• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.858-862
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• 2013

The front electrode should be used to make solar cell panel so as to collect electron. The front electrode is used by paste type, printed on the Si-solar cell wafer and sintered at about $800^{\circ}C$. The paste is composed Ag powder and glass frit which make the ohmic contact between Ag electrode and n-type semiconductor layer. From the previous study, the Ag electrodes which used two commercial glass frit of Bi-system were so different on the interface resistance. The main composition of them was Bi-Zn-B-Si-O and few additives added in one of them. In this study, glass frit was made with the ratio of $Bi_2O_3$ and ZnO on the main composition, and then paste using glass frit was prepared respectively. And, also, the paste using the glass frit added oxide additives were prepared. The change of interface resistance was not large with the ratio of $Bi_2O_3$ and ZnO. In the case of G6 glass frit, 78 wt% $Bi_2O_3$ addition, the interface resistance was $190{\Omega}$ and most low. In the glass frit added oxide, the case of Ca increased over 10 times than it of G6 glass frit on the interface resistance. It was thaught that after sintering, Ca added glass frit was not flowed to the interface between Ag electrode and wafer but was in the Ag electrode.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.101.3-101.3
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• 2010

Glass frit은 실리콘 태양전지의 Ag/Si contact을 위해 필수적이다. 태양전지의 고효율 특성 구현 때문에, Contact resistance(Rc)가 우수한 Pb-frit의 사용이 불가피한 상황이다. 본 연구는 기존의 Pb계를 무연화함과 동시에 동등수준의 효율을 목표로 하였다. Ag 분말 size 및 glass frit의 열적 거동 특성이 SiNx 코팅층 침투와 Ag re-crystallites에 미치는 영향에 대해 평가하였다. 6 inch 다결정 실리콘 웨이퍼를 사용하였으며, softening temperture(Sp)별로 4종의 Bi계 glass frit을 제조 하였고, 분말 size가 다른 3종의 Ag powder를 선정하였다. Glass frit Sp가 $460^{\circ}C$ 이상의 경우에는 효율이 10% 미만이였으나 Sp $460^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 16% 수준의 효율을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.77.2-77.2
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• 2010

스크린 프린팅을 이용한 태양전지에서 전극소성 시 알루미늄 후면 전극이 실리콘으로 확산되어 후면전계(Back Surface Field)를 형성한다. 후면전계 형성시 알루미늄과 후면전계 사이에 알루미늄-실리콘 합금이 형성된다. 이 알루미늄-실리콘 합금은 알루미늄 후면전극의 전기전도도 및 휨현상, bead 형성 등에 영향을 끼친다. 본 논문은 알루미늄 페이스트에 첨가된 Glass frit이 알루미늄-실리콘 합금 형성에 끼치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 분산제, 유기바인더, 알루미늄을 섞어 1개의 페이스트를 만들었고, Glass frit을 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% 씩 첨가하여 총 6개의 알루미늄 페이스트를 만들었다. 절삭손상이 제거된 실리콘 기판의 후면에 알루미늄 페이스트를 스크린 프린팅하여 전극을 소성하였다. 주사전자 현미경(SEM)을 사용하여 시편의 단면사진으로부터 Glass frit 함량에 따른 알루미늄-실리콘 합금층의 변화를 관찰하였다. Glass frit이 첨가되지 않은 페이스트는 소성 후 알루미늄-실리콘 합금이 두껍게 형성되었으나, Glass frit이 첨가된 페이스트는 소성 후 알루미늄-실리콘 합금이 얇게 형성되는 결과를 얻었다. 또한 Glass frit을 첨가함에 따라 표면의 원형 모양의 무늬가 작아지면서 3%부터는 사라지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.375-378
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• 2004

ZnO varistor ceramics were fabricated with variation of addition of glass-frit amount and the sintering temperature was $1150^{\circ}C$. The average grain sizes were showed decreased from $8.6\;{\mu}m$ to $10\;{\mu}m$, and varistor voltages were decreased from 506 V to 460 V by added amount of glass-frit. Nonlinear coefficient ${\alpha}$, of all were with increasing the amount of glass-frit more than 60, in case of added on 0.03wt% glass-frit was 83. And leakage current were less than $1{\mu}A$ with applied at 82% of varistor voltage. The clamping voltage ratio of the specimes added 0.03wt% glass-frit was 1.41 at applied 25A $[8/20{\mu}s]$. In the specimen added 0.03wt% glass-frit, endurence of surge current and deviation of varistor voltage were $6200A/cm^2$, $\Delta-1.67%$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.516-523
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• 2008

The effect of glass-frit size on microstructural evolution and electrical resistance of conductive silver paste was investigated. Silver paste was prepared by mixing 70 wt% commercial silver powder with $1.6{\mu}m$, 3 wt% Bi based glass-frit and 27 wt% organic vehicle. Two different sizes of glass-frit were obtained by ball-milling of commercial glass-frit ($3{\mu}m$) for 3 and 5 days, which had an average particle size of 1.0 and $0.5{\mu}m$. The smaller glass-frit was melt at low sintered temperature and rapidly spread between the silver particles, which is induced the dense networking among silver particles and strong adhesiveness to $Al_2O_3$ substrate. The silver film with smaller glass-frit sintered at $500^{\circ}C$ showed the small pore size and low porosity resulting in low electrical resistivity of $4{\mu}{\Omega}cm$.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.558-560
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• 2004

We report the effect of wet ball milling conditions on the transparency of glass frit. Generally, the particle size of glass frit decreased as the milling time increased. And the transparency of glass frit changed with the particle size variation. The transparency of glass frit A increased as the milling time increased. But, the transparency of glass frit B, containing high $B_2O_3$ decreased as the particle size decreased. It seems to be the result of chemical reaction with water and glass frit.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.438-445
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• 2002

In this study, the glass frit of $PbO-TiO-2-SiO_2-BaO-ZnO-Al_2O-3-CaO-B_2O_3-Bi_2O_3-MgO$ system was manufactured. The glass was melted at $1,400{\circ}C$, quenched and attrition-milled. The glass frit powder was pressed and fired for 2h at the range of $750~1,000{\circ}C$. The crystallization of glass frit began at about $750{\circ}$ and at low temperature, the main crystal phases were hexagonal celsian($BaAl_2Si_2O_8$) and alumina. As the firing temperature increased, the crystal phases of monoclinic celsian, zinc aluminate, zinc silicate, calcium titanium silicate and titania appeared. And the increase of firing temperature led to transformation of hexagonal celsian to monoclinic. The only glass frit containing 15wt% PbO had the crystal phase of solid solution of $PbTiO_3-CaTiO_3$. At the frequency of 1 MHz, the dielectric constant of glass frit crystallized was in the range of 11~16 and the dielectric loss less than 0.020. But the glass frit containing 15wt% PbO had the dielectric constant of 17~26 and loss of 0.010~0.015 because of crystal phase of solid solution of $PbTiO_3-CaTiO_3$.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2009

The effect of glass frit on the sintering behavior and mechanical properties of 3 mol% $Y_2O_3$-doped zirconia($3Y-ZrO_2$) have been studied. Up to 30 wt% of glass frit was added to $3Y-ZrO_2$. Sintering was performed in a box furnace up to $1300^{\circ}C$ for specimens with glass frit and $1600^{\circ}C$ for specimens without glass frit in air for 1h. Relative density and mechanical properties were measured to investigate the effect of glass frit. The addition of glass frit enhanced both sintered density and mechanical properties of $3Y-ZrO_2$ which is suitable for dental applications. Maximum sintered density 93.3% of theoretical density was obtained with the specimens containing 30 wt% frit sintered at $1300^{\circ}C$, whereas the optimum amount of frit addition for mechanical properties was determined as 10 wt%. Maximum value of strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers microhardness for specimens with glass frit were 206 MPa, $3.4\;MPa\;m^{1/2}$, and 5.3 GPa, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1138-1140
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• 2003

To investigate the relation between the sintering degree and the elastic modulus of sintered glass, ball-milled commercial soda-lime-silica glass were used. It was heat-treated at various temperatures and for various times, and then the density and elastic modulus of sintered glass frit were measured. The experimental results showed a strong correlation between them.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2015

The effective glass frit composition used to absorb laser energy and to seal commercial dye-sensitized solar cell panel substrates has been previously developed using $V_2O_5-TeO_2$-based glass with 10 wt% ${\beta}$-eucryptite as a CTE controlling filler. The optimum sealing conditions are provided using a 3 mm beam, a laser power of 40 watt, a scan speed of 300 mm/s, and 200 irradiation cycles. In this study, the feasibility of the developed glass frit is investigated in terms of the sealing strength and chemical durability against the commercial iodide/triiodide electrolyte solution and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode in order to increase the solar cell lifetime. The sealing strength of the laser-sealed $V_2O_5-TeO_2$-based glass frit is $20.5{\pm}1.7MPa$, which is higher than those of thermally sealed glass frit and other reported glass frit. Furthermore, the developed glass frit is chemically stable against electrolyte solutions. The glass frit constituents are not leached out from the glass after soaking in the electrolyte solution for up to three months. During the laser sealing, the glass frit does not react with the FTO electrode; thus, the resistivity of the FTO electrode beneath the laser-sealed area remains the same.