• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.385-402
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• 2002

This study examined temporal and spatial patterns of bioclimatic perceived sultriness in South Korea by analyzing the climatology of heat index calculated from ambient temperature and relative humidity for the period of 26 years (1973-1998). As results, spatially, bioclimatic sultriness above all thresholds frequently occurred mainly in the central western inner area, the southwestern inner area, and the southeastern inner area of South Korea. Especially, Miryang in the southeastern inner area of South Korea was proved to be, bioclimatically, the sultriest area in South Korea that has recorded frequent high heat index. Temporally, frequency of sultriness in the contiguous South Korea significantly increased in the 1990s. Specifically, In 1994, frequencies of heat index exceeding each threshold was the highest all over South Korea. Normally, the sultriness with high heat index exceeding 40.6$^{circ}C$ occurred mainly for the period of between the end of July generally after Summer Changma and the beginning of August before another small rainy season of years. These temporal-spatial distributions of bioclimatic sultriness in South Korea showed various patterns regionally, affected by physical and anthropogenic climatic factors such as topography, latitude, altitude, water bodies or aforestration, urbanization, and industrialization as well as movements of large-scale air masses.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.95-118
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• 2010

This study aims to investigate the spatial distribution of major soil types in Korea, and to assess the ability to predict soil distribution using environmental variables. A classification tree method was used to assess soil predictability. While the great soil groups can give more intuitive understandings on their spatial distributions, its predictability using environmental factors is much lower than that of the great groups. The most important factor to determine the spatial distribution of major soil types is the geomorphological characteristic of Korea that shows distinctive morphological difference between mountains and plains. Spatial distribution of climatic variables and catenary soil sequence along slopes play additional roles in determining the distribution of soil types. The classification tree models resulted in 35-75% of prediction accuracy, depends on the combination of different environmental variables brought in the models. While geomorphological variables are the best predictors for the great groups, climatic variables perform better for the great soil groups.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2013

The mountain region in Korea has been known as 70% of total area and most Korean people have recognized Korea as the mountainous country. Those concepts are thought to be mislead by the definition of the Korea Forest Service for the mountain region. According to KFS's definition based on the land-use, the forest and farmland at the low altitude are also included in the mountain region. In this study, firstly, the geomorphological mountain region is extracted according to the definition of Kapos et al. (2000). The rates of mountain region in S. Korea, N. Korea, Korea Peninsular are 31%, 51%, 42% respectively. And the rates between mountain area and non-mountain area in the 300-1000m and 1000-2500m intervals are considerably different due to the existence of plateaus such as high-level plain surfaces. Secondly, using the overlay analysis in GIS, the distribution of mountain areas are compared with that of order-mountains' areas defined by Qui and SON (2010). Even in case of the 5th order, the highest order mountains, the hill & plain and non-mountain areas are included in that mountain area. It is possible to suggest that the definition of the KFS is completely different from the academic, realistic and epistemic definition for mountain area, and the geomorphological definition of mountain area is useful to classify the mountain area according to the its physical properties. Therefore, it would be expected that the definition contributes the development of methodologies on the scientific management of mountain area in future.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.208-225
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• 2012

The spatial characteristics of changes in extreme temperature indices for 2070-2099 relative to 1971-2000 in the Republic of Korea were investigated using daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperature data from a regional climate model (HadGEM3-RA) based on the IPCC RCP4.5/8.5 at 12.5km grid spacing and observations. Six temperature-based indices were selected to consider the frequency and intensity of extreme temperature events. For validation during the reference period (1971-2000), the simulated Tmax and Tmin distributions reasonably reproduce annual and seasonal characteristics not only for the relative probability but also the variation range. In the future (2070-2099), the occurrence of summer days (SD) and tropical nights (TR) is projected to be more frequent in the entire region while the occurrence of ice days (ID) and frost days (FD) is likely to decrease. The increase of averaged Tmax above 95th percentile (TX95) and Tmin below 5th percentile (TN5) is also projected. These changes are more pronounced under RCP8.5 scenario than RCP4.5. The changes in extreme temperature indices except for FD show significant correlations with altitude, and the changes in ID, TR, and TN5 also show significant correlations with latitude. The mountainous regions are projected to be more influenced by an increase of low extreme temperature than low altitude while the southern coast is likely to be more influenced by an increase of tropical nights.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.616-631
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• 2007

Residential differentiation is an academic theme which has been given enormous attention in urban studies. This is due to the fact that residential segregation can be seen as one of the best indicators for socio-spatial dialectics occurring on urban space. Measuring how one population group is differentiated from the other group in terms of residential space has been a focal point in the residential segregation studies. The index of dissimilarity has been the most extensively used one. Despite its popularity, however, it has been accused of inability to capture the degree of spatial clustering that unevenly distributed population groups usually display. Further, the spatial indices of segregation which have been introduced to edify the problems of the index of dissimilarity also have some drawbacks: significance testing methods have never been provided; recent advances in spatial statistics have not been extensively exploited. Thus, the main purpose of the research is to devise a spatial separation measure which is expected to gauge not only how unevenly two population groups are distributed over urban space, but also how much the uneven distributions are spatially clustered (spatial dependence). The main results are as follows. First, a new measure is developed by integrating spatial association measures and spatial chi-square statistics. A significance testing method based on the generalized randomization test is also provided. Second, a case study of residential differentiation among groups by educational attainment in major Korean metropolitan cities clearly shows the applicability of the analytical framework presented in the paper.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.348-357
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• 2008

The classification of the effect of ionospheric disturbances on the radio occultation signal amplitude has been introduced based on an analysis of more than 2000 seances of radio occultation measurements per formed with the help of the CHAMP German satellite. The dependence of the histograms of variations in the radio occultation signal amplitude on the IMF variation index has been revealed. It has been indicated that it is possible to introduce the radio occultation index characterizing the relation between ionospheric disturbances and solar activity. An amplitude radio occultation (RO) method is proposed to study connection between the ionospheric and solar activity on a global scale. Sporadic amplitude scintillation observed in RO experiments contain important information concerning the seasonal, geographical, and temporal distributions of the ionospheric disturbances and depend on solar activity. The probability of strong RO amplitude variations (RO $S_4$ index greater than 0.2) in the CHAMP RO signals diminishes sharply with the weakening of solar activity from 2001 to 2008. The general number of RO events with strong amplitude variations can be used as an indicator of the ionospheric activity. We found that during 2001-2008 the daily globally averaged RO $S_{4a}$ index depends essentially on solar activity. The maximum occurred in January 2002, minimum has been observed in summer 2008. Different temporal behavoir of $S_{4a}$ index has been detected for polar (with latitude greater than $60^{\circ}$) and low latitude (moderate and equatorial) regions. For polar regions $S_{4a}$ index is slowly decreasing with solar activity. In the low latitude areas $S_{4a}$ index is sharply oscillating, depending on the solar ultraviolet emission variations. The different geographical behavoir of $S_{4a}$ index indicates different origin of ionospheric plasma disturbances in polar and low latitude areas. Origin of the plasma disturbances in the polar areas may be connected with influence of solar wind, the ultraviolet emission of the Sun may be the main cause of the ionospheric irregularities in the low latitude zone. Therefore, the $S_{4a}$ index of RO signal is important radio physical indicator of solar activity.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.36-51
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• 2008

As the global warming has influenced on various sectors including agriculture, forestry, fisheries and health, it is essential to project more accurate future climate for an assessment of climate change impact and adaptation strategy. This study examines spatial distribution of onset dates and durations of season decomposed by applying a lowpass filtering using observed 30-year (1971-2000) data and projected 2090s data based on the IPCC SRES A1B emission scenario in South Korea. In general, the distributions of spring and winter onset date are affected by latitudes, topography and proximity to oceans. However, onset dates of summer and autumn are a little affected by proximity to oceans and topography than by latitudes. In the 2090s (2091-2100), the onset dates of spring begin about 40 days earlier and the onset dates of summer begin 25-30 days earlier as compare with present time. On the other hand, the onset dates of winter begin about 50 days later in the southern and eastern coastal area and in the southern inland. The onset dates of autumn begin about 20 days later. In the 2090s, summer duration is longer and winter duration is shorter as compare with present time at southern and eastern coastal area.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.325-353
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• 2017

This article aims to investigate the geographical distribution and the cultural, historical, and symbolic meanings of the place names in the area of Bukhansanseong (Fortress), and to basically suggest the several features which have happened throughout the process of toponymic changes. In order to realize the purpose of the article, I collected the chronological toponymic data, particularly focusing on the Bukhanji (Record of Bukhansanseong, 1745) in which the most existing place names related to Bukhansanseong are recorded. In the meantime, I proposed the character of distributions and types of the physical, human place names according to the rear-part of toponymic morpheme, i.e. the generic name. Moreover, selecting the main place names such as 'Bukhansan', etc., I analyzed some features on the toponymic meanings and changes in accordance with the fore-part of toponymic morpheme, the specific name. Consequently, I identified the facts that the name of 'Bukhansan' in the era of the Three Kingdoms, 'Samgaksan' in the Goryeo Dynasty, and again 'Bukhansan' or 'Buksan' in the Joseon Dynasty era had been primarily called. And then the place name, 'Bukhansan' has been officially named until now since constructing the Bukhansanseong Fortress in 1711. Meanwhile, the physical place names related to mountainous and fluvial topography, the place names of artificial facilities such as a mountain fortress on this geographical environment, and especially Buddhistic place names which was named and identified by Buddhist monk, Seongneung who wrote the Bukhanji, representing the Buddhistic identity and ideology, form a large majority of the place names within Bukhansanseong.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.415-430
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• 2015

Since the late 1990s Vinacafe has gone through strategic changes in corporate governance and managements due to an increase in the introduction of coffee MNCs, a growth of global demands in sustainable coffee, aging coffee tree, and the deterioration of coffee production with climate changes in Vietnam. Vinacafe has attempted to cope with these kinds of changes through strategies for equitization. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to identify strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of the Vietnamese coffee industry by investigating changes in corporate governance and processes of coffee production and distribution. The equitization of Vinacafe has led to the enhancement of coffee competitiveness in two perspectives. Firstly, as it has decentralized decision-making from headquarter, subsidiaries have become able to strength their competitiveness themselves by introducing new technologies, improving coffee quality, and encouraging the introduction of eco-friendly production methods through cooperative relationships with stakeholders involved in coffee production and distributions in Vietnam. Secondly, it has also enhanced competitiveness through the diversification and effectiveness of coffee managements by intensifying the flexibility of contract with coffee farmers and diversifying coffee sales and supply chains in Vietnam.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.453-485
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• 2017

One of the oldest chestnuts in economic geography is this: Cultural and creative industries strongly gather in large cities and this geographic concentration of economic activities leads to regional development. Of course, depending on the circumstances, such a proposition still holds good. But, under the current paradigm shift to knowledge-based economy, it may be open to question. This study aims to investigate financing and knowledge accumulation in the film industry through an alternative framework for explaining their spatial distributions, "formation mechanism of economic space." From the fact that their production organizations are formed on a project basis, project-based financing structure in the investment stage and knowledge accumulation process in the production stage form both axes of it. Film industry as the most mature industry among the cultural and creative industries does not always concentrate in a certain place (industrial agglomeration) or show metropolis-oriented preference. This allows us to reconsider our long brooding theory.