• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.613-616
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• 2011

A 5-year-old male German shepherd dog was presented with a 4 day-history of anorexia and depression. Abdominal radiographs showed a large soft tissue mass and loss of serosal detail. Ultrasonographs revealed splenomegaly with the lacy pattern parenchyma, perivenous hyperechoic region at the splenic hilum, and loss of splenic venous flow. Computed tomographic findings included the enlarged non-enhanced spleen except perivenous region at the splenic hilum and a whirled soft tissue mass at the splenic hilum. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of splenic torsion. Ultrasonographic findings including lacy appearance, hyperechoic perivenous echogenicity and absence of splenic blood flow and CT findings including no or minimal enhancement of the spleen and a whirled appearance of splenic pedicle could be useful for diagnosing isolated splenic torsion in the dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.392-395
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• 2005

A three-year old intact female German shepherd dog weighing 32kg was presented with the history of regurgitation and vomiting. Physical examination revealed a thin body condition, hoarse voice, hypersalivation, and pelvic limb weakness. In radiograph, meagaesophagus was identified. The neostigmine challenge test was positive. The titer of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody was 1.58 nmol/L (reference range, <0.6nmol). Therefore, the dog was diagnosed to be suffering with chronic generalized form of acquired myasthenia gravis and followed by treatment with pyridostigmine bromide, 1mg/kg, q12 hrs. Treatment improved the pelvic limb weakness, however intermittent regurgitation and vomiting persisted. This resulted in aspiration pneumonia f3r which antibiotics were administered However, the dog was euthanized due to poor management and owner's request.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.383-390
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of tear staining syndrome in poodle dogs. Schirmer tear test, fluorescein dye test and measurement of the angle of bend between vertical and horizontal bony nasolacrimal duct were conducted in both poodles and German shepherd dogs. There were no significant differences between normal and tear-stained poodles in tear formation determined by Schimer tear test. However, there was significantly higher tear production in German shepherds than that in normal poodles(p<0.05). In the fluorescein dye test for the measurement of tear excretion, the dye was observed within $14.5{\pm}6.5$ minutes after dropping of the dye in normal poodles, but was not observed even over 30 minutes in tear-stained poodles. German shepherds had rather rapid passage time($0.4{\pm}0.3$ minutes) than poodles in the dye excretion. In the measurement of the angle of bend between vertical and horizontal bony nasolacrimal duct through dacryocystorhinography, there were no significant differences between normal tear-stained poodles with showing $85.0{\pm}6.8^{\circ}$ and $89.8{\pm}6.5^{\circ}$, respectively. However, obtuse angle of bend($106.8{\pm}4.7^{\circ}$) was shown in German shepherds. These results have ascertained that tear staining syndrome of poodle dogs was not related to tear production but to the rate of tear excretion.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.204-210
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• 2011

The presence of the tick-borne pathogens Ehrlichia and Borrelia in German Shepherd dogs in Korea was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 291 dogs were randomly selected from five Korean provinces from October 2005 through September 2006. The seroprevalence of antibodies to canine Ehrlichia and Borrelia agents detected by ELISA (Snap$^{(R)}$ 3Dx$^{(R)}$ Test, IDEXX Laboratories) was 7.56% (22 dogs) and 1.72% (5 dogs) respectively, throughout the country. Positive antibodies against both pathogens were detected in two dogs (0.69%). The provincial distribution of seroprevalence against Ehrlichia was 1.28% (1 of 78) in Gyeonggi-do, 12.64% (11 of 87) in Gangwon-do, 9.76% (4 of 41) in Chungcheong-do, 8.93% (5 of 56) in Gyeongsang-do, and 3.45% (1 of 29) in Jeolla-do. According to PCR analysis, Ehrlichia chaffeensis target DNA was amplified in 3.09% (9 of 291 dogs) of blood samples, 2.41% (7 of 291) from Gangwon-do and 0.69% (2 of 291) from Chungcheong-do. The oligonucleotide sequences (SNU-EC3 and SNU-EC5) from the PCR fragment examined in Korea were closely related to E. chaffeensis isolated from the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis, in China and the state of Arkansas in the US. Based on these results, the presence of E. chaffeensis infection was identified in German Shepherds being bred in Korea. These results bring to light the importance of paying close attention to tick-borne infections such as Lyme disease during clinical diagnosis. This infectious disease should be included as a differential diagnosis for patients who participate in outdoor activity from spring to fall or who have thrombocytopenia or leucopenia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.487-492
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• 1994

The study was conducted to investigate the phenotypes of blood proteins, hemoglobin and albumin, of 104 German shepherds in Dag-gu, Yae-chum Kim-hae and Kwang-ju area by the starch gel electrophoresis. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The hemoglobin phenotypes were observed three(HbBB, HbBb and Hbbb). Fast migrating bands were same and slow migrating bands were divided by heavy(HbBB), light(HbBb) and non-stained(Hbbb). The frequencies of appearance in HbBB, HbBb and Hbbb were 17.31%, 51.92% and 30.77%, respectively. 2. The hemoglobin phenotypes were controlled by two allelic genes, $Hb^b$ and $Hb^B$. The gene frequencies were calculated at 0.567 in $Hb^B$ and 0.433 in $Hb^A$. 3. The albumin phenotypes were observed three(AlbFF, AlbSS and and AlbFS), which were divided by fast migrating band(AlbFF), slow migrating band(AlbSS) and mixed migrating band(AlbFS). The frequencies of appearance in AlbFF, AlbFS and AlbSS were 5.77%, 28.85% and 65.38%, respectively. 4. The albumin phenotypes were controlled by two alleic genes, $Alb^F$ and $Alb^S$. The gene frequencies were calculated at 0.202 in $Alb^F$ and 0.798 in $Alb^S$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.517-520
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• 2003

Prevalence of microfilariae, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides from 506 German Shepherd dogs reared in Korea was investigated by modified Knott's test to detect circulating microfilaria and by acid-phosphatase staining for differentiation of each microfilaria species. In the modified Knott's test, 74 of 506 dogs (14.6%) were microfilaria positive, and the prevelance of each species of microfilaria was 90.5% (67 of 74 samples) for D. immitis, 5.4% (4 of 74 samples) for duplicate infection with D. immitis and D. repens and 4.1% (3 of 74 samples) for mixed infection with D. immitis, D. repens and A. dracunculoides. It was considered that the paying attention to the existence not only D. immitis but also other microfilariae were needed in canine filariasis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1071-1074
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• 2005

Microsatellite polymorphism and their genetic relationships were estimated using genotype information of 183 dogs from 11 microsatellite loci. The breeds include the indigenous Korean breeds Jindo dog (30), Poongsan dog (20) and Miryang dog (44) together with Chihauhau dog (31) and German Shepherd dog (58). Jindo dogs showed the highest expected heterozygosity (0.796${\pm}$0.030) and polymorphic information contents (0.755) in all populations. The phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of two distinct clusters supported by high bootstrap values: the Korean native dogs and other dogs. They clearly show that Poongsan dog and Miryang dog are closely related to each other when compared with Jindo dog. Microsatellite polymorphism data was shown to be useful for estimating the genetic relationship between Korean native dogs and other dog breeds, and also can be applied for parentage testing in those dog breeds.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.247-251
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• 1982

A 6-year-old male German Shepherd was admitted to the Armed Forces Second Animal Clinic for clinical examination The symptoms were anorexia, dyspnea, emaciation and ascites. Treatment was given for a month but its condition did not improve, euthanasia was therefore performed and the dog was submitted for necropsy. A tumor was found at the base of the heart between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery It was diagnosed an aortic body tumor by clinical signs, gross lesions and histopathologic features.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 1993

A German shepherd dog, male, seven-month-old, with gastric dilatation was examined clinicopathologically and radiographically. X-ray findings showed radiopaque linear materials, which were identified a number of pieces of commercial antiparasitic collar, $Preventic^{\circledR}$(Amitraz, Virbac) by gastrotomy. The dog became good a day after removal of the materials in the stomach. It was considered that the gastric dilatation was caused by rapid absorption of the amitraz which could induce paralysis of stomach.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.194-223
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• 2010

I tried here to interpret german fairy tale "Three Dogs" from the aspect of analytical psychology. A poor young shepherd will be 'hero'accidently while wandering the world to find good luck. When he was exhausted and frustrated in wandering life, a stranger appeared before him. A stranger offered barter. So he exchanged three sheep with three black dogs which a stranger had. One dog can bring the food. Another dog can tear everything. The last one can break even steel and iron. After that, shepherd led a satisfactory wandering life. On the way, he met a sad princess who should sacrifice herself for the piece of the country to the dragon which swallows a young girl yearly. But the strong black dog which tears everything, killed the dragon and saved the princess from the sacrifice. After that, a young shepherd promised princess to come back to her after three years of wandering life. In the meanwhile a horse driver played hero false. But the princess couldn't reveal the truth because of the threat of horse driver. Three years later, the young shepherd appeared in the castle. But the true hero was caught in the prison and finally cried out the strongest dog and succeeded in escaping from the prison. And with help of another dog which bring food to him, he could meet the princess and finally married her. So they lived happy life for a long time. But he remembered the poor younger sister. So he wanted to live together with her. After that, three dogs left him with saying, they stayed to see whether he shares his good fortune with his younger sister. Then they turned into birds and disappeared in the air. In this fairy tale can we find many important symbols. With the amplification of symbols and the interpretation of this fairy tale in terms of Jung's analytical psychology, I tried to find the meaning of individuation process in this fairy tale. Hero kills the dragon which could symbolize negative mother archetype. After overcoming the negative mother complex, he could get princess which could be expressive of Anima. This marriage could symbolize coniunctio oppositorum, an important process in individuation. Each fairy tale tells us the individuation process in a different way. And the fairy tale works always in our mind with plain, simple, pure, crystal like nature. Through it can we take precious treasure like wisdom for life.