• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.584-591
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• 2009

Adventitious root culture was established in the Jawahar variety of Withania somnifera using MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 (mg/l) IAA and 2.0 (mg/l) IBA. Root tips from germinated seedlings, MS0 maintained plants and adventitious roots were maintained in suspension medium (1/2 MS basal medium supplemented with 3% sucrose) for a period of 1 to 6 months. The weight gain in roots was noted and the withanolides were extracted from the dry roots using solvents petroleum ether, 50% ethanol and chloroform. The withanolides in the chloroform fractions of all root samples analyzed were compared using thin layer chromatographic analysis. Withanolide content in adventitious root sample was found to be superior compared to other roots at any given point of time during the 6month growth period.HPLC analysis of in vitro adventitious roots showed the presence of a new compound.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2003

This paper reported the establishment of mass production system of adventitious roots of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus through the shake flask and bio-reactor culture. Induction of adventitious roots was started from the explants of germinated somatic embryos on half-strength Murashing and Skoog (MS) solid medium. The frequency of adventitious root formation was better in the explants comprising the basal hypocotyl parts than root explants alone. Among the different auxins tested (NAA, IBA and IAA), frequency of adventitious root induction was highest on medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA, and produced $16.3\pm1.9$ roots per explant. In shake-flask culture, deletion of $NH_4NO_3$ of MS medium was effective for induction of adventitious root compared with both full and half-strength MS media. Fresh weight increase of induced adventitious roots was performed well in medium with 0.5 mg/L IBA. When adventitious roots produced in shake-flask culture were transferred to 10-liter bioreactor, 5.5 times of fresh weight increase was gained after one month of culture. HPLC analysis revealed that the amount of eleutheroside E and E1 was higher in in vitro cultured adventitious roots than the 3 year-old field cultivated root barks of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus. The content of eltutheroside B was much lower in adventitious roots than that of field cultivated one.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2007

Zygotic embryos just after harvest of seeds were immature globular to heart stage. Maturation of zygotic embryos rapidly proceed when zygotic embryos together with small excised parts of endosperm were cultured on 1/3-strength MS solid medium with 2% sucrose, and the zygotic embryos were germinated within two months. Embryogenic callus was formed from the excised segments of germinating zygotic embryos of Eleutherococcus pedunclus on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with $4.5{\mu}M$ 2,4-D. The embryogenic callus formation occurred at a low frequency (less than 7%) from hypocotyl segments. The embryogenic calli were maintained on the same medium as primary medium. High frequency somatic embryogenesis was obtained after the cells were transferred to medium lacking 2,4-D. Cotyledonary embryos were germinated and converted into plantlets on medium with $20{\mu}M$ $GA_3$. Embryogenic callus and somatic embryos were produced spontaneously on the surfaces of roots and/or hypocotyls of plantlets. The frequency of embryogenic callus formation was 85% in roots and 34% in hypocotyls. Therefore maintain of cell lines performed very easily. Plantlets with developed epicotyls at more than 3 cm acclimatized at high frequency (89%). While plantlets with small epicotyls (less than 1 cm) were acclimatized at low rate (32%). The soil survived plantlets produced new sprouts after over wintering in the field.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2014

An efficient in vitro protocol has been established for somatic embryogenesis and plantlet conversion of Korean wild ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer). Wild-type and mutant adventitious roots derived from the ginseng produced calluses on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.3 mg/L kinetin; 53.3% of the explants formed callus. Embryogenic callus proliferation and somatic embryo induction occurred on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The induced somatic embryos further developed to maturity on MS medium with 5 mg/L gibberellic acid, and 85% of them germinated. The germinated embryos were developed to shoots and elongated on MS medium with 5 mg/L gibberellic acid. The shoots developed into plants with well-developed taproots on one-third strength Schenk and Hildebrandt basal medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. When the plants were transferred to soil, about 30% of the regenerated plants developed into normal plants.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.601-606
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• 2023

식용 감미료 아스파탐은 아미노산 중 하나인 아스파라긴과 페닐알라닌의 합성으로 형성된 것이다. 자당보다 200배 높은 단맛을 내는 단백질 성분으로 당 대체할 수 있는 물질이기에 다이어트 제품으로 사용된다. 동물과 인체에 끼치는 영향에 관한 연구는 잘 되어있지만, 식물 대사에 관한 연구는 된 적이 없다. 본 연구에서 발아된 양파, 콩나물, 칼란코에를 재료로 아스파탐 물질대사 영향을 실험하였다. 발아된 뿌리를 가진 3종류 식물은 1mM 아스파탐을 처리한 초기에는 급속히 성장하는 효과를 나타내어 구성 성분인 아미노산 영향으로 영양분 공급 효과를 보인다. 하지만 4주 동안 처리될 때 측근과 유사한 돌기 증상이 양파에서 목질화된 형태로 나타나고, 빨리 시들은 효과가 콩나물에서 보이며, 뿌리의 노화현상이 12주 된 칼란코에에서 나타난다, 모두 성장 단계를 지나서는 노화 촉진 현상을 보인다. 이것은 구성 성분인 두 종류 아미노산 중에 아스파라긴은 급성장을 유도하는 옥신 발생과 관계가 있다고 보여 주고, 페닐알라닌 효과로 목질화 현상이 나타나는 결과로 생각하여진다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 1985

The results of the conducted experiment obtained basic data on seed germination for Phragmites communis and Atriplex gmelini were; Seed germination was not influenced till 0.5% NaCl, but at over 1.0% NaCl it dropped remarkably. The germination limit fro degree of NaCl was 2.0% in Phragmites communis. Atriplex gemelini was 2.5% and in accordance with the increase of the degree of NaCl. Germination speed showed a negative correlation being highly significant and the germination period lengthened. Compared with growing top plants, growth of roots was largely influenced by a high degree of NaCl. In accordance with the rise of temperature, the germination rate, and speed of both plants remarkably increased and the germination period was shortened. Ubride of Atriplex gmelini was germinated at the early days of picking but was not as the passing of the period. The seeds also did not germinated likewise Ubride. By a seedcoat breaking germination became 81%. During 20 min soaking treatment in conc H2SO4 seed germination possibility of 63% was known to be hard. Adequate soaking time in conc H2SO4 was 17.5 min.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 1994

대두(Glycine max L) 자엽의 발아 정도에 따른 부정근 형성능과 자엽 절편의 부정근 형성 배지 처리 시간에 따른 부정근 형성 정도를 조사하였으며 부정근 형성과 관계 있는 발아 및 부정근 유기시의 단백질 변화 양상을 2차원 전기영동법으로 조사하였다. 발아된 자엽의 부정근 형성능은 발아 4일 이후에 높았으며 부정근 형성 배지에서의 부정근 형성은 처리 4일 이후부터 형성되어 6일 이상 처리한 것이 가장 부정근 형성이 높았다. 또한 부정근 형성과 관계 있는 단백질 34개의 단백질 spot를 얻었는데 부정근 형성을 위한 발아 자엽의 주요 단백질은 염기성 단백질 27d이었다. 그리고 부정근 유기시 생성되는 단백질은 염기성의 길 kD, 23 kD 및 33 kD였으며 산성의 27 kD와 29 kD이었다.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1993년도 제7회 식물생명공학 심포지움 식물 세포 분화의 분자적 접근 Seventh Symposium on Plant Biotechnology -Approach to Plant Cell Differentiation-
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• pp.1-36
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• 1993

It is possible to regenerate plants from calli, single cells and protoplasts of numerous species via organogenasis or embryogenesis in cell and tissue culture systems. Also such regeneration of plants can directly occur from cells of explants. However certain plant species has not been yet provided cultures suitable for plant regeneration from cells or tissues. For example, we have to confirm the regenerability of plant from cells before preparing transformed cells for application. Even more, it is very important to notice that regenerated plants in cell and tissue cultures often show structural abnormality. The mojority of those plants is functionally disordered and eventually cases degenerated. One of such examples is vitreous plants which are manifested mainly in the leaves and manifesteds to a lesser extent in the stems and roots. Regenerants in suspension cultures show more frequent vitrification than on gelled media so that relative humidity and water potential are the key factors involved in abnormal morphogenesis in vitro. The other is that somatic embryos formed in media containing BAP or high concentration of sucrose show frequently cotyledon aberrancy such as polycotyledon and born type cotyledon. The embryos with aberrant cotyledon of Codonopsis lanceolata could not germinate or regenerate into plants in many cases. In contrast, the polycotyledon embryos of Aralia cordata germinated in higher percentage than two cotyledonary embryos, but horn type cotyledonary embryos rarely germinated. The major cause of poor germination is the abnormal development of plumule apex meristem.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.37-37
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• 2018

We use two different methods for laboratory propagation from seed of lady's slipper orchid(Cypripedium macranthos Sw.); immature seed which also called green capsule or fully mature seed about 120~130 days from pollination. In green capsule culture, the seed pods should be collected within precisely right time. The right time of seed collection could be diverse under the wether conditions or nutritional factors of the plants. In fully matured seed culture, the more complicated procedures are needed to break the dormancy of the seed; thermal or chemical treatment. The seedlings in this study were easily germinated from immature seeds in Harvais medium; 53 days after pollination(DAP) in Cypripedium pubescens, DAP 65 in C. parviflorum and C. macranthos. The germinated seedlings were transplanted to hormone free media immediately to avoid abnormal growth of seedlings. When the seedlings have roots with a minimum length of around 2-3cm and have visible dormant buds, the seedlings were removed from the flask and stored in refrigerator for vernalization. To examine the correlation of seedlings and maternal plants, the 125 seedlings of C. macranthos were transplanted in the soil bed at a distance of 20-100 cm from mother plants on April 20. The survival rate of seedlings were 92% in 20 cm distance from the ripe plants, and 56 % in 100 cm distance. The seedlings which were transplanted near mother plants showed vigorous growth in plant height, leaf width, and especially dormant buds. Considering the existence of mycorrhiza which is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a orchid vascular, the various fungus from mother plants could affect the growth of the seedlings. These results indicate the possibility of high and stable production and practical industrialization of endangered lady's slipper orchids.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.8-17
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• 1968

A grafting method, cleft grafting of ordinary dormant scion into an inverted radicle of a germinated seed was tested with good success for chestnut as well as for walnut trees. It was seen that verticilate roots which were produced from the cut and of radicle after grafting made a complete union with scion and made healthy development to produce a successful graft. The radicle before secondary rootlets emerged from its rooting zone was proved to be best stock for inverted radicle grafting. The dormant but was also used for grafting scion with success in this method. Though green house grafting gives higher survival, field grafting was also feasible by this method. Those early growing geason after grafting, the later development of root system and the shoot of the graft were to be studied in the future.