• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.119-127
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• 2012

To investigate the influence of multi-probiotic, fermented ginseng byproduct and fermented sulfone on the performance, intestinal microflora and immunity of broiler, a five weeks trial was conducted with 340, 1-d-old $Ross{\times}Ross$ broiler. All broilers were divided into five different groups having 68 birds in each treatment, and they were assigned as control, antibiotic avilamycin (AB), multi-probiotic (MP), fermented sulfone (FS) and fermented ginseng byproduct (FGB). Each artificial or naturally derived probiotic was inoculated 0.1% level with the basal diet, and all diets were provided to birds for five weeks. Weight gain and feed intake were measured weekly basis, and blood, spleen and feces were collectedand used for the physiological properties of broiler chickens. All performances and cholesterol profiles were not significantly differed but numerically lower level of neutral fat and LDL was found in multi-probiotics and FGB treatments respectively. The salmonella spp and E. coli numbers in the ileum were high in control in relation to those of other treatments and were significantly decreased in antibiotics treatments (p<0.05). In addition, Lactobacillus spp. showed significantly higher proliferation in MP as compared to that of others (p<0.05). Fecal ammonia and $CO_2$ gas emission was significantly decreased in MP, FGB and FS, respectively (p<0.05), but significantly increased proliferation of spleen was determined in MP group in comparison of other treatments (p<0.05). Therefore, the results indicates that multi-probiotics would be valuable feed additives to improve the salmonella, E. coli and Lactobacillus proliferation, and manure gas emission of broiler chickens, but further study related to the production of manure gas emission of MP is necessary.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.80-98
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• 2024

Edible insects, such as the two-spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus, GB), have high nutritional value but are not widely consumed because of their appearance and smell. Consequently, the development of foods containing these insects in less recognizable forms, e.g., flour-like powders, has drawn considerable attention. Herein, we investigated the quality characteristics of muffins prepared from wheat flower supplemented with fresh ginseng (5%) and GB (0, 10, 20, and 40%) powders. GB loading was negatively correlated with muffin volume, height, moisture content, and textural properties (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness) and positively correlated with crude protein content and antioxidant properties. Significant (p<0.05) color differences were observed between samples with different GB loadings. The contents of hexanal and nonanal, which are the major volatiles responsible for off-flavor, increased with increasing GB loading, and the number of volatiles maximized at 40% GB. Sensory preference decreased in the order of 0% GB>10% GB≈ 20% GB>40% GB. Based on these results, a GB loading of 20% offered the best trade-off between attractiveness and nutritional value. Thus, this study promotes the widespread use of GB in the food industry and the development of various edible-insect-based food products.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.475-481
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of red ginseng extracted with water extract (WE) and 50% ethanol extract (EE) from white ginseng on cooked meat patties during storage. Different concentrations of extracts were examined (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.%, respectively, dry base w/w). A significantly higher water holding capacity (WHC) was observed in samples supplemented with ${\geq}$ 0.5% WE (p < 0.01); however, EE had no significant effect on the WHC of meat patties. Samples supplemented with ${\geq}$ 0.5% WE or EE showed a significantly higher redness ($a^*$-value) compared to the control (p < 0.01). The total plate counts (TPC) and 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) of all treated samples were lower than those of the control. However, there were no significant differences in volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values and sensory evaluation scores between the samples. These results suggest that red ginseng extract improves color and inhibits lipid oxidation and bacterial population at doses > 0.25%, prolonging the shelf-life of meat products and acting as a natural colorant.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.195-205
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• 1997

This paper is to assess the effect of Adaptagen as a radioprotector in which main component is alkaloid fraction of ginseng. Evaluation was made in vitro and in vivo study with NIGP(S) mouse by the measurement of regeneration of jejunal crypt cell and micronucleus assay to analyze radioprotective effect of ginseng alkaloid fraction in comparison with that of water fraction after whole body irradiation. The results were as follows, 1. The degree of radiation damage of mouse jejunal crypt cell was diminished in both of alkaloid and water fraction groups compared to control group but more in alkaloid fraction group than water fraction group. Regeneration of mouse jejunal crypt cell was higher both in alkaloid and water fraction groups than control group. 3. In vitro study, frequency of micronucleus was diminished in tendency for the treated groups than control group but statistically insignificant. 4. In vitro study, frequency of micronucleus was diminished in both alkaloid and water fraction groups compared to control group but more in alkaloid fraction group than water fraction group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2010

We surveyed 837 students attending elementary schoolchildren in Korea for health functional foods (HFF) consumption and significant variables for their HFF consumption including demographic characteristics, parental health concern on offsprings, food eating frequency of subjects and beliefs on potential efficacy of HFF by subjects. The consumption prevalence of HFF was 45.9%, and among all types of HFF, nutritional supplements were taken most frequently, followed by apricot extract-fermented products > lactic acid bacteria containing products > EPA/DHA containing products > red ginseng products. HFF consumption was higher in subjects had parents of high education level (p < .05) and those from families with a high socioeconomic status (p < .01) in comparison to each corresponding group. Health concern on offsprings by parents (p < .001) and consumption ratio of HFF by family (p < .001) was higher in consumers than in nonconsumers of HFF. Total score of dietary assessment was higher in consumers than in nonconsumers of HFF (p < .01), and consumers had a more positive view concerning the potential efficacy of HFF than did nonconsumers (p < .001). Most consumers of HFF took HFF when they were healthy (42.5%), and they did not feel special effects through HFF consumption (47.7%). Most consumers of HFF got the information on HFF from family and relatives (24.8%), and most of them purchased HFF at pharmacy or oriental medicine clinics (53.9%). HFF consumers preferred multi-vitamins and Ca-supplements most among the vitamin mineral supplements belonged to HFF. Given the widespread consumption of HFF by elementary schoolchildren, the reasonable consumption of these products for the contribution to their overall health and well-being should be emphasized through nutrition education for them and their family.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.432-437
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to select regional distinctive Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Gangwon Inland Mountains Area. It was considered as NTFP Pine mushroom, Raw Oak Mushroom, Chestnut, Pinenut, Acorn, Resin, Cultivated Mountain Ginseng, Fernbrake, Chinese bellflower, Lance asiabell, Angelica, Aster scaber, Sap, Wood Vinegar. Regional weight, item weight and forest products quotient were used for the selection of NTFP. Forest products quotient was an application of Location Quotient that is used Input-Output analysis. As a result, Chestnut was selected in Chuncheon. Raw Oak Mushroom was selected in Wonju and Pyeongchang. It was selected Pinenut in Hongcheon, Lance asiabell in Hoengseong and Hwacheon, Acorn in Cheorwon, Aster scaber in Yanggu and Sap in Inje.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.37-51
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to apply informations related to herbal medicines to IDMP (Identification of Medicinal Products), an ISO standards related to medicinal products substances, for systematic collection of data through the integration of informations on distribution, manufacturing, and management of herbal medicines. Methods : By analyzing ISO 11238 and ISO/TS 19844, elements that can be used in the information model of herbal medicine were derived from the identification of medicinal products information model on substances. The labeling specified in the safety and quality control regulations for herbal medicines was mapped to the IDMP information model, and ginseng was applied as an example. Results : Herbal medicine corresponded to substance in IDMP. Among the five types of substances specified by IDMP, herbal medicines were expressed as structurally diverse. Scientific name was used as an invariant property of herbal medicine, and the substance level included information about source material and modification, and specifically included information about the scientific name, medicinal part, fraction, and processing. In addition, the specified substance level had information on the constituents, characteristic attributes, manufacturing, and grade of the herbal medicine. Conclusions : It is necessary to establish a code system for identifying herbal medicines. In order to apply the IDMP standards, research on the development of standard terms is required to express the characteristics of herbal medicines. In addition, information for identification of herbal medicines is also required, and information from production to consumption should be systematically accumulated and managed for actual application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1984

This study was designed to compare the quality characteristics of freeze and spray dried red ginseng extract powders(RGEPs) by drying methods, which have been required to maintain the stability for the quality. Chemical compositions, major ginsenoside contents and color intensities of these Products were compared by drying conditions. The moisture absorption rates and optical densities also were compared during storage under maltreatment conditions of a various relative humidities (75, 86and 92 RH) and two different temperatures (37 and $50^{\circ}C$). It was found that decreases of total major ginsenosides contents in freeze and spray dried RGEPs were 5.4 % to 6.7 % during storage for 6 months at $37^{\circ}C$, 75 % RH. When these products packaged with inner seal of Al-foil laminate paper (Al-foil; 9 ${\mu}m$) were stored for 6 months at $37^{\circ}C$, 75 % RH. the moisture absorption rates of freeze and spray dried RGEPs were ranged 42 % to 82 %, 8 % to 16 %, respectively. In storage for 6 months at $37^{\circ}C$, 86 % RH, spray dried RGEP was higher in brown pigment($400{\sim}490nm$) than freeze dried RGEP while freeze dried was higher in pyrazine (278 nm), HMF and furfural (285 nm) than spray dried RGEP. It was found that RGEPs showed a strong anti-oxidative activity by electron donating ability to DPPPH, but there was no significant difference between freeze and spray dried RGEPs.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1988.08a
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• pp.77-80
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• 1988

The effects of ginseng saponins and some phenolic acids on the in vitro biosynthesis of prostaglandins was examined in order to identify the role of some ginseng components on the regulaion of arachidonic acid metabolism. The productions of prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2).$ prostaglandin $F_2{\alpha}(PGF_2{\alpha}).$ thromboxane $B_2(TxB_2)$ and 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_1{\alpha}(6-keto-PGF_1{\alpha})$ from $[^3H]-arachidonic$ acid were evaluated with rabbit kidney microsome. human platelet homogenate and bovine aortic microsome. The amounts of the total cyclooxy-genase products from arachidonic acid did't show significant changes in the presence of ginseng saponins. Panaxadiol. panaxatriol and all of the ginsenosides used in these experiments reduced the formation of $TxB_2.$ while increased the $6-keto-PGF_1{\alpha}$ production dose dependently. Ginseng saponins did't inhibit the ADP($10{\mu}M$) induced platelet aggregation. but sodium arachidonate (0.5 mM) induced platelet aggregation. but sodium arachidonate (0.5 mM) induced platelet aggregation was signiticantly inhibited. These findings suggest that ginseng saponins seem to playa role in the regulation of the arachidonate metabolism. probably by affecting the divergent biosynthetic pathway of prostaglandins from endoperoxide.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.864-872
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• 2005

Various types of functional foods for health (FFH) are popularly used among adolescents. We surveyed 858 students, $15.0 \pm$ 1.6 (14-18) years of age, attending general junior or senior high schools in Korea for FFH use and significant variables for their FFH use including demographic characteristics, food consumption frequency and nutritional beliefs. The use prevalence of FFH was $47.8\%$, and among all types of FFH, nutritional supplements were taken most frequently, followed by red ginseng products > enzyme containing products > plant extract-fermented products. FFH use was higher in older aged-group, subjects lived in small or middle city, and those from families with a high socioeconomic status in comparison to each corresponding group. Health concern on offsprings by parents and usage ratio of FFH by family was higher in users than in nonusers of FFH. Total score of dietary assessment was higher in users than in nonusers of FFH, and users had a more positive view concerning the potential health benefit of FFH than did nonusers. Most users of FFH took FFH when they were healthy ($50.7\%$) , and they did not feel special effects through the FFH use ($57.1\%$) . Most users of FFH got the information on FFH through family and relatives ($61.5\%$) , and most of them purchased FFH at pharmacy or oriental medicine clinics ($55.1\%$) . FFH users preferred vitamin C-and Ca-supplements most among the vitamin mineral supplements belonged to FFH. Given the widespread use of FFH by adolescents, the reasonable use of these products for the contribution to their overall health and well-being is a subject that is emphasized in nutrition education for them. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10) : 864$\sim$872,2005)