• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.43.1-43.1
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• 1980

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.46.1-46.1
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• 1981

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.300-314
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• 1993

Periodontal disease research has been focused on understanding the immunopathologic mechanisms which may operate in the development and maintenance of peiodontal inflammatory changes. Immunologic and inflammatory responses may relate to the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In order to research immunopathology of periodontal disease, previous investigators have spent much time on the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cells but they have spent less time on the changes of those cells to the periodontal disease severity. The purpose of study was performed to investigate the changes of the distribution of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, T lymphocyte subsets, and Natural Killer cells in the gingival epithelium and connective tissue of the periodontal disease with the various clinical parameters including Gingival Index, Sulcular Bleeding Index, and pocket depth. Gingival tissues were obtained from 25 patients with different severity of periodontal disease. Serial cryostat sections displaying a cross section of gingiva were labelled with monoclonal antibody for pan T cells, T cytotoxic/suppressor cells, T helper/inducer cells, pan B cells, and NK cells were develped using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase system. Lymphocyte populations were enumerated in repeatable fields from gingival section. 1. T cells were more increased at grade 1 and 3 than at grade 0 of gingival index (p<0.05). Helper T cells and NK cells were significantly increased at grade 1, 2, 3 than at grade 0(p<0.05). 2. T cells were more decreased at grade 3 and 4 than at grade 1 of sulcular bleeding index (p<0.01, p<0.05). Especially, Natural Killer cells were significantly increased at grade 1, 2, 3, 4 than at grade 0 (p<0.05, p<0.001). 3. The ratios of helper T/suppressor T cells were more decreased at grade 4 than at grade 0 and at grade 4 than at grade 2 of sulcular bleeding index (p<0.05, p<0.05). 4. Helper T cells were significantly decreased at grade II and III than at grade I, however the Natural Killer cells showed a increasing tendency with the increase of the pocket depth, there were no significant differences between each grade of pocket depth. 5. The ratios of helper T/suppressor T cells were tended to be decreased with the increase of the pocket depth, there were no significant differences between each grades of pocket depth. There was a very weak change in the distribution of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, T lymphocyte subsets, and Natural Killer cells in the gingival epithelium and connective tissue of the periodontal lesion with the various clinical parameters including gingial index, sulcular bleeding index, and pocket depth. But, the number of T lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells were significantly changed in gingival index and sulcular bleeding index.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.123.1-123.1
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• 1988

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제21권11호통권174호
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• pp.899-906
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• 1983

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.639-644
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the number of live and dead bacteria attached to, or within, the stratified squamous epithelium lining the tissue side of the gingival sulcus. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients was examined and classified into healthy or diseased sites according to inflammatory status of the gingival tissue. The surface of stratified squamous epithelium was removed by gentle scraping of the gingival sulcus with curettes. The cells were processed in the laboratory by density-gradient centrifugation to separate the epithelial cells from the loose bacteria and debris. The LIVE/$DEAD^{(R)}$ $BacLight^{TM}$ Bacterial Viability Kit was applied and the specimens were observed by an epifluorescent microscope and the number of bacteria was counted. Results: Live and dead bacteria were stained to green and red, irrespectively. Generally, the number of total bacteria in the diseased sites was significantly higher than in the healthy sites. The mean number of detected bacteria in the diseased sites was $58.6{\pm}36.0$ (red bacteria $10.4{\pm}9.2$ / green bacteria $48.2{\pm}30.5$), while it was $1.5{\pm}1.7$ in the healthy sites (red bacteria $0.1{\pm}0.3$ / green bacteria $1.4{\pm}1.5$). The percentage of red bacteria was $17.5{\pm}11.2%$ in the diseased sites and $2.0{\pm}5.8%$ in the healthy sites. Conclusion: The total number of bacteria in the diseased sites was significantly higher than that of the healthy sites. The ratio and the number of red bacteria were also significantly higher in the diseased sites.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.691-698
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• 2008

Purpose: Periodontal pathogens can invade the host tissue. Morphologic studies have revealed bacteria within the pocket epithelium, gingival connective tissues, alveolar bone, and oral epithelium. The objective of this study was to visualize and evaluate presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia in crevicular epithelial cells of periodontally healthy subjects and chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 666 crevicular epithelial cells in the samples obtained from 27 chronic periodontitis patients and 9 healthy volunteers were examined. Specific probes for P. gingivalis and T. forsythia and a universal probe for detection of all eubacteria targeting 168 rRNA for fluorescence in situ hybridization was used in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: 98.99% of sulcular epithelial cells from healthy volunteers and 84.40% of pocket epithelial cells from periodontitis patients were found to harbor bacteria. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were discovered more often in crevicular epithelial cells from periodontitis patients. Conclusion: P. gingivalis and T. forsythia can invade crevicular epithelial cells and intracellular bacteria may act as a source of bacteria for persistent infection.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 1993

The Langerhans cells are dendritic nonkeratinocytes found suprabasally in most stratified squamous epithelia, such as human epidermis and the epithelium of the oral mucosa including that of gingiva. After Paul Langerhans found it in the skin in 1968, there have been sturdies of it's function and distribution . Stingle et al. reported that the Langerhans cells seem able to present antigens and to stimulate T-lymphocytes. Shelley et al. discovered that they can take up contact allergens. Accordingly it has been suggested that Langerhans cells are important elements of p Peripheral cell mediated immune system. In this study, the gingival tissue of a adult periodontitis patient was taken and freeze dried. In one specimen, we used the CD1 monoclonal antbody to staining the Langerhans cell. The other specimen, we embedded in paraffin and staining it with S-100 monoclonal antibody. The purpose of this study was to use these specimens to find out the distribution, orientation, morphology of the Langerhans cell and to discover the increase or decrease of Langerhans cell in an increased inflammatory state. The results were obtained as follows : 1. Langerhans cells were distributed between the basal cell layer and spinous cell layer against the CD1 & S-100 monoclonal antibody. 2. Langerhans cessl were plentiful in the oral eptihelium, and there was very little in the sulcular epithelium. 3. There were no Langerhans cell in the junction epithelium and pocket lining epithelium. 4. The number of Langerhans cells that responsed to the CD1 & S-100 monoclonal antibody had a statistically difference. 5. As the infiltration of the lymphocyte into the connective tissue were increased, the number of Langerhans cells in the epithelium were increased. 6. As the inflammation was increased, Langerhans cells in the spinous cell layer were more increased than those of the basal layer.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.276-292
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether removal of gingival epithelium with pulsed Nd :YAG laser could inhibit the downgrowth of junctional epithelium after alloplastic material grafting in periodontal bone defect. The periodontal bone defects were created surgically on the palatal aspect of the upper right and left molar teeth in 30 rats and filled with resorbable calcium carbonate($Biocoral\;450^{(R)}$: Inoteb, France). The control sites(right molar area) was sutured. The test side (left molar area) received controlled deepithelization of the oral and sulcular epithelium with pulsed Nd:YAG laser($Sunrise\;Maste^{(R)}$: Sunrise Technologies, U.S.A.) under the mode of 1.75W, 15Hz, 116mJ/pulse and was sutured. The control and test sites were evaluated clinically and histologically, at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days postoperation. Clinically, the gingiva showed normal color and shape at the 5th day in the control site and at the 10th day in the test sites. Histologically, the junctional epithelium was formed at the 7th day in the control sites and at the 14th day in the test sites, and the long JE attachment were observed at the 28th day in both sites. The attachment of connective tissue to root surface was observed initially at the 7th day in the control sites and at the 14th day in the test sites, and completed at the 28th day in both sites. In summary, these results showed that the removal of oral epithelium using pulsed Nd:YAG Laser could not prevent epithelial downgrowth after alloplastic material implantation in rat periodontal bone defect.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 1978

The author attempted to observe the histological changes of the periodontal structures induced by trauma from occlusion. Eighteen healthy rabbits were devided into two groups; control and experimental group. Three rabbits were kept as control group, while metal crowns were seated on unilateral lower molar teeth of fifteen rabbits were kept as experimental group. And the interocc1usal distance of the incisal edge was kept 1.5mm from begining to the end of the experimental period. Rabbits of each group consisting with three rabbits were killed at the intervals of three days, one week, two weeks, four weeks, eight weeks. The antagonistic teeth of maxilla including periodontal teeth were excised and decalcified for histologic preparation. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Destructions and ulcer formation of the sulcular epithelium and gingival epithelium occurred and persisted from the beginning of the experiment to the four weeks after experiment. The epithelal attachment were proliferated apically. 2. The pressure site were observed at the apical protion, where they showed compression of the periodontal ligament, thrombosis and congestion of blood vessels and hemorrhages. 3. At the pressure site, there appeared osteoclasts and bone resorption from the first week of experiment and it became more prominent at the second week with the extend into the marrow spaces adjacent to the periodontal membrane. 4. The phenomenon of bone apposition and resorption occurred at the fourth week of experiment. The reverse line of bone trabecular were more prominent. And the reactions were ceased at the eighth week of experiment.