• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2009

Research was initiated to investigate early establislment characteristics and germination pattern of perennial ryegrass (PR, Lolium perenne L.). Eight varieties of PR were evaluated in the study. An alternative environmental condition for a PR germination test required by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in the experiment, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$ (ISTA conditions). Daily and cumulative germination pattern were measured and analyzed daily for 30 days. Significant differences were observed in germination pattern, days to the first germination, days to 50% germination, days to 75% germination, and final germination rate. Germination rates were variable among the varieties, being 66.00 to 93.75% at the end of study. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics and germination pattern among PR varieties. The first germination in all entries tested was initiated from 3 to 5 DAS (days after seeding) under ISTA conditions, being 2 days in differences among the varieties. It was 4 to 7 DAS in days to the 50% germination, being 1 to 3 days later from the first germination and three days were variable among them. Days to the 75% germination were 5.93 to 10.50 DAS under ISTA conditions, being 4.57 days in variety differences. Pennant II and Brightstar II were the fastest varieties. The slowest ones were Revenge GLX and Brightstar SLT. Considering days to the first germination, days to 75% germination, and germination pattern etc, Pennant II and Brightstar II were regarded as excellent varieties under ISTA conditions. From tills study, information on differences in germination characteristics and pattern would be usefully applied for golf course design and construction, when established with PR.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2014

Research was initiated to investigate early establishment characteristics and germination pattern of Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.) under natural room temperature and to analyze differences between alternative and natural conditions for a practical application. Fifteen cultivars of KB were evaluated in the study. Daily and cumulative germination pattern were measured and analyzed on a daily basis. Differences were observed in germination percentage, germination pattern, days to the first germination and days to 75% germination. Germination percentage was variable with cultivars at the end of study. It was 75.75 to 90.25% under natural condition. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics and germination pattern among KB cultivars according to germination conditions. The first germination in all entries tested was initiated between 6 and 9 DAS (days after seeding) under ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) condition. But it was observed between 9 and 12 DAS under natural condition, being 3 to 5 days later as compared with ISTA condition. On the first date of a germinating process, the germination rate was 0.25% to 25.00% under ISTA condition, while 0.50% to 13.25% under natural condition. Days to the 75% germination were 15.08 to 28.80 DAS under ISTA condition and 17.78 to 28.75 DAS under natural condition. Midnight II, Excursion and Midnight were the fastest cultivars under ISTA condition, while Odyssey the fastest one under natural condition. Regardless of germination condition, the slowest cultivar was Voyager II, being over 4 weeks to 75% germination percentage. For the most cultivars, days to 75% germination under natural room temperature condition were 1 to 8 days slower than under ISTA condition. From this study information on differences in germination characteristics and pattern among cultivars would be usefully applied for KB establishment such as golf course construction. Prior to on-site seeding, a comprehensive germination test is practically recommended due to a possible decline in germination capability during domestic distribution and storage after import.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.30-41
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• 2010

Research was initiated to investigate germination characteristics and germination pattern of creeping bentgrass (CB, Agrostis palustris Huds.). Seven varieties of CB were evaluated in the study. An alternative condition for a CB germination test required by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in the experiment, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$ (ISTA conditions). Daily and cumulative germination patterns were measured and analyzed on a daily basis. Significant differences were observed in germination pattern, days to the first germination, days to 50% germination, days to 85% germination, and germination percentage. Germination rates were different among the treatments at the end of study. There were significantly considerable variations in early germination characteristics and germination pattern among CB varieties. The first germination in all entries was initiated between 4 and 5 DAS (days after seeding) under ISTA conditions. Generally, the first germination percentage was 5 to 25%. However, such Penn-series varieties as Penn A-1, Penn A-4 and Penncross were much more vigorous over others, resulting in 50 to 75% in the first germination percentage. It took 4 to 10 DAS in reaching to days to the 50% germination, being 5 days in difference among the varieties. Days to the 85% germination were 5.90 to 11.75 DAS under ISTA conditions, being 5.85 days in variety difference. It means 1 to 2 days after days to 50% germination. Penn A-1 was the fastest variety, while T-1 the slowest one. Considering days to the first germination, days to 85% germination, and germination pattern etc, Penn A-1, Penn A-4, Penncross and L-93 were regarded as excellent varieties under ISTA conditions. From this study, in-depth information on germination characteristics and pattern would be usefully applied for golf course design and construction, when established with CB.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

본 실험은 자연실온 환경에서 세엽형 훼스큐 초종 간 초기 발아특성 및 발아패턴을 조사하고 변온 및 자연실온에서의 그 차이점을 비교 분석해서 실무 시공에 응용할 수 있는 기초자료를 파악하고자 시작하였다. 공시재료는 츄잉스 훼스큐(CF), 크리핑 레드 훼스큐(CRF), 하드 훼스큐(HF) 및 쉽 훼스큐(SF)에서 선정한 6품종 이었으며, 일일 발아패턴 및 누적 발아패턴을 1일 간격으로 조사하였다. 화인 훼스큐 종자의 발아율, 발아패턴 및 발아 특성은 생육환경, 초종 및 품종에 따라 유의한 차이가 크게 나타났다. 자연실온에서 발아력은 ISTA 변온과 다르게 나타났고 최종 발아율은 29.7~80.0% 사이로 다양하였다. 발아패턴은 최초 발아의 경우 ISTA 변온에 비해 3~4일 늦은 치상 후 8~10일 사이에 시작되었다. 발아율 50% 도달한 기간은 최초 발아 후 2~5일 경과 후인 치상 후 11~14일 사이로 ISTA 변온에 비해 3~4일 정도 늦게 나타났다. 또한 실무적으로 요구되는 발아율 60% 도달기간은 ISTA 변온에 비해 초종에 따라 3.0~4.2일 정도 늦은 치상 후 12.1~19.0일 사이로 나타났다. 공시 초종 중 60% 발아율 도달 기간이 가장 빠른 품종은 CF 'Jamestown II' 품종이었고, 반대로 가장 느린 종류는 CRF 'Audubon' 품종이었다. 자연실온 환경에서 화인 훼스큐 초종 간 조성 속도는 CRF < SF < HF < CF 순서로 나타났다. 본 실험을 통해 밝혀진 초종 및 품종 간 이러한 생리생태적 특성 차이 및 비교 자료는 골프장 등 잔디밭 조성 시 실무적인 기초 자료로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.70-76
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• 1990

The present study elucidates the effect of drught by polyethylene glycol solution on germination of five temperate and two tropical grasses. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The germination percentage of seven grasses decreased with increasing concentration of polythylene glycol. 2. The germination pattern hi higher concentration of polyethylene glycol showed similar trends to the emergence pattern under drought stress in soil condition. 3. The treatment of 30g is most useful at this study. Therefore, polythlene glycol was the appropriate to creat the drought condition of soil.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2014

본 연구는 켄터키 블루그래스의 발아특성 및 발아패턴을 파악하고자 시작하였다. 공시재료는 국내에서 최근 많이 이용되고 있는 15 종류의 신품종을 이용하였으며, 발아실험은 변온조건에서 수행하였다. 켄터키 블루그래스 종자의 발아율, 발아패턴 및 발아특성은 품종에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 최종 발아율은 75.25-89.50% 사이로 품종 간 최대 14.25% 정도 차이가 나타났다. 켄터키 블루그래스는 치상 후 6-9일 사이에 발아가 시작되었으며 품종 간 최대 3일 정도의 차이가 나타났다. 최초 발아율은 0.25-23.00% 사이로 품종 간 차이가 컸지만, 대부분 5%이내였다. 하지만 'Brilliant' 및 'Midnight II' 품종은 각각 14.50% 및 23.00%로 최초 발아율이 대단히 왕성한 품종이었다. 켄터키 블루그래스 종자의 기준 발아율인 75% 도달기간은 치상 후 15.08-28.80일 사이였다. 기준발아율 도달기간이 가장 빠른 종류는 'Excursion', 'Midnight II', 'Odyssey', 'Midnight' 및 'Courtyard' 품종이었고, 가장 느린 품종은 28.80일로 나타난 'Voyager II' 품종이었다. 'Voyager II' 품종의 발아 특성은 가장 우수한 품종군에 비해 각각 13-14일 정도 느린 것이었다. 종합적으로 발아특성 및 발아패턴의 결과를 고려할 때 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' 및 'Midnight' 품종이 가장 우수한 것으로 판단되었으며, 품종 간 이러한 발아특성 비교 데이터는 골프장 등 잔디밭 조성 시 실무적인 기초 자료로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2018

Research was initiated to investigate germination characteristics and germination pattern of 14 herbaceous plant entries used on the road slope during 30 days. An alternative germination condition for 14 herbaceous plant entries required by International Seed Testing Association(ISTA) was applied in the experiment, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$. Significant differences were observed in the first germination rate(0.3%~40.7%)and in the final germination rate(7.7%~93.3%). Days to the first germination(2~8days), days to the 30% germination(2~6days) and days to the peak germination(6~18days) were different among 14 herbaceous plant entries in the study. From this result, we could find out higher final germination rate of 14 herbaceous plant entries in the following order; First, forage crops and cool-season turfgrasses; Second, herbeceous flowers; Third, wild plants. We could also divide germination rate among 14 herbaceous plant entries as 6 groups(I;very high, II;high, III;medium high, IV;medium low, V;low, VI;very low) based on the final germination rate and divide germination speed as 5 groups(A;very fast, B;fast, C;normal, D;slow, E;very slow)based on days to the peak germination. Considering germination characteristics and pattern of 14 herbaceous plant entries Medicago sativa, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea and Cosmos sulphureus were regard as dominating species while Lespedeza cuneata, Silene armeria, Lotus corniculatus var.japonicus, Coreopsis tinctoria and Centaurea cyanus as competitive species following dominating species. However, Chrysanthemum burbankii, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Chrysanthemum boreale., Artemisia princeps var. orientalis and Arundinella hirta were not almost expected to emerge.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 1977

본 실험은 대두(大豆)의 발아(發芽)에 따른 trypsin inhibitor activity(TIA)와 protein pattern의 변화에 관하여 조사함과 아울러 그 상관관계를 살퍼보기위한 목적으로 시도되었다. 자엽의 TIA는 발아(發芽)과정중(中) 조금 감소하였고, 배축에서는 급격히 감소해서 발아(發芽) 제 7일에는 제2일의 50%이하로 줄었다. 그리고 발아(發芽) 제 2,3,4일의 defatted dry sample에서 배축은 자엽보다 더 높은 TUI를 보여줬으며 배축의 수분함량이 자엽에 비해 높으므로 fresh sample당(當) TIA는 자엽보다 더 낮았다. 그리고 protein pattern은 자엽과 배축에 있어서 분자량이 큰 15S등의 polymer (band 1), 11S (band 2) 그리고 7S (band 3)가 감소했고 Rm치(値) 자엽의 band 5를 비롯하여 $0.5{\sim}1.0$사이에 높은 mobility를 가진 물질들이 생성(生成)되었다. 자엽의 band 4와 배축의 band 6은 거의 변하지 않았다. 그리고 발아에 따라 TIA의 감소와 저 장단백질의 감소는 있었으나 그 감소량이 서로 일치하지는 않았다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.485-499
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• 1994

This study was focused on the effect of the altitude on the geographical variations of germination characteristics in the populations of Plantago asiatica L. distribute in Mt. Chiri. There was a significant difference among the 14 groups in the phenological pattern in relation to altitudes. When the altitude becomes higher, the thermal time which was required for 10 to 80% germination rate showed higher and wider distribution. On the other hand, the germination response of increasing temperature (IT) and secreasing temperature (DT) regime was classified into 3 group. The first group was the spering germination type. This group showed that the IT regime hadhigher germination rate than that of the DT regime, and was distributed in Macheon(300m) and Packmudong (500m). The second was the spring-fall germination type which was distributed in Hadong (900m) and Saemt대 (1100m). This group also showed higher germination rate in the IT regime, but the difference of the germination rate between IT and DT regime was less than that in the first group (the spring type). The third group was the early fall germination type which was found in the Nogodan (1507m), Changetomok (1750m) and Cheonwangbong (1915m). The germination rate of this group showed almost 100% similarity between IT and DT regime. These data suggested that the geographical varations of germination characteristics within species was an important ecological strategy for the survival from severe environmental conditions.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.567-573
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• 2010

본 연구는 세엽형 훼스큐 초종 간 초기 발아특성 및 발아 패턴을 파악하고자 시작하였다. 공시재료는 CF, CRF, HF 및 SF 4종류에서 선정한 6품종을 이용하였다. 발아실험은 국제종자검정협회 요구 조건인 ISTA 변온조건에서 수행하였으며 조사는 치상 후 1일 간격으로 일일 발아율 및 누적 발아율 데이터를 분석하였다. ISTA 변온환경에서 세엽형 훼스큐 종자의 발아력, 발아특성 및 발아패턴은 초종 및 품종에 따라 차이가 유의하게 나타났다. 종자 발아력은 품종에 따라 40.25-82.00% 사이로 다양하게 나타났다. 공시 초종의 발아패턴 경향은 CF, CRF 및 SF는 치상 후 5-6일 사이에 최초 발아가 시작되었다. 하지만 HF는 1일 늦은 치상 후 6-7일 사이에 최초 발아가 시작되어 초종에 따라 1일간 차이가 있었다. 세엽형 훼스큐 초종이 발아율 50%에 도달한 기간은 최초 발아 후 2-4일 경과 후 인 치상 후 8-10일 사이로 초종 간 2일 정도의 차이가 있었다. 또한 실무적으로 필요한 발아율 60% 도달기간은 초종에 따라 치상 후 최소 9.10일에서 최대 14.80일 사이로 초종 간 발아속도 차이가 5.70일로 나타났다. 공시 초종 중 60% 발아율 도달 기간이 가장 빠른 품종은 CF 'Jamestown II', CF 'Shadow II' 및 HF 'Aurora Gold' 품종이었고, 반대로 가장 느린 종류는 HF 'Rescue 911' 품종이었다. 그리고 ISTA 변온환경에서 세엽형 훼스큐 초종 간 조성 속도는 CRF < SF < HF < CF 순서로 빠른 것으로 판단되었다. 이러한 초종 및 품종 간 특성 비교 데이터는 골프장 등 잔디밭 시공 시 실무적인 기초 자료로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.