• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.264-265
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• 2008

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.114-117
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• 1993

Ginsenosides present in the roots of panax ginseng C.A. Meyer were shown to induce a stimulatory effect on the overexpressed cellular chicken c-src protein tyrossine kinase in NH3T3 cells. Among 4 ginsenosides studied $(G-Rb_2,\;G-Rc,\;G-Re\;and\;G-Rg_1),\;G-Rg_1$ showed the most stimulatory effect at $16.7\mu{g/ml}$ ginsenoside concentration increasing the activity by 2-4 times. Inhibitors of either protein synthesis or RNA synthesis blocked the activation of c-src proein tyrosine kinase. These results suggest that the csrc kinase activation apprars to involve an increase in the amount of protein of the kinase by transcriptional control mechanism rather than an increase in the kinase activity.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.134.1-134.1
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• 2003

In regard to $A\beta$ toxicity and AD, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by macrophage families in response to $A\beta$ stimulation. In addition to this, neurotrophins (NTs) regulate the neuronal function as well as cell survival and the growth of various types of neurons in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). As high expressions of the ROS and NTs are a routine findings in neuronal cell damage, we wanted to investigate whether Rg3 can inhibit the production of ROS and NTs primary cell cultures. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.136.1-136.1
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• 2003

$\beta$-amyloid (A$\beta$) peptide produced from amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a major cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, in early phase of AD, imbalance of the production and the clearance of $A\beta$ is regarded as an important factor to progressive AD presenting senile plaque, a hallmark of AD. In the present study, we wanted to verify whether Rg3 can playa role in helping microglia engulfing $A\beta$ peptides. Validations for the study was conducted by using DiI-Ac-LDL, which attached only on type A macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR-A) and ligands for he receptor, fucoidan. (omitted)

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2018

Background: Temperature is an essential condition in red ginseng processing. The pharmacological activities of red ginseng under different steam temperatures are significantly different. Methods: In this study, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was developed to distinguish the red ginseng products that were steamed at high and low temperatures. Multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis were used to determine the influential components of the different samples. Results: The results showed that different steamed red ginseng samples can be identified, and the characteristic components were 20-gluco-ginsenoside Rf, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, and malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1 in red ginseng steamed at low temperature. Meanwhile, the characteristic components in red ginseng steamed at high temperature were 20R-ginsenoside Rs3 and ginsenoside Rs4. Polar ginsenosides were abundant in red ginseng steamed at low temperature, whereas higher levels of less polar ginsenosides were detected in red ginseng steamed at high temperature. Conclusion: This study makes the first time that differences between red ginseng steamed under different temperatures and their ginsenosides transformation have been observed systematically at the chemistry level. The results suggested that the identified chemical markers can be used to illustrate the transformation of ginsenosides in red ginseng processing.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2019

Ginsenosides are active constituents of ginseng (Panax ginseng) that have possible anti-aging, physiological and pharmacological activities, such as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Although the ginseng root is generally used more often than the aerial parts for medicinal purposes, the flowers also contain numerous ginsenosides, including Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re and Rg1. Therefore, an extract from the flowers of the P. ginseng could have the pharmacological efficacy of bioactive compounds including ginsenosides. The high hydrostatic pressure extraction (HHPE) is a method that is used for the efficient extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials. In this study, we compared the yield of ginsenosides from ginseng flowers under different conditions of extraction pressure and time of HHPE. The results indicate that the total yield of the ginsenosides improved as the pressure increased from 0.1 to 80 MPa and treatment duration increased to 24 hours. In addition, the ginsenoside extracts from HHPE at 80 MPa, which possessed a higher total ginsenoside concentration, decreased the viability of the primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) significantly than the ginsenoside extracts from HHPE at 0.1 MPa. Collectively, we found that the method of HHPE that was performed for 24 hours at 80 MPa showed the highest yield of ginsenosides from the flowers of P. ginseng. In addition, our study provides a foundation for the efficient extraction of ginsenosides, which had a potent bioactivity, from flowers of P. ginseng through HHPE.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.32-36
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• 1983

백삼(白蔘)을 각(各) 상대습도별(相對濕度別)로 저장(貯藏)하면서 백삼내(白蔘內)의 saponin과 유리당(遊離糖)의 함량변화(含量變化)를 조사(調査)하였다. 백삼내(白蔘內)에 존재(存在)하는 saponin은 상대습도(相對濕度) $11{\sim}57%$까지는 거의 변화(變化)가 없었으나 그 이상(以上)의 저장구(貯藏區)에서는 저장기간(貯藏期間)이 길수록, 그리고 상대습도(相對濕度)가 높을수록 그 감소율(減少率)이 컸으며 그중에서 ginsenoside $-Rb_1$, -Rc, -Re, $-Rg_1$의 함량(含量)이 크게 감소(減少)하였다. 그리고 인삼내(人蔘內)의 그 함량(含量)이 낮은 ginsenoside $-Rg_2$의 변화(變化)가 가장 적었다. Glucose와 fructose는 상대습도(相對濕度) $75{\sim}96%$까지는 급격히 증가(增加)하였다가 감소(減少)하였으며 $11{\sim}67%$까지는 저장기간(貯藏期間)이 길수록, 그리고 상대습도(相對濕度)가 높을수록 서서히 증가(增加)하였다. Sucrose는 상대습도(相對濕度) 42%까지는 거의 변화(變化)가 없었으나 그 이상(以上)의 저장구(貯藏區)에서는 상대습도(相對濕度)가 높을수록 저장기간(貯藏期間)이 길어질수록 계속 감소(減少)하였다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 백삼(白蔘)을 $30^{\circ}C$에서 장기저장(長期貯藏)할 경우 saponin과 유리당의 함량변화(含量變化)가 거의 없는 상대습도(相對濕度) 57% 이하(以下)에서 보존(保存)하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.951-956
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to prepare black ginseng and evaluate its antitumor activity. In order to achieve such aim, 5 year fresh ginsenges were steamed at 95'E for 3 hr in pottery apparatus and dried at $60^{\circ}C$ for 12-36 hr. This process was repeated again nine times in same condition. Among the ginseng saponins in black ginseng, the amount of Ginsenoside $Rg_3$ was examined by HPLC. 10.05 mE of Ginsenoside $Rg_3$ was obtained from 1 g of dried black ginseng prepared. The extract of black ginseng exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity against MCF-1, HT-1080 and Hepa 1C1C7 tumor cell lines in vitro than the extract of red ginseng. Also, the extract of black ginseng exhibited stronger antitumor activity(33%) in BDFl mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma cells(LLC) than the extract of red ginseng(23%). From these results, it was concluded that Black ginseng had antitumor activity suggesting its application for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.328-332
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• 1992

A new high performance liquid chromatographic procedure is described for the analysis of ginseng saponins. Ginseng saponins were separated on Lichrosorb $NH_2$ column and anthraquinone-2, 6-disulfonate (AQDS) solution was added to the column effluent. The effluent was passed through 1.5m-PTFE capillary coiled around 10 W-UV lamp to reduce AQDS to highly fluorescent 9. 10-dihydroxyanthracene-2, 6-disulfonate which was detected by fluorescence detector. The detection limit for the ginsenoside $Rg_1$ by this method was found to be about 350 ng, the dynamic linear range was $10^2$ and the correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.9999.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 춘계총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.39-39
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• 1998