• Title/Summary/Keyword: genomic structure

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Genomic partitioning of growth traits using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism array in Hanwoo (Korean cattle)

  • Park, Mi Na;Seo, Dongwon;Chung, Ki-Yong;Lee, Soo-Hyun;Chung, Yoon-Ji;Lee, Hyo-Jun;Lee, Jun-Heon;Park, Byoungho;Choi, Tae-Jeong;Lee, Seung-Hwan
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제33권10호
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    • pp.1558-1565
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    • 2020
  • Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the number of loci affecting growth traits and the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects on growth traits, and to understand the genetic architecture for growth traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) using genome-wide association study (GWAS), genomic partitioning, and hierarchical Bayesian mixture models. Methods: GWAS: A single-marker regression-based mixed model was used to test the association between SNPs and causal variants. A genotype relationship matrix was fitted as a random effect in this linear mixed model to correct the genetic structure of a sire family. Genomic restricted maximum likelihood and BayesR: A priori information included setting the fixed additive genetic variance to a pre-specified value; the first mixture component was set to zero, the second to 0.0001×σ2g, the third 0.001×σ2g, and the fourth to 0.01×σ2g. BayesR fixed a priori information was not more than 1% of the genetic variance for each of the SNPs affecting the mixed distribution. Results: The GWAS revealed common genomic regions of 2 Mb on bovine chromosome 14 (BTA14) and 3 had a moderate effect that may contain causal variants for body weight at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. This genomic region explained approximately 10% of the variance against total additive genetic variance and body weight heritability at 12, 18, and 24 months. BayesR identified the exact genomic region containing causal SNPs on BTA14, 3, and 22. However, the genetic variance explained by each chromosome or SNP was estimated to be very small compared to the total additive genetic variance. Causal SNPs for growth trait on BTA14 explained only 0.04% to 0.5% of the genetic variance Conclusion: Segregating mutations have a moderate effect on BTA14, 3, and 19; many other loci with small effects on growth traits at different ages were also identified.

Bacillus sp. E1 의 cyclodextrin 생산효소 유전자 분리 및 구명 (Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Gene for Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase from Bacillus sp. E1)

  • 용정식;최진남;박성순;박천석;박관화;최양도
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제40권6호
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    • pp.495-500
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    • 1997
  • Cyclodextrin을 합성하는 효소 CGTase를 호염기성 Bacillus sp. E1으로부터 분리하기 위하여 PCR을 실시하였다. PCR을 위하여 합성한 primer의 염기서열은 현재까지 보고된 CGTase 유전자의 염기서열을 비교 분석하여 가장 높게 보존된 영역을 찾아내어 선택하였다. PCR 증폭 결과 1.2 kbp 크기의 DNA 절편을 얻을 수 있었고 이를 molecular probe로 이용하여 Southern blot 분석을 실시하였다. Southern blot 분석결과 CGTase 유전자는 염색체 DNA를 제한효소 XbaI으로 절단한 5.3 kbp 절편내에 존재한다는 사실을 알아내었다. CGTase 유전자를 분리하기 위하여 유전자 은행을 제조한 후 선별작업을 실시하여 genomic clone인 pCGTE1을 얻을 수 있었다. pCGTEl의 염기서열을 결정한 결과 분리한 CGTase 유전자는 2109 bp의 open reading frame을 가지며 이는 703개의 아미노산으로 구성된 단백질을 coding하는 것으로 나타났다. 아미노산 서열의 유사성을 비교한 결과 Bacillus sp. KC201의 CGTase 와 가장 높은 94.3% 동질성을 나타내었다.

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Genetic approaches toward understanding the individual variation in cardiac structure, function and responses to exercise training

  • Kim, Minsun;Kim, Seung Kyum
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2021
  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for approximately 30% of all deaths worldwide and its prevalence is constantly increasing despite advancements in medical treatments. Cardiac remodeling and dysfunction are independent risk factors for CVD. Recent studies have demonstrated that cardiac structure and function are genetically influenced, suggesting that understanding the genetic basis for cardiac structure and function could provide new insights into developing novel therapeutic targets for CVD. Regular exercise has long been considered a robust nontherapeutic method of treating or preventing CVD. However, recent studies also indicate that there is inter-individual variation in response to exercise. Nevertheless, the genetic basis for cardiac structure and function as well as their responses to exercise training have yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this review summarizes accumulated evidence supporting the genetic contribution to these traits, including findings from population-based studies and unbiased large genomic-scale studies in humans.

밀 유전 배경에서 호밀 B 염색체가 감수분열 염색체 접합에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Rye B chromosome on Meiotic Chromosome Association in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genetic Background)

  • 조성우
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제35권5호
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    • pp.659-666
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    • 2022
  • 이 연구에서는 밀 첨가 계통의 생식세포분열시, 호밀 B 염색체가 염색체 접합에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 밀 첨가 계통은 동조관계에 있는 Leymus mollis와 L. racemosus 염색체를 각각 하나씩 가지고 있다. 밀의 유전적 배경에서 두 Leymus염색체의 이동은 genomic in situ hybridization에 의하여 확인되었다. 호밀 B 염색체를 가지고 있지 않은 밀 첨가 계통의 생식세포 제1중기 분열기에 두 Leymus 염색체의 대부분은 일가염색체를 보였다(98.1 ± 0.5%). 반면에 호밀 B 염색체를 가지고 있는 밀 첨가 계통에서 Leymus 이가염색체의 빈도(10.3 ± 0.2%)는 호밀 B 염색체를 가지고 있지 않은 밀 첨가 계통의 Leymus이가염색체의 빈도(1.9 ± 0.5%)보다 높았다. 호밀 B 염색체를 가지고 있지 않은 밀 첨가 계통에서는 비정상적인 구조를 가지고 있는 이가염색체가 관찰되었다. 반면, 비록 매우 낮은 빈도이지만 호밀 B 염색체를 가지고 있는 밀 첨가 계통에서는 정상적인 형태를 보이는 이가염색체가 확인되었다. 호밀 B 염색체의 영향은 또한 보통밀과 L. racemosus염색체 사이의 이가염색체의 형성을 유도하였으며, 보통밀과 L. mollis 염색체 사이의 삼가염색체의 형성도 유도하였다. 뿐만 아니라 보통밀 염색체 사이에서 초과 교차가 일어나는 것을 확인하였으며, 이러한 현상으로 원, 막대, 그리고 후라이팬 모양의 일반적인 이가염색체의 형태가 아닌 막대모양이나 응축된 형태의 보통밀 이가염색체가 확인되었다.

Copy Number Deletion Has Little Impact on Gene Expression Levels in Racehorses

  • Park, Kyung-Do;Kim, Hyeongmin;Hwang, Jae Yeon;Lee, Chang-Kyu;Do, Kyoung-Tag;Kim, Heui-Soo;Yang, Young-Mok;Kwon, Young-Jun;Kim, Jaemin;Kim, Hyeon Jeong;Song, Ki-Duk;Oh, Jae-Don;Kim, Heebal;Cho, Byung-Wook;Cho, Seoae;Lee, Hak-Kyo
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제27권9호
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    • pp.1345-1354
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    • 2014
  • Copy number variations (CNVs), important genetic factors for study of human diseases, may have as large of an effect on phenotype as do single nucleotide polymorphisms. Indeed, it is widely accepted that CNVs are associated with differential disease susceptibility. However, the relationships between CNVs and gene expression have not been characterized in the horse. In this study, we investigated the effects of copy number deletion in the blood and muscle transcriptomes of Thoroughbred racing horses. We identified a total of 1,246 CNVs of deletion polymorphisms using DNA re-sequencing data from 18 Thoroughbred racing horses. To discover the tendencies between CNV status and gene expression levels, we extracted CNVs of four Thoroughbred racing horses of which RNA sequencing was available. We found that 252 pairs of CNVs and genes were associated in the four horse samples. We did not observe a clear and consistent relationship between the deletion status of CNVs and gene expression levels before and after exercise in blood and muscle. However, we found some pairs of CNVs and associated genes that indicated relationships with gene expression levels: a positive relationship with genes responsible for membrane structure or cytoskeleton and a negative relationship with genes involved in disease. This study will lead to conceptual advances in understanding the relationship between CNVs and global gene expression in the horse.

Aspergillus nidulans의 유성분화에 관여하는 nsdC 유전자의 분리 및 분석 (Isolation and Characterization of the nsdC Gene in Sexual Development of Aspergillus nidulans)

  • 김혜련;한동민
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.246-251
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    • 2006
  • 사상성 진균인 Aspergillus nidulans에서 유성분화초기단계, 또는 유성분화유도를 위한 세포내 조건 형성과정에 관여할 것으로 예상되는 유전자를 탐색하였다. 선행연구결과를 통해 유성분화를 전혀 하지 못하는 NSD (never in sexual development) 돌연변이주가 분리되어 nsdA, nsdB, nsdC, 그리고 nsdD의 4상 보군으로 동정된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 이들 유전자 중 nsdC 유전자를 분리하고자 A. nidulans AMAl-Not I Genomic DNA library로 nsdC6 돌연변이균주를 형질전환하여 야생형처럼 유성분화를 할 수 있는 형질전환체를 분리하고 이들로부터 약 10 kb genomic DNA가 삽입된 library DNA를 분리하였다. Genomic priming system (GPS)을 이용하여 nsdC6 돌연변이를 상보하는 유전자의 부분 서열을 확보한 후 전체 DNA 염기서열을 결정하였다. 유전자분석 결과 nsdC는 intron 없이 1,929염기(643개의 아미노산)로 구성된 Open reading frame (ORF)를 가지며, 약 1kb 정도의 비교적 긴 5'-UTR 부위에 2개의 intron을 가지고 있음이 확인되었다. 또한 NsdC polypeptide의 중앙에 $C_2H_2C_2H_2C_2HC$ 형의 zinc finger DNA binding domain과 C 말단 부위에 coiled-coil domain이 존재하였다. nsdC6 돌연변이는ORF의 407 bp와 408 bp사이에 엽기 T가 삽입되어 frameshift가 일어난 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 nsdC6 돌연변이균주는 단지 139개 아미노산만 갖고 있는 결실 단백질이 생산됨을 알 수 있었다.

CTCF, Cohesin, and Chromatin in Human Cancer

  • Song, Sang-Hyun;Kim, Tae-You
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.114-122
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    • 2017
  • It is becoming increasingly clear that eukaryotic genomes are subjected to higher-order chromatin organization by the CCCTC-binding factor/cohesin complex. Their dynamic interactions in three dimensions within the nucleus regulate gene transcription by changing the chromatin architecture. Such spatial genomic organization is functionally important for the spatial disposition of chromosomes to control cell fate during development and differentiation. Thus, the dysregulation of proper long-range chromatin interactions may influence the development of tumorigenesis and cancer progression.