• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.38 no.8 s.375
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• pp.765-772
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• 2000

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2017

Gingival recession is one of the common mucogingival problems during the orthodontic treatment. The causes of the gingival recession are similar to gingival recession in patients with periodontal diseases. Accumulation of bacterial deposits around the natural teeth induces the gingival inflammation and gingival recession occurs in the teeth with the lack of the supporting bone. However, malpositioned teeth which are labially positioned teeth or rotated teeth are more risky for gingival recession. Once root is exposed to oral cavity due to gingival recession, the orthodontic tooth movement is compromised and esthetic problems appeared. In addition, excessive gingival recession over the mucogingival junction jeopardizes the oral hygiene control, which has a risk of further gingival recession and bone loss around the tooth. To cover exposed root or to prevent further gingival recession, mucogingival surgery with gingival graft is recommended for the patients under orthodontic treatment. This case report aimed to present the mucogingival treatments of gingival recession observed during orthodontic treatment. Case I had had initial slight gingival recession before the orthodontic treatment. However, during the retraction phases, the gingival recession progressed and the periodontal treatment was referred. In case II, miller Class III gingival recession was occurred after correction of rotation. Both cases were treated by coronally advanced flap with free gingival grafts and recovered to the level of adjacent teeth despite of complete root coverage was not achieved in Case II. After periodontal treatment, orthodontic treatment was successfully completed. In conclusion, mucogingival surgery during the orthodontic treatment is recommended for the successful orthodontic treatment as well as periodontal health.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.465-475
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative effects of subgingival irrigation using some oral mouth rinses on early healing process of periodontal inflammation. The study population consisted of 13 patients with periodontal inflammation and distributed into 4 groups. Oral hygiene instruction, delicate scaling and root planing were done and then irrigated per 3 days during 2 weeks in situ with 1 of 4 solutions ; normal saline, C31G, Benzotonium chloride and tetracycline. Examination regarding probing pocket depth, plaque index, sulcular bleeding index, gingival index, gingival recession and leukocytes differential count was performed. Evaluation was made at the baseline and 2 weeks after non-surgical periodontal therapy. The results were as follows : 1. Clinical indices including probing pocket depth, plaque index, sulcular bleeding index, gingival index and gingival recession were significantly improved from baseline to 2 weeks. But there was no significant differences among 4 groups. 2. PMNs percent on leukocytes differential count was significantly decreased from baseline to 2 weeks on all groups. Those of tetracycline and C31G were significantly decreased than those of normal saline group. These results suggest that clinical indices were not different, but the decrease of inflammation were significantly different among some mouth rinses.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.475-484
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• 2003

Many tooth cleansing instruments and agents have been developed for removal of plaque, inhibition of plaque formation and reduction of gingival inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plaque control effect and the therapeutic effect of newly developed tooth cleansing instrument(Belloblanco(R)). 40 healthy subjects with gingivitis or early periodontitis were divided into two groups. Subjects in control group only used manual tooth brushing and in experimental group used manual tooth brush and additive tooth cleansing instrument(Belloblanco(R)). Additive tooth cleansing instrument was used once a week. At baseline scaling and tooth brushing instruction was performed. Probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index were scored at baseline, 2weeks, 4weeks. Probing depth of control and experimental group were significantly reduced at 2 weeks, 4weeks, hut there were no differences between two groups(P<(0.05). Bleeding on probing, plaque index and gingival index of control and experimental group were significantly reduced at 2weeks and 4weeks and there was significantly more reduction in the experimental group than the experimental group than the control group(p<(0.05). From these finding. it can be conclude that newly developed tooth cleansing instrument(Belloblanco(R)) are effective on the removal of plaque and the reduction of gingival inflammation

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1614-1625
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• 2018

Periodontitis, which is a severe inflammatory disease caused by endotoxins secreted from oral pathogens, destructs gingival tissue and alveolar bone. Curcuma xanthorrhiza, commonly called Java turmeric, has been shown to possess anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study evaluated the inhibitory effect of C. xanthorrhiza supercritical extract (CXS) standardized with xanthorrhizol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periodontitis in an animal model. LPS was topically injected into the periodontium of Sprague-Dawley rats to induce periodontitis and CXS (30 and $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}day^{-1}$) was orally administered after day 12. Histologically, CXS inhibited the collapse of gingival tissue by preventing cell infiltration. CXS significantly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and inflammation-related biomarkers, such as nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and interleukin-1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) in gingival tissue. CXS also improved bone remodeling by downregulating osteoclastic transcription factors, such as nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and cathepsin K. In addition, CXS upregulated osteoblast differentiation-related markers, alkaline phosphate (ALP) and collagen type I alpha (COLA1). Thus, CXS can ameliorate periodontitis by inhibiting inflammation and improving bone remodeling.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.357-375
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of histochemical characteristics in inflammatory fibrous gingival hyperplasia (FGH), phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia(PIGH), idiopathic gingival hyperplasia(IDGH) and control groups (healthy and inflammatory gingiva) by immunohistochemical method with various antibodies and histomorphological analysis. In immunohistochemical finding, antibodies to inflammatory cells (T/B lymphocytes, macrophages, other monocytes), proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), epidermal growth factor(EGF), factor VIII, and type I collagen were used. 1. The inflammatory infiltrates in FGH were less than those in inflammatory gingiva. The composition of inflammatory cells of PIGH was similar with that of FGH. IDGH showed a similar histologic findings with healthy gingival tissue. 2. In FGH, the number of fibroblasts and newly-formed collagen fibers was increased. No significant increase of fibroblasts and the dense accumulation of thick collagen fibers were seen in PIGH. The increase of fibroblasts and the dense accumulation of thick collagen were seen in IDGH. 3. PCNA-positive cells were localized mainly in the area accumulated with inflammatory cells and blood vessels, significantly increased in all hyperplastic tissue groups, and distributed evenly in IDGH. 4. The distribution of EGF were not observed in healthy gingiva but detected locally in area with confluent blood vessels,without significant difference between the other tissue groups. This results suggest that inflammation plays a significant role in inducing hyperplastic change of gingival tissue. While in DIGH, drug itself as well as inflammation seems to attribute to hyperplastic change.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2009

For many years, intermaxillary fixation using arch bar has been operated in treatment of mandibular fracture patients. But it has many complications including injury of operators and assistants cause by wire, inflammation of periodontium. For that reasons alternatives are required; osteosynthesis technique using mini plate, intermaxillary fixation using IMF screws have been available. Treatment by arch bar fixation, however, is still valuable to treat craniomaxillary fracture patients. The purpose of this study is to know effect arch bar on periodontium and influence gingival gel on periodontium applied by arch bar. 40 mandibular fracture patients are monitored. 30 patients were applied by arch bar, 10 patients were not. And the former were classified by 3 categories; Nano vitamin and Mastic gel were applied to 10 patients respectively and any gingival gel was not used to 10 patients. Clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and periodontal depth of each group were measured and compared before operation and on 2 weeks and 6 weeks after operation. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze result which leads to this conclusion. 1. Whether arch bar is applied or not, treatment of mandlbular fracture gave rise to gingivitis, but 6 weeks after operation, gingivitis is restored to the same level as the state before operation. 2. More severe gingivitis appeared when arch bar is applied to mandibular fracture than when it is not. 3. Both gingival gel used in this study can reduce gingivitis which can be caused by arch bar. 4. In this study, Mastic gel is more effective for prevent gingival inflammation cause by arch bar than nano vitamin. In regard to this result, gingivitis is considered to be available because it is reversible and does not induce periodontal disease. Gingival gel is regarded to be helpful for patients applied by arch bar to feel less discomfort.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.21 no.5 s.168
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• pp.415-423
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• 1983

A total of 202 full coverage crowns from 31 patients was investigated to find out the relationships between crown contour and gingival response. Every experimental crown has its contralateral natural tooth for its control group. Gingival Index and buccolingual width of the crowns were measured on both experimental and control group. Following conclusions were obtained from the study. 1. Most of the crown restorations were overcontoured and the increments were servere at cervical and height of contour area. 2. Height of contour and contact point of the restored crown were located near cervical area. Besides, most crowns had narrow embrasure with wide contact area. 3. Gingival Index around crown restorations was significantly larger than that of control group. 4. the interrelationship between Gingival Index and restored material or restored period was not verified at 5% significant level. 5. When grouping the artificial crowns into overcontoured, normal contoured, and undercontoured group by their width increment, the gingival inflammation was the severest in the overcontoured group and the mildest in the undercontoured group.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1978

A total of 200 patients, ranging in age from 20 to 60 years, were selected for the study. Each had at least one tooth which was restored with complete cast gold crown and a nonrestored contralateral tooth with no clinical evidence of caries and periodontal disease. The gingival tissues adjacent to the crowned and nonrestored teeth were examined to determine the evaluation of the severity of inflammation and probed to determine individual pocket depth. The findings are listed here. 1. The average sulcus bleeding index of the gingival tissues adjacent to crowned teeth was 1.99. The average sulcus bleeding index of the gingival tissues adjacent to nonrestored teeth was 0.67. 2. The average gingival sulcus depth adjacent to crowned teeth was 2.19mm. The average gingival sulcus depth adjacent to non restored teeth was 1.68mm. 3. No difference could be found between the average gingival sulcus bleeding index and average gingival sulcus depth of male and those of female. 4. The difference between sulcus bleeding index of the gingival tissues adjacent to crowned teeth and sulcus bleeding index of the gingival tissues adjacent to nonrestored teeth increased with increased age of the cast crown.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 2016

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy of a mouthwash containing potassium nitrate ($KNO_3$) as its main component, along with sodium fluoride (NaF) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The primary endpoint was the relief of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) against the cold stimuli. The effects on other DH tests and periodontal inflammation were also evaluated. Methods: We used a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized design. A total of 82 patients with DH (40 in the test group, 42 placebo controls) were analyzed using visual analog scales (VASs) for a cold test, a tactile test, a compressive air test, and self-reported pain during daily activities, as well as clinical parameters including plaque index, gingival index, modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI), gingival recession, and probing depth, which were collected at baseline and after four and six weeks of mouthwash use. Results: VAS scores for cold sensations, tactile sensations, the compressive air test, and self-reported pain significantly decreased from baseline during the six weeks in both groups (P<0.01), and no significant differences between the groups were found. In male patients (10 in the test group and 7 in the control group), both groups showed significant reductions in VAS scores for the cold test over the six weeks, and greater reductions were found in the test group than in the control group between four and six weeks (P=0.01) and between baseline and six weeks (P<0.01). In addition, the mSBI in the test group significantly decreased from baseline during the six weeks (P<0.01), and the changes at four and six weeks from baseline were significantly greater in the test group compared to the control group (P=0.03 and P=0.02, respectively). Conclusions: A mouthwash containing a mixture of $KNO_3$, NaF, and CPC reduced DH and gingival inflammation, however, the efficacy was comparable to the control group.