• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2003

An elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis was performed on the contacting teeth surfaces of involute spur gears. Kinematics of the gear and the pinion were taken into account to get accurate geometric clearances around the elastohydrodynamic lubrication region of the contacting teeth. Pressure and film thickness distribution for the whole contacting faces in lubricated condition at several time steps were obtained through the analysis. Besides the pressure spike at the outlet region, a representative phenomenon in elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime, the pressure at the inlet region was slightly higher than that of the center region. The film thickness of transient condition was thicker than that of steady condition.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to find a more accurate method to evaluate pedestrian wind by computational fluid dynamics approach. Previous computational fluid dynamics studies of wind environmental problems were mostly performed by simplified models, which only use simple geometric shapes, such as cubes and cylinders, to represent buildings and structures. However, to have more accurate and complete evaluation results, various shapes of blocking objects, such as trees, should also be taken into consideration. The aerodynamic effects of these various shapes of objects can decrease wind velocity and increase turbulence intensity. Previous studies simply omitted the errors generated from these various shapes of blocking objects. Adding real geometrical trees to the numerical models makes the calculating domain of CFD very complicated due to geometry generation and grid meshing problems. In this case the function of Porous Media Condition can solve the problem by adding trees into numerical models without increasing the mesh grids. The comparison results between numerical and wind tunnel model are close if the parameters of porous media condition are well adjusted.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2008

Nd:YAG pulse laser welding of stainless steel plate was simulated to find welding condition by using commercial finite element code MARC. Due to geometric symmetry, a half model of AISI 304 stainless steel plate was considered and user subroutines were applied to boundary condition for the heat transfer. Material properties such as conductivity, specific heat, mass density and latent heat were given as a function of temperature. As results, Three dimensional heat source model for pulse laser beam conditions of butt welding has been designed by the comparison between the finite element analysis results and experimental data on AISI 304 stainless steel plate. Nd:YAG laser welding for AISI 304 stainless steel was successfully simulated and it should be useful to determine optimal welding condition.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.507-513
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• 2001

Time averaged pressure distributions in a high-speed centrifugal compressor channel diffuser at design and off-design flow rates are investigated. Pressure distributions from the impeller exit to the channel diffuser exit are measured for various flow rates from choke to near surge condition, and the effects of operating condition are discussed. The strong non-uniformity in the pressure distribution is obtained over the vaneless space and semi-vaneless space caused by the impeller-diffuser interaction. As the flow rate increases, flow separation near the throat, due to large incidence angle at the vane leading edge, increases aerodynamic blockage and reduces the aerodynamic flow area downstream. Thus the minimum pressure location occurs downstream of the geometric throat, and it is named as the aerodynamic throat. And at choke condition, normal shock occurs downstream of this aerodynamic throat. The variation in the location of the aerodynamic throat is discussed.

• 산업공학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.646-657
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• 2000

We developed an efficient small sized weather condition forecasting system (WFS). A cheap NT-server was utilized for handling a large amount of data, while traditional WFS has conventionally relied on Unix based workstation server. The proposed WFS contains automatic weather observing system (AWS). AWS was designed for collecting weather conditions automatically, and it was linked to WFS in order to provide various weather condition information. The existing two phase scheme and chain code algorithm were used for transforming AWS's data into WFS's data. The WFS's data were mapped into geometric information system using various display techniques. Finally the transformed WFS's data was also converted into JPG (Joint Photographic Group) data type, and the final JPG data could be accessible by others though Internet. The developed system was implemented using WWW environment and has provided weather condition forecasting information. Real case is given to show the presented integrated WFS with detail information.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2006

최근의 나선형 CT와 MDCT는 기존의 고식적 CT보다 X-선 조사시의 겹침 현상과 영상 재구성에 있어서의 보간삽입처리로 인해 보다 높은 선량을 환자에게 주게 되었다. MDCT와 나선형 CT장치가 보다 많은 의학적 정보를 제공하는 것에도 불구하고 환자가 받는 방사선 노출은 기존의 고식적 CT검사에 비해 $2{\sim}4$배 정도로 증가되고 있는 실정이므로, 그 잠재적 위험성을 아무리 강조해도 지나침이 없다. CT장치에서의 보다 많은 X-선에 관련된 자료들, 특히 선량효율적 디자인이나 X-선 조절 소프트웨어에 대한 자료들이 필요하다. 왜냐하면 CT장치의 디자인 요소는 임상적 진단에 있어서 환자선량을 성공적으로 줄일 수 있는 중요한 요소이기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 최근 급격히 확산되어 사용되고 있는 여러 단계의 MDCT의 z-축 선량효율을 측정하여 SDCT와 비교하였다. 그리고 MDCT에서 스캔 시 채택하는 focal spot size와 beam collimation, 검출기 조합 등을 비롯한 파라메터들의 변화에 따른 z-축 선량효율을 파악하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. SDCT가 z-축 기하학적 선량효율이 가장 높았고, 4 슬라이스 MDCT가 가장 낮았다. MDCT 중에서는 small beam collimation 적용 시 64 MDCT가 기하학적 선량효율이 가장 높았고 16, 8, 4 슬라이스 MDCT 순이었으며, large beam collimation 적용 시에는 small focal spot에서는 8 MDCT가, large focal spot에서는 16 MDCT가 가장 높았다. 2. MDCT의 경우 large focal spot에 비해 small focal spot의 z-축 기하학적 선량효율이 최저 0.67%에서 최대 13.62%의 범위에서 높았다. 3. MDCT의 경우 small beam collimation에 비해 large beam collimation의 z-축 기하학적 선량효율이 $3.13{\sim}51.52%$의 범위에서 높았다. 4. 동일한 focal spot size와 beam collimation을 채택한 상태에서 detector combination 차이에 따른 z-축 기하학적 선량효율은 4 슬라이스 MDCT의 모든 경우와 8 슬라이스 MDCT의 large beam collimation에서 일정하였다. 하지만 8 슬라이스 MDCT의 small beam collimation과 16 슬라이스 MDCT에서는 z-축 기하학적 선량효율이 차이를 보였으며 변화의 일률성은 없었다. 5. 동일한 스캔 파라메터를 적용시 나선형 스캔과 고식적 스캔 모드의 z-축 기하학적 선량효율은 동일하였으며, pitch를 변화시키거나 영상재구성 시 슬라이스 두께와 간격을 변화시켜도 z-축 기하학적 선량효율은 변화가 없었다. 결론적으로, CT검사 시 환자가 받는 X-선 피폭선량을 줄이기 위해 연구자는 CT장치의 선량효율에 대해 각별히 주의하여야 하며, Z-축 선량효율성을 높이는 동시에 최적의 임상적 정보를 보존할 수 있는 스캔 파라메터를 선택하여야 한다.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1980

The nonlinear analysis of ship plating with flat bar stiffners has been carried out by the finite element method based on the load incremental approach. The large deflection analysis has been done by using the Lagrangian description. The elastoplastic analysis has been performed by adopting the flow theory of plasticity and the von Mises yield condition. The layered elements are used to show the process of yielding through the plate thickness in the elasto-plastic analysis. The following results are obtained; 1) According to the large deflection analysis, it is shown that the small deflection theory to the plate is applicable in the range of the lateral deflection-the thickness ratio $w/h{\leqq}0.3$ and ship plating in the range of $w/h{\leqq}0.5$. 2) By means of the elasto-plastic analysis, it is found that the maximum load-carrying capacity of the plate increases as much as 1.8 times of the initial yield load in the case of the simply supported condition and 2.2 times in the clamped condition. It is also shown that the maximum load-carrying capacity of ship plating increase as much as 4.3 times in the simply supported condition and 4.2 times in the clamped condition. This method would be applied and extended to solve combined nonlinear problems which involve both material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.875-882
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• 2004

Let (M,g) be a compact m dimensional Einstein manifold with smooth boundary. Let $\Delta$$_{p}$,B be the realization of the p form valued Laplacian with a suitable boundary condition B. Let Spec($\Delta$$_{p}$,B) be the spectrum where each eigenvalue is repeated according to multiplicity. We show that certain geometric properties of the boundary may be spectrally characterized in terms of this data where we fix the Einstein constant.ant.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-30
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• 1988

The aim of this project is to analyze the queueing model with the two types of customers which either can wait unrestrictedly or wait restrictively in the system depending on the condition of service facility unless they may be served immediately. This model consists of the three-dimensional state space and then quasi birth-death process is formulated. The steady-state probabilities and measures of performance of this system are derived by using Matrix Geometric method.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.42-47
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• 2004

Formed insert type tool satisfy both the surface roughness and geometric accuracy, so that cutting edge of formed tool can duplicate final feature. For experiment the formed tools with various clearance angles are machined. And the tools are evaluated with respect cutting force, flank rear and surface roughness to optimistic condition.