• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.242-262
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• 2015

The relationship between geographical proximity and academics' formal and informal knowledge-transfer activities in the network is analyzed with a mixed research method. With social network analysis as a basis, we have explored the networks between academics and firms in the 16 regions of South Korea. The result shows Seoul and Gyunggi are identified as central nodes, meaning that the academics in other regions tend to collaborate with firms in these regions. An econometric analysis is performed to confirm the localization of knowledge-transfer activities. The intensity of formal channels measured by the number of academic papers is negatively, but significantly associated with the geographical proximity. However, we have not found any significant relationship between the formality of the channels and geographical proximity. Possibly, the regional innovation systems in South Korea are neither big enough nor strong enough to show a localization effect.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2003

Geographical data sets are expensive to create and are very easy to copy because the intellectual property rights for the distribution should be protected. The main object of copyright law is to encourage expression of ideas in tangible form and it extend only to original works, it is limited to control the balance of interests between data producers and user. Because the development of a useful legal framework for both private and public activity in this field is an important issue. This paper presents an intial attempt at such a the effective management strategy intended to support continuing research into the legal protection of geographical information.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.6889-6894
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• 2015

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world, with a wide variation in incidence rates across different geographical areas. In Iran GC is the most common cancer in males and it is reported to be the third most prevalent after breast and colorectal in females. A geographical information system (GIS) allows investigation of the geographical distribution of diseases. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between gastric cancer and effective climatic factors using GIS. The dispersion distribution and the relationship between environmental factors effective on cancer were measured using Arc GIS. Of all cases, 672 (73.8%) were in males with a sex ratio of 3 to1. The highest incidence by cities was seen in Namin with 137.5 per 100,000. The results of this study showed that the distribution of GC around the Sabalan volcanic mountain was significantly higher than other places in the same province. These results can be considered as a window to future comprehensive research on gastric cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.7B
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• pp.694-702
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• 2009

Geographical routing protocol, where nodes only need local information exchange to make routing decisions, is a very efficient routing scheme for wireless sensor networks in scalability. However, pure geographical routing does not take account of wireless link condition. If wireless link condition is not considered, when the routing table is updated, the nodes with bad link conditions are updated in the routing table and can be chosen as the next hop. This brings out the retransmissions because of received packet's errors. Also, because of these retransmissions, additional power is consumed. In this paper, we propose geographical routing scheme considering wireless link condition, where reliable data transmission is made and the consumed energy is minimized.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.808-841
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• 2007

Recently some researchers started to discuss the fundamental limitations of geographical innovation clusters. With the rapid development of information and telecommunication technologies, a new concept of virtual innovation cluster is emerging in the advanced countries an alternative to overcome the limitations of geographical clusters. In this context, this study is designed as a pilot study to verify limitations of and issues with geographical innovation cluster through a survey and review the possible application of virtual innovation cluster as an alternative to geographical innovation cluster. Topics covered in this study include; 1) What are the limitations and/or issues with geographical clusters? 2) Can these limitations of and issues with geographical innovation cluster be overcome with virtual innovation cluster? 3) What is the government policy direction to ensure effective utilization of virtual innovation clusters? To answer these questions, this study adopted various research techniques including literature reviews, surveys, case studies, and expert interviews. Especially, a survey was conducted to diagnose the limitations of geographical innovation cluster policy and to understand the possibility of applying virtual innovation clusters. Finally, the significances and limitations of the study are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.531-534
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• 2008

Recently, by the interest of geographical information and the utilization field of geographical information diversifying. Various GIS(Geographic Information System) was built to manage geographical information efficiently. However, because of interoperability between geographic information system, OGC(Open Geospatial Consortium) standardized GML(Geography Markup Language) of the XML(eXtensible Markup Language) foundation in which an interoperability writes possible geographical information data. GML national standard is applied to various application fields at present, and the use is confirmed. In this paper, GML 3.2.1 encoding standard specification follows requirements of OGC recommendation, we designed GML document editing system using XML standard technology, and generated interoperability GML data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.126-128
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• 1998

지리정보시스템은 공간 데이터와 비공간 데이터를 통합하여 다루는 시스템이다. 오늘날 사용되는 관계형 데이터 베이스시스템의 질의 언어는 비공간 데이터만을 잘 다룰 뿐, 공간 데이터는 다루지 못한다. 그러므로 지리정보시스템에서는 기존의 질의어를 사용할 수 없다. 지리정보시스템을 위해서는 공간데이터와 비공간 데이터를 동시에 고려하는 새로운 공간 질의언어가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 공간 질의의 특징을 실펴보고 공간 질의어가 갖추어야 할 필요조건을 도출한다. 그리고, 이러한 필요조건을 만족하는 공간 질의어를 설계하고 구현한다. 구현된 시스템은 기조의 질의어에 공간 객체와 공간 연산자를 서술할 수 있으며 하부 시스템에 구현된 공간 색인 방법을 기반으로 하여 공간 스캔과 공간 조인 방법을 활요하여 빠른 공간 질의 성능을 보인다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.788-807
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• 2007

To better publish geographical information on the Web, it is important to capture how Web technologies are changing. For a recent decade, Semantic Web has been developed by incorporating ontologies into the current Web, with an aim to make computers understand rather than simply display. Ontology, an explicit specification of a conceptualization, and the Semantic Web grounded on the ontology, have the potential for effective sharing and appropriate retrieval of geographical information. This paper describes a Semantic Web Service over the mobile Web that can offer pertinent tourism information according to user contexts. To do this, a tourism ontology was formalized in the PARA(Place-Attraction-Resource-Activity) ontology model by organizing tourist places, tourist attractions, tourism resources, and activities. Locational relationships between tourist places were also included in the PARA ontology model to take into account the movements of tourists on a railway network. The XML(Extensible Markup Language) Web Service in the middle tier manages the client-side request for information retrieval and the corresponding server-side response from the data provider. The PARA ontology was integrated into the XML Web Service for the concept-based discovery of tourism information. The applicability of the proposed system was tested through a simulation experiment for Tokyo tourism.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.595-612
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• 2005

This paper is to inquire into nature of the educated's geography from 1905 to 1910 by researching relevant geographical resources in HAKBO published by the Academic Society. At that time, the Patriotic Enlightenment Movement was active, and the Academic Society attempted to enlighten people, to enrich the country, and to restore the sovereign right. The educated tried to understand the reality in view of social Darwinism and make their country the winner as well as the fit in the struggle for existence by this movement. Their effort can be seen in HAKBO and geography in it. The contents of geography in HAKBO was related to world-wide geographical information and intended to instil patriotism into the hearts of people. As their research methods, they adopted systematic geographical method by comparing between region and region, or studying relationships of the nature and human, and Hettner's regional geographical method which describes human after the nature. Hence, it is proved that the educated's geography in HAKBO introduced modem geography in western society for Patriotic Enlightenment and it used its geographical methods.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.343-353
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of two representative subway map design types, namely a diagram type and a geographical type using physiological metrics, performance metrics, and self-reported metrics, which are representative usability metrics. Background: Subway maps need to be designed in order for users to quickly search and recognize subway line information. Although most cities' subway maps currently use the diagram type designed by Henry Beck, New York City's subway map has recently been changed to the subway map type combined with the geographical type designed by Michael Hertz. However, not many studies on its efficiency are found, and the studies that are available mainly depend on questionnaire surveys or take on a subjective behavioral study type based on experts' experiences. In this regard, evaluation through a more objective method is needed. Method: This study employed usability metrics as a method to evaluate the efficiency of information search targeting the diagram type and geographical type subway maps used mostly as subway maps. To this end, physiological metrics obtained through eye tracking, task completion time, representative metric of task performance, and subjective evaluation metrics were used for the suitability evaluation of subway map designs. Results: In the result of gaze movement distance analysis, no significant difference was shown in the two design types in terms of a process finding a departure station from the starting point and a process finding a transfer station between the departure station and arrival station (destination). However, the gaze movement distance in the process finding the arrival station at the departure station was significantly shorter in the geographical type, rather than in the diagram type. The analysis of task completion time showed a result similar to the gaze movement distance analysis result. Task completion time was significantly shorter in the geographical type, rather than in the diagram type, which is in the process finding the arrival station at the departure station. In other information search processes, no significant difference was shown. As a result of subjective evaluation metrics analysis, no significant difference was revealed in the two design types. Conclusion: An analysis on the two representative subway map design types was carried out via the adoption of usability metrics. As a result, although no significant difference was shown in some information search processes, it was revealed that information search was easier in the geographical type overall. Also, it was found that usability metrics can be effectively used to evaluate the design types of subway maps. Application: The study results can be used to set design direction to offer ease in information search on subway lines. The study also can be used as a method to evaluate a subway map's design type.