• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.59-73
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• 2022

Currently, the conflict between use and conservation of the ocean is intensifying in the ocean, so it is essential to introduce an effective method to define and manage it in advance for each core value of ocean. Accordingly, although the ocean is divided into nine marine use zone and managed through marine spatial planning, the analysis of the sea areas where mutually exclusive activities overlap in the ocean is insufficient. In this study, an automated model was developed to derive a sea areas where the core values of the ocean conflict. In order to analyze marine activities, available data on marine activity were collected, and data necessity for the analysis of mutually exclusive marine activities were derived. After classifying the derived data into legal and characteristic data, a conflict matrix was prepared through pairwise comparison between data to designate priorities when overlapping occurs. Based on the designated priorities, an automation model was developed, and sea areas where marine activities conflicted were derived, visualized, and area calculated. Using this, it is judged that the efficiency of decision-making can be improved by clearly deriving the sea areas where major issues occur in establishing the marine spatial planning.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.149-165
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• 2004

In Korea, as the elderly population is growing, the quality of life of the rural elderly is becoming a major concern. By the way, social welfare services is less available and accessible to the rural elderly. And we have very limited information about community -oriented welfare services for the elderly. The lack of social welfare services in rural area resulted from mainly geographic isolation and economic deprivation. So, the present research aimed at; 1) to explore what the social welfare service is benefited from governmental or local assembly. 2) to explore what kind of community services is provided for the rural village and elderly. 3) to appear the political propose for the rural elderly. In South Korea, The Rural Development Administration currently operate 'villages which is supported special programs for the improvement of QOL of rural elderly' in 110 villages. It is a model governmental welfare service for rural area. For the purpose, the survey data is gathered from community level data per village (107 villages), individual survey data(881people) who live in the village and qualitative data. Two kinds of quantitative data is combined to form a data. The statistical methods used for data analysis are descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. The major findings of this study were as follows : It was founded that the majority family type of the rural elderly is elderly-only households(75%). In case of poor elderly, they have very limited social insurance benefit and they can not get medical services with satisfaction. The result show that the welfare facilities per village and welfare service for the elderly is extremely low while the needs of welfare service is greate high. A distinctive characteristics in rural villages is that they receive a lot of services from private sectors, like as Women Farmers Union, Adult Union. They operate voluntary welfare services related to food supporting, education for the elderly, free haircut services and so on. In conclusion, the community care services from private sector has specialty in rural area. We conclude it is a distinguishing characteristic of rural community.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.94-102
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• 2010

These days the land category is the most specific basis of legal for land use or land use form that is determined by the main use of land. Even if same land building site, it is used very various like a detached house, a row house, a multiplex house, a villa, an apartment, a mixed-use Apartments, commercial building, fallow land etc. There is a need of variety analysis in order to apply greenhouse gas emission or statistics assessment for standard of classification. Therefore, This study measured carbon dioxide by for different government agencies of maps by land use time, season, elevation, space, area of floating population. As a result, The emission characteristic was high l.78 times, on average of l.35 times in winter compared with summer, when the temperatures increased 11C, the carbon dioxide is 22ppm high in the afternoon, A commercial building is high 4.04 times compare with detached house.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

In order to consider the prevention countermeasure to the occurrence of forest fires, analysing characteristic of the past forest fire data is needed. This research analyzed distribution and characteristics of forest fires damage over 30 ha based on statistics data of forest fires in Korea between 1975 and 2010. As a result, the number of forest fires damage over 30 ha as 23 was most occurred in 1978. Forest fires show an upward tendency from 1970 to 2000. Forest fires of 30 ha~50 ha damaged area was most occurred. Forest fire in Gangwon province was occurred as the number of total 66 (37.0 %). Gangwon province was superior in point density analysis. The number of forest fire occurrence over 30 ha was most high to 114 (63.0 %) in April and to 44 (24.3 %) in Sunday. The occurrence number of forest fire and damage caused by forest fire is increasing more and more since 1975, appropriate authorities can use effectively in devising policy for forest fire prevention from this result.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6729-6734
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• 2015

Background: To analyze the mortality distribution of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China from 1991 to 2013, to predict the mortality in the ensuing five years, and to provide evidence for prevention and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in China from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe its epidemiological characteristics, such as the change of the standardized mortality rate, sex and age differences, urban-rural differences. Trend-surface analysis was used to study the geographical distribution of the mortality. Curve estimation, time series, gray modeling, and joinpoint regression were used to predict the mortality for the ensuing five years in the future. Results: In China, the standardized mortality rate of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma increased with time from 1996, reaching the peak values of $1.45/10^5$ at the year of 2002, and decreased gradually afterwards. With males being 1.51 times higher than females, and the city had a higher rate than the rural during the past two decades. The mortality rate increased from age 40. Geographical analysis showed the mortality rate increased from middle to southern China. Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is falling. The regional disease control for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma should be focused on Guangdong province of China, and the key targets for prevention and treatment are rural men, especially after the age of 40. The mortality of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma will decrease in the next five years.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2008

This study is conducted to investigate the organization of Cheongunri in Cheong-song, as well as the characteristics of folk houses. In this study, 82 folk houses, including the villages, are surveyed; among them, 15 houses are intensively analyzed in terms of the structure of plane and the arrangement of space. The focus of study is on discovering an internal order system of villages and tracing a relationship between the characteristics of houses and the environmental factors. According to the results of the study, an Intrinsic order in Cheongunri is found to be related to the mountain axis, the road system, and the flow axis; and the form of folk houses is also found to be influenced by this order. The major characteristics of folk houses can be summarized as follows: (1) Most of the houses face east along the mountain axis, whereas houses influenced by the flow axis tend to face south. (2) The side of houses tend to be open to the outside, showing external directionality. This characteristic seems to be closely related to the direction of the main gate in a house site. (3) The layout of the main quarters and the annex quarters is found to be related to the direction of the main gate in a house site. Especially, the characteristics of courtyard are found to be affected by the annex quarters. From the above results, it can be concluded that villages have an intrinsic order depending on the geographic characteristics of a surrounding natural environment, and folk houses have also changed accordingly.

• Atmosphere
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2013

In this study, the numerical model was developed to evaluate the observational environment of sunshine duration and, for evaluating the accuracy and utility of the model, it was verified against the observational data measured at Dae-gu Automated Synoptic Observing System (ASOS) located in an urban area. Three-dimensional topography and building configuration as the surface input data of the model were constructed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) data. First, the accuracy of the computing planetary positions suggested by Paul Schlyter was verified against the data provided by Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and the results showed that the numerical model predicted the Sun's position (the solar azimuth and altitude angles) quite precisely. Then, this model was applied to reproduce the sunshine duration at the Dae-gu ASOS. The observed and calculated sunshine durations were similar to each other. However, the observed and calculated sunrise (sunset) times were delayed (curtailed), compared to those provided by KASI that considered just the ASOS's position information such as latitude, longitude, and elevation height but did not consider the building and topography information. Further investigation showed that this was caused by not only the topographic characteristic (higher in the east and lower in the west) but also the buildings located in the southeast near the sunrise and the southwest near the sunset. It was found that higher building resolution increased the accuracy of the model. It was concluded that, for the accurate evaluation of the sunshine duration, detailed building and topography information around the observing sites was required and the numerical model developed in this study was successful to predict and/or the sunshine duration of the ASOS located in an urban area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.271-271
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• 2011

최근의 유출해석은 지리정보체계(GIS, Geographic Information System) 및 지형자료(DEM, Digital Elevation Model 등) 구축의 발달로 대부분 격자 기반의 분포형 강우-유출 모형을 통해 이루어지고 있으며, Rodriguez-Iturbe and Valdes (1979)에 의해 소개된 통계물리학적 접근방법인 지형학적 순간단위도(GIUH)모형 역시 DEM을 기반으로 한 연구가 꾸준히 진행되어 온 실정이다(Maidment, 1993; D'odorico and Rigon, 2003; Di Lazzaro, 2010). 이러한 격자 기반 모형들은 대부분 8방향 최급경사에 기초한 흐름방향도를 기반으로 물의 유동을 표현한다. 8방향법에 의해 결정된 흐름방향도를 이용할 경우 각 격자 중심에서 유역출구 까지의 배수로경로길이를 비교적 쉽고, 빠르게 계산할 수 있다는 장점을 가지나, 공간해상도(격자 규모)에 따라 상이한 결과를 나타내는 것을 예상할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 DEM의 공간해상도에 따른 배수경로길이의 통계적 변화양상을 살펴보고, 이로부터 실제 수문사상의 통계적 특성과 Di Lazzaro(2010)의 특성유속산정 공식을 이용해 지표면과 하천의 특성유속을 산정하였다. 산정된 특성유속들을 D'odorico and Rigon(2003)이 제시한 값과 비교함으로써 격자 기반의 GIUH 모형의 적용에 있어서 적정 공간해상도를 찾고자 하였다. 대상유역으로는 국제수문개발계획(IHP, International Hydrological Project)의 금강수계 보청천 유역 중 이평수위국을 출구로하는 소유역을 선정하였으며, DEM의 공간해상도는 수치지형도의 축척을 고려하여 1: 5,000의 경우 5, 10, 15, 20m를, 1: 25,000의 경우 20, 30, 50, 100, 150, 200m로 결정하였다. 분석 결과 격자 형태 GIUH의 특성유속을 산정을 위한 적정 공간해상도는 1:5,000의 경우 5m를, 1:25,000의 경우에는 20～50m의 범위를 적용하는 것이 타당할 것으로 판단된다.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.323-333
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate musk deer in taxonomic status and genus species. We investigated the characteristic of musk deer for medicinal usages. Methods : To identifications of musk deer on the taxonomic status and genus species, the literary investigation were conducted on the Korean, China, and Japan pharmacopoeia and published herbal books, CITES Species Lists too. Results : Musk deer placement in a separate family status is the Moschidae. M. chrysogaster Hodgson and M. sifanicus Przewalski was the same species. So, Alpine musk deer revised M. chrysogaster Hodgson[=M. sifanicus Przewalski]. Geographic distribution of M. moschiferus L. divided Sibirica group and himalaica group. Group himalaica contains three subspecies: Korean musk deer(M. moschiferus parvipes Hol.), Chinese musk deer(M. chrysogaster Hodgson), and Himalayan musk deer(M. leucogaster Hodgson). The genetic divergence between M. moschiferus L. and other species was clearly distinguished from the others. M. berezovskii Flerove was less than the others. However, the divergence among M. chrysogaster Hodgson, M. fuscus Li, and M. leucogaster Hodgson were quite low. Musk deers are mostly distributed around the high-plateau. Moschus were from Nepal, Bhutan, Russia, China. Forest musk deer(M. berezovskii Flerove) farming was conducted in China from 1950s. In the Korean hebal pharmacopoeia, Moschus include l-muscone($C_{16}H_{30}O$ : 238.40) over 2% for quantitative test. Conclusions : There are three species of musk deer, Siberian musk deer(M. moschiferus L.), forest musk deer(M. berezovskii Flerove), and Alpine musk deer(M. chrysogaster Hodgson) for medicinal usages.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.884-898
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• 2012

Place names represent a lot of information about the region and the life of the local residents. In particular, old geographical names have more spatial informations than recent place names. This paper tried to analyze the distribution and characteristic of 'Dumo' which is one of the ancient place names and was studied by Nam youngwoo in 1996 for the first time. After considering the etymology and phonological structure of 'Dumo', the name 'Dumo' included the geographic conditions related to a mountain and river in itself. The total number of place names in the line of 'Dumo' which were collected by the author were 417 and they were distributed evenly on the Korean Peninsula. 85% of them were used for the human place names and 73% of the human place names were served as settlement names standing for a village or an administrative district. Thus the author analyzed the location and diffusion of 220 of settlement names in depth. As a result, villages named in the line of 'Dumo' preferred southern or eastern exposure and located in front of a mountain and around a river. After a village name 'Dumo' was set up, it produces other similar names in the line of 'Dumo' near the village so most place names of 'Dumo' were found with several names of 'Dumo' not alone.