimate the burden of high risk population for tobacco induced diseases. Smokeless tobacco use is predominant and accounts for more than 50% of oral cancer in India. Hence, hardcore chewing information could be used for planning of tobacco and cancer control interventions. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of hardcore smokeless tobacco use in India. Materials and Methods: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)-India 2010 data were analyzed to quantify hardcore smokeless tobacco use in India with following five criteria: (1) current daily smokeless tobacco use; (2) no quit attempt in the past 12 months of survey or last quit attempt of less than 24 hours duration; (3) no intention to quit in next 12 months or not interested in quitting; (4) time to first use of smokeless tobacco product within 30 minutes of waking up; and (5) knowledge of smokeless tobacco hazards. Results: The number of hardcore smokeless tobacco users among adult Indians is estimated to be 5% (39.5 million). This group comprises 23.2% of daily smokeless tobacco users. The population prevalence varied from 1.4-9.1% across different national regions of India. Logistic regression modeling indicated age, education and employment status to be the major predictors of hardcore smokeless tobacco use in India. Conclusions: The presence of a huge number (39.5 million) of hardcore smokeless tobacco users is a challenge to tobacco control and cancer prevention in India. There is an unmet need for a universal tobacco cessation programme and intensification of anti-tobacco education in communities.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2004

An effective methodology is reported for determining the optimal lot size of batch processing and storage networks which include uncertain demand forecasting. We assume that any given storage unit can store one material type which can be purchased from suppliers, internally produced, infernally consumed, transported to or from other sites and/or sold to customers. We further assume that a storage unit is connected to all processing and transportation stages that consume/produce or move the material to which that storage unit is dedicated. Each processing stage transforms a set of feedstock materials or intermediates into a set of products with constant conversion factors. A batch transportation process can transfer one material or multiple materials at once between sites. The objective for optimization is to minimize the probability averaged total cost composed of raw material procurement, processing setup, transportation setup and inventory holding costs as well as the capital costs of processing stages and storage units. A novel production and inventory analysis formulation, the PSW(Periodic Square Wave) model, provides useful expressions for the upper/lower bounds and average level of the storage inventory. The expressions for the Kuhn-Tucker conditions of the optimization problem can be reduced to two sub-problems. The first yields analytical solutions for determining lot sires while the second is a separable concave minimization network flow subproblem whose solution yields the average material flow rates through the networks for the given demand forecast scenario. The result of this study will contribute to the optimal design and operation of the global supply chain.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2015

최근 다양한 불특정 다수의 해킹 및 반복되는 DDoS 사이버테러 공격을 이해하고, 그 해결책을 비로소 공격 기법에서 찾을 수 있었다. 공격자와 방어자, 공격 기법과 방어 기법의 접목이라는 자유로운 연구 방식은 항상 엉뚱함에서 가능성을 발견해가는 도전이라 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 "KWON-GA"라는 세계적인 화이트 해커들 개발진이 오랜 경험의 침투 및 진단을 통해, 공격이 최상의 방어라는 미명하에 방어의 목적으로 구현된 지식 정보 보안 솔루션을 고객이 운용 중인 시스템 환경에 맞추어 필요한 기술을 적용하는 커스터마이징 정책으로 맞춤 솔루션을 제공할 수 있으며, 독창적인 원천기술로 처리되어 탐색이 불가능하고 내부적으로 유출되는 경우에도 분석이 되지 않아 해커에게 분석되어 취약점을 노출하거나 해킹의 수단으로 악용되지 않는 ITC융합 보안 솔루션을 시험평가 하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제35C권6호
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• pp.56-66
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• 1998

본 논문은 비최소 위상 시스템을 보다 효율적으로 제어하기 위하여 기존의 PID 타입의 선형 제어기와 병렬적으로 구성된 신경망 제어기의 구성에 대하여 다룬다. 제안된 제어기의 제어 목표는 비최소 위상 시스템의 제어의 경우 흔히 나타나는 언더슛 현상을 최소화하면서 설정된 시스템 응답과의 응답 오차가 최소화하는 것이다. 전체 비용 함수는 고려된 두 가지의 개별 목적 함수간의 선형 합으로 이루어 진다. 신경망 제어기는 주어진 전체 제어 시간 동안의 제어 성능을 광역 평가를 통하여 주어진 전체 비용 함수를 최소화하는 최적 제어기를 구성하도록 진화 프로그래밍을 이용하여 off-line으로 학습된다. 일반적인 컴퓨터 모의 실험으로 계단 신호 응답에서 나타나는 빠른 settling 시간, 작은 언더슛과 오버슛과 같은 제어 성능 향상의 관점에서 기존의 선형 제어 시스템의 성능에 비해 훨씬 효과적이라는 것을 보인다. 또한, 파렛토(pareto) 다중 최적화 개념을 도입하여 선형 합으로 이루어진 비용 함수 최적화의 한계성과 문제점을 극복한다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.183-206
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• 2005

Nowadays, the whole world is putting in the knowledge information society by the internet which is connecting the global network. The internet enable us to see the life of the other people in real time. Most of health care professional obtain and update their new knowledge and skills through continuing education. EMTs who works five or ten shifts per day are not easy to attend continuing education session usually offered during their off-times. One of solutions to this problem would be to develop a education program which does not limit time and place. There has been increasing interest in the use of computers in medical education, but all designated facilities and teachers have no sufficient preparations for the education and training of EMT. There has been less attention to the rationale for the use and selection of applications. This article discusses an approach to the selection of medical informatics applications for the undergraduate medical curriculum. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a web-based continuing education program, to help EMT improve their knowledge of transfusion therapy and medical law, and to enhance their ability to contribute to the quality of patient care. The program generally was well received by EMTs. The program is a useful adjunct to the existing continuing education program. It also could be used in EMT student education and other health sciences.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2020

Purpose - This study examined the relationship between individual creativity and its related variables to observe how individual creativity contributes to organizational performance. In addition, this study strived to explore how to maximize the utilization of individual creativity and innovate the structure of the organization itself so that teams and organizations can respond more effectively to new rising trends. this study aimed to examine whether the value congruence between individuals and organizations (propensity congruence, goal congruence has a significant impact on knowledge sharing and innovation behavior as dependent variables by exerting individual creativity and synergy as independent variables. Research design, data and methodology - SPSS 24.0 program were used to analyze the data. Descriptive Statistics and correlation analysis were performed, and the reliability factor (Cronbach's α) was calculated. Afterwards, we analyzed the moderating effects of structural equation model analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The number of samples used in the study were 309 copies. Results - First, Individual creativity had a positive effect on knowledge sharing and innovative behavior. In other words, it was confirmed that decision-making processes fused with individual creativity could create an atmosphere of knowledge sharing and transform the organization. Second, value congruence adjusted the influence of individual creativity on knowledge sharing and innovation behavior. Conclusions - First, it is important for managers to recognize the value and secure the pool of creative talents who will be a potential future basic source of organizational success and competitive advantage. Second, managers should be able to identify those with creative talents and expertise, and use them to increase their knowledge sharing performance, while also developing emotional and motivational creativity. Third, in order improve knowledge sharing performance, managers should pay attention to the emotional aspect of creativity. Fourth, managers should strive to create an environment that is beneficial for the reinforcement of individual self-management capabilities. Fifth, managers should be able to develop decision-making processes to develop potential creativity and encourage creative thinking, opinions, or solutions. Sixth, managers should promote the dissemination and integration of new knowledge based on the creative views and attitudes of team members.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.13-35
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• 2006

국가안보와 산업경쟁력 강화를 동시에 향상시킬 수 있는 민 군겸용기술사업은 효율성 부족과 추진실적 저조로 새로운 개선방안이 필요한 시점이다. 본 연구에서는 그 원인을 선진국과 비교 분석하여 각 사업별 문제점 및 개선점을 도출하고, 민군겸용기술사업의 활성화를 위한 세부 사업별 대안을 제시하고자 한다. 먼저, 우리나라의 무기체계와 산업구조의 특성을 고려한 범정부차원의 정책을 수립하고 활성화 프로그램을 계획해야 한다. 이를 근간으로, 겸용기술개발은 기술수준 조사와 연계하여 필요 핵심기술을 선 개발하고, 기술교류 사업은 민간 및 국방 분야의 모든 기술자료를 연계할 수 있는 통합정보 시스템을 구축해야 한다. 또한 사이버 기술거래시장과 국방벤처센터를 활용하여 기술이전사업을 촉진하고, '국가 규격 및 표준정보체계'를 조속히 구축하여 규격통일화 사업을 확대해 나가야 한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2016

Purpose - In general, large companies have larger organizations, funds, and systems to provide more effective and efficient services in the market. However, development needs to support the livelihood of ordinary citizens who work for small businesses as well. This research suggests that a new distribution channel, called a "foothold style Kosa mart," that cooperates jointly with a distribution center and a large discount mart can provide direct solutions to small and mid-size distributors. This new distribution channel can achieve a limited type of "Nadle shop (small supermarket) foster project" related to building a joint distribution center and improvement in wholesale supply. Research design, data, and methodology - Data about the Korea distribution situation, the Nadle stores, and the logistics centers were collected from literature, Statistics Korea, journals, and reports. Specifically, we investigated information about Kosa Mart and Nadle stores. We focused on the redesign of the distribution center for the Nadle store. Results - The Kosa Mart distribution center now includes 18 warehouses, and has been handling 2000-3000 items. Most of the warehouses have been simply designed and items loaded and stored without refrigeration; thus, it is possible to store only products of certain manufactured goods. The current logistics center has no wholesale function because it failed to resolve the joint purchasing and product supply issues of competitively priced products. Conclusions - This study aimed to identify ways to strengthen the competitiveness of small- and medium-sized retailers. A Kosa Mart redesign aims to unifying the logistics center, stores, and customers. First, the joint wholesale logistics system, equipped with an integrated ordering system, needs to process customer orders and store orders at the same time. Second, excellent small business product development has to connect with production. Third, the store composition needs to support a shipping hub. Fourth, the Mart differentiates itself from convenience store goods by supplying regional and specialized products to customers. Fifth, a service buying agent and direct transactions between producers and consumers need to be established, and exhibits and displays of goods need to be improved.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.280-291
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• 2020

Objectives: Hazard classification is a controversial issue in the new MSDS system in which chemical companies have to prepare and submit MSDS for chemicals that they manufacture or import to the competent authorities according to the amended Occupational Safety and Health Act. The aim of this study is to suggest how to apply and manage harmonized hazard classification criteria and results by investigating current hazard classification systems and trends. Methods: The domestic issues about different hazard classification criteria and results were investigated by reviewing the literature and business outcomes regarding KOSHA. We also checked official and unofficial reports from the UN to understand international discussion about the topic. Chemical hazard classification results from agencies providing chemical information were analyzed to compare a harmonized rate between classifications. Furthermore, a field survey of a few chemical companies was conducted. Results: Under the related competent authorities, an integrated standard proposal was developed to harmonize the domestic hazard classification criteria. Although harmonized chemical information is strongly needed, we recognized the uncertainty and difficulty of harmonized hazard classification from the UN global list project review. In practice the harmonization rate of the classification was generally low between the classification in KOSHA, MoE, and EU CLP. Among hazard classes, health hazards largely led the disharmony. The field survey revealed a change of perception that the main body of chemical information production is manufacturers. Approaches and solutions about hazard classification issues differed depending on business size, types of chemical handling, and other factors. Conclusions: We proposed reasonable ways by time and step to apply hazard classification in the new MSDS system. Chemical manufacturers should make and offer chemical information including responsible hazard classifications. The government should primarily accept these classifications, evaluate them by priority, and support or supervise workplaces in order to communicate reliable chemical information.