• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.535-539
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• 2009

The time of seed collection is regarded as one of major concerns to obtain sound seeds. The physical and germinal aspects of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (Taxodiaceae) seeds were analyzed to determine the optimum harvesting time in Korea. Cones were picked every 10 days from the $30^{th}$ of July to the $30^{th}$ of October in both 2005 and 2006. Seeds were collected from picked cones. Seed size and weight were not significant in two consecutive years. The 1,000-seed weight was 3.3 g for cones picked at the $18^{th}$ of August and 5.3 g for cones picked at the $30^{th}$ of September. The size of seeds was increased as the time of collection from the $18^{th}$ of August to the $30^{th}$ of September: from 19.3 mm to 21.3 mm in length and from 15.8 mm to 18.5 mm in width. Average germination rates in 2005 was 18.3% and 19.6% in 2006. The highest germination rate was 34.3% from seeds collected at the $30^{th}$ of September in 2005. In 2006, the highest germination rate was 31.7% for seeds collected at the same date as the 2005 seeds. After the end of September, germination rate was decreased in both years. The results implied that the best cone picking time for Korean C. japonica seeds is around the end of September.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2003

현재 수박접목묘로서 가장 많이 이용되고 있는 박 종자의 발아율을 높이기 위하여 Priming, $GA_3$, 저온의 단일처리 효과와 저온처리 전후에 가하여지는 priming과 $GA_3$ 의 복합처리 효과를 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음 과 같다. $3^{\circ}C$에서 1주간 행하여지는 저온처리, 100 mM $KNO_3$에 1일간 행한 priming, 0.01 mM에 1일간 행한 $GA_3$의 단일처리에 대한 발아율을 조사한 결과 저온처리에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 그러나 발아율은 저온처리 후의 priming 처리는 무처리보다는 낮았고 처리기간이 길어질수록 발아율이 현저히 감소되었다. 저온처리 전에 행한 priming과 $GA_3$ 처리는 저온처리 전의 $GA_3$ 처리에서와 같이 농도와 처리기간에 따른 차이가 없었다. 따라서 박의 종자 발아율 향상을 위한 종자처리로써 여러 개의 단일처리를 조합한 복합처리는 처리조합과 순서에 따라 발아율이 영향을 받는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2022

Background: Ginseng, officially known as Panax ginseng Meyer, has been traditionally used as a medicinal herb, particularly in Asia. Ginseng is propagated from seeds; however, seed germination is challenging, especially in its natural environment on farms. The seeds typically exhibit morphophysiological dormancy and require release from both morphological and physiological dormancy before germination. Although some studies have proposed methods for increasing seed germination rates, the underlying mechanisms of its dormancy release process remain unclear. Here, we investigated metabolic alterations during dehiscence in P. ginseng to determine their potential roles in dormancy release. Methods: We compared the ginseng seed metabolome before and after dehiscence and the ginsenoside and phytosterol compositions of the seeds in both periods in the presence of related enzymes. Results: After seed dehiscence, the sugar, amino acid, and squalene concentrations were significantly altered, phytosterols associated with the stigmasterol biosynthesis pathway were increased, while ginsenoside and brassinosteroid levels were not significantly altered. In addition, squalene epoxidase, cycloartenol synthase, 24-methylenesterol C-methyltransferase, and the stigmasterol biosynthesis pathway were activated. Conclusion: Overall, our findings suggest that morphological activities that facilitate ginseng seed growth are the primary phenomena occurring during the dehiscence process. This study improves the understanding of P. ginseng germination processes and promotes further research of its germination and cultivation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.933-940
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• 2015

토콜즈(tocols) 이성질체 조성이 서로 다른 자포니카와 통일형 품종을 이용하여 저장기간에 따른 지질 관련 품질의 변화를 살펴보았다. 자포니카와 통일형 품종의 현미를 $35^{\circ}C$, 습도 80%에서 8주간 저장하며, 2주 간격으로 품질 변화를 분석한 결과, 자포니카 품종들의 발아율은 저장 초기 98.0%에서 저장 8주 후 22.4%까지 감소한 데 반해, 통일형 품종들은 저장 초기 93.3%에서 8주 후 59.7%로 감소해 통일형 품종의 발아율 감소율이 2배 이상 낮았고, 쌀의 저장 중의 산패 정도를 나타내는 지방산가 또한 통일형 품종에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 발아율 및 지방산가는 쌀의 저장 중 품질 저하를 판단하는 주요 기준이며, 본 실험을 통해 통일형 벼 품종이 자포니카 품종에 비해 저장에 따른 품질 저하 속도가 늦다는 사실을 확인하였다. 통일형 벼는 토코페롤 대비 토코트리에놀 함량이 높고, 특히 지질 안정성 및 지질의 산화 억제 효과가 뛰어난 ${\gamma}$-토코트리에놀의 함량이 높은 지질 특징을 지니고 있어, 벼 저장 중의 지질 산패 지연에 관여하였을 것으로 추측된다. 그러나 벼의 저장성과 관련된 명확한 성분 구명을 위해서는 자포니카와 통일형의 토콜즈(tocols) 조성 혼합물을 이용한 저장 실험이 추가로 수행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권6호
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• pp.871-877
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• 2010

본 연구는 멸종위기에 처한 꼬리겨우살이 종자의 형태적 특징과 발아과정 및 종자발아에 미치는 기주목, 온도, 습도의 영향 및 꼬리겨우살이 종자의 형태적 특징을 관찰하고 일반 겨우살이 종자와의 비교를 위하여 연구를 수행하였다. 꼬리겨우살이 종자발아는 기주목에 접종 1주일 후 원기근을 형성하기 시작하였으며 대부분의 발아조건에서 80~95%의 발아율을 보였다. 종자발아 후 흡기근 침투율은 $20^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 다양한 기주식물 중 신강포플러에서 가장 높은 흡기근 침투율(72%)을 보였으며, 이 외에도 $20^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 산뽕나무, 단풍나무 및 밤나무에서 흡기근 침투율이 각각 57%, 55% 및 42%를 보여 수종과 온도에 따라 흡기근 침투율의 차이가 나타났다. 관수가 없는 조건에서도 종자발아가 진행되었으나 접종 12주 후 꼬리겨우살이 종자와 기주목이 모두 고사하였다. 꼬리겨우살이 종자발아 과정은 원기근 유도${\rightarrow}$흡착기관 발달${\rightarrow}$흡기근 형성 및 침투단계로 총 14주의 기간이 소요되며 꼬리겨우살이가 종자발아를 위해서는 단계별 과정과 긴 기간이 필요한 것으로 보였다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2016

국내에 종자형 품종 개발은 아직 전무한 상태이다. 한국잔디의 종자형 품종 개발은 국내외 잔디산업 발전을 위해서도 매우 중요한 일이다. 한국잔디 자생지인 국내 동,서, 남해안과 내륙지방에서 277 생태형을 수집 하였고, 이중에서 종자를 맺는 102개 수집계통에 대한 종자 수확량과 발아율을 조사하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 종자 수확량은 $0.1{\sim}32.2g\;m^{-2}$의 범위를 보였다. 수확량이 가장 많은 계통은 중엽형인 Z6011로 $32.2g\;m^{-2}$로 나타났다. 수집계통의 발아율은 대부분이 50%이하로 낮게 조사되었다. 발아율이 가장 높은 계통은 78%를 보인 Z2095로 조사되었다. 종자수확량이 높으면서, 발아율이 높은 계통으로는 Z6011, Z6015, Z1075, ZN1008, Z1084 등을 선발하였으며, 대부분 중엽형계통과 Z. japonica 계통이었다. 상기 선발 계통들은 향후 다수확 종자형 품종육성을 위한 유용한 유전자원으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

This study is carried out to make the environmentally affinitive porous planting block for revegetation and to make a effective program for greening plans. The summary is shown below. 1. In order to get stronger intensity and distribute proper porosity in the block for planting, the cements mixed with fine soil were used and the finer in soil grains gives the stronger in intensity of the cements. Use of the furnace slag cements instead of the portland cements showed relatively stronger in intensity of the block. The intensity of the block became stronger when the mixed ratio of the cements to soil is 5 : 1, but the pore space ratio was lower. The percolate pH of the portland cements after one month of treatment was 13.1 but the percolate pH of the furnace slag cements was shown lower. To mold proper porous planting blocks, the proper combination of additives such as the dehydrating agent, elastic agent and adhesives into the mixture of cements and soil gives better effectives. 2. After molding the porous planting blocks, it gave a better result when the grains of the filler made of peat moss, upland soil and compound fertilizer were smaller than 2 mm in size. Shaking of the filling materials also gave the better result, but it took more time and cost much more. Therefore, it was better when the filling materials were mixed with water first then flew down for stuffing. 3. It was necessary to cover with soil after seeding or planting on the porous planting blocks. The proper thickness of the soil to help root development and keep moisture is about 3~5 cm. 4. The plants for planting on the porous planting block were required stronger in the growth condition of their roots and their environmental adaptability. The average germination percentage and rate of Platycodon grandiflorum on the porous planting block were 88.8% and 85% accordingly and their rate is very uniform. The germination rates of Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus and Taraxacum officinale were more than 50%. These grass species, Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum, Lysimachia mauritiana and Scabiosa mansenensis were the suggested biennial grasses in the planting area where exchanging of the seedling or nursery plants was not necessary because their germination rates were 59.3, 45.6 and 40.3% accordingly. Viola kapsanensis, Chrysanthemum sp., Taraxacum sp. and Iris ensata var. spontanea are the grass species that could be used by seeding for greening. However, the germination rate of Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica, Aster scaber and Lythrum anceps were lower than 10%. The coverage ratio of Ixeris stolonifera is more than 80% after 60 days seeding and the root length of most of species are more than 10 cm except Iris ensata var. spontanea and Platycodon grandiflorum because their root developed thicker than other species.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권3호
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• pp.290-295
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• 2019

본 연구는 멸종위기야생식물 II급인 한라송이풀(Pedicularis hallaisanensis)을 대상으로 종자를 통한 번식체계 확립 가능성을 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. 한라송이풀의 종자 형태는 난형이고, 종피는 진갈색을 띠고 있다. 종자의 단면을 잘라 확인한 배는 왜소형(Dwarf type)이었다. 종자의 길이는 평균(${\pm}$표준편차) $0.47{\pm}0.07mm$이고, 너비는 $0.16{\pm}0.006mm$, 두께는 $0.12{\pm}0.01mm$로 나타났다. 종자 1립의 무게는 $0.0003{\pm}0.0001mg$이며, 천립중은 $4.59{\pm}0.02mg$으로 나타났다. Tetrazolium (TZ) 검정에 의한 한라송이풀 종자의 활력도는 75.33%로 나타났다. 한라송이풀을 4주간 $4^{\circ}C$에 저장한 후의 발아율은 71%로 가장 높았고, 6주간 처리 64%, 8주간 처리 60%로 나타나 저장 기간이 증가할수록 발아율은 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 한라송이풀 종자에 영향을 미치는 숙주식물의 영향은 쑥에서 파종 후 53.5일에, 구절초는 62.5일에 최초로 발아를 하였다. 두 숙주식물에서 164일 이후에는 발아한 종자를 확인하지 못하였다. 쑥을 사용한 경우, 한라송이풀의 발아율은 평균 45.5%, 구절초는 19.5%로 나타났다. 평균 발아일수는 쑥에서 70.2일, 구절초에서는 46.8일로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.225-236
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• 1990

We studied that seeds of wild radish with different size of weight can be obtained for the purpose of differentiation and growth of these seeds by total growth periods. This study is practised a view of plant eco-physiological side and dry-matter production. Through whole growth periods, we knowthat seed weight of L plots was higher than that of M and S plots. In the 33th day after day after germination, growth values of L, M and S plots were 13.93, 7.77, and 4.61 g/plant, respectively. Growth of shoot (cotyledon and leaf) area and shoot weight were shown the similar trends with individual plant dry-amtter weight. In the 33th day after germination, shoot area of L, M and S plots were 21.55, 11.81 and 8.75 $cm^3$/plant and shoot dry weight of L, M and S plots were 10.83, 6.03, 3.50 g/plant, respectively. In the early stage of growth (the 10-14th day after germination), the values of RGR of seed weight of L, M, S plots were 0.2887, 0.2807 and 0.2365 g/g/day, in the late stage of growth, those values of RGR of L, M, S plote were 0.2721, 0.1716, 0.1727 g/g/day, respectively. In the early stage of growth (the 14th day after germination), the values of NAR or L, M and S plots were 0.1513, 0.1373, and 0.1094 g/$cm^2$/day, respectively. It is thought that seed weights were influenced seriously effect in the early stage of growth. The NAR value, in the late stage of growth (the-28-33th day after germination), of L, M and S plots were not large different as 0.1086, 0.1097 and 0.112 g/$cm^2$/day, respectively. The LAR values of M and S (2.0396, 2.1520 $m^2$/g) plots, in the early stage of growth, were higher than L (1.9037 $m^2$/g) plots. In the late stage of growth, the value of LAR of L plots were nearly same as M plots, but the value of S plots were higher than that of L and M plots (0.0458 $m^2$/g). And, in the early stage of growth, the values of SLA of L, M and S plots were 2.2123, 2.2107 and 2.8448 $m^2$/g, respectively. We measured the photosynthetic rates and the respiratory rates as the physiological characteristics of wild radish. In the early stage of growth, the photosynthetic rates of L, M and S plots were 12.4, 14.4, 9.8 $\mu$mol /$m^2$/sec and 9.4, 11.4, 9.8 $\mu$mol/$m^2$ /sec in the late stage of growth, respectively. In this result, it could be informed that photosynthetic rates in the late stage of growth were lower than the early stage. In the middle stage of growth, the respiratory rates were 0.793, $\mu$mol/$m^2$/min in shoot, and 3.28 $\mu$mol/$m^2$/min in root without relation to seed weight. The growth analysis of plants was used by Hunt & Parson s computer program (1974, 1981) and its results used this program were good. Therefore, in this sense, it could be expected that the computer program used and developed largely in researches of plant growth.

• ALGAE
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2007

Seagrass bed is an important component in coastal and estuarine ecosystems, providing food and habitats to a wide variety of marine organisms. Recently, seagrass coverage has declined significantly due to anthropogenic impacts such as cultural eutrophication and reclamation, and thus efforts are under way to prevent further losses and restore disturbed seagrass habitats worldwide. Seagrass transplantation techniques for habitat restoration include vegetative and seed-based methods. Seagrass seeds can be collected easily, and sowing seeds is an economically effective method for large-scale restoration. However, large numbers of seed can be lost by seed predation and physical disturbance in the planting areas. In the present study, Zostera marina seeds were coated with loess to reduce seed loss by predation and sweeping away by the water currents, and germination rates of coated seeds and seedling growth were examined to assess the feasibility of the seed-coating method for large-scale restoration. Germination rate of the coated seeds with loess was significantly higher than that of the uncoated seeds. Additionally, seedling growths were not significantly different between the coated and the uncoated seeds. These results suggest that coating of eelgrass seeds with loess enhances success of seed germintion with no harmful effects on seedling growth. Therefore, the seed coating method using loess may be an effective and applicable seedbased transplanting technique for large-scale restoration.