• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2017

Purpose: To identify the factors associated with differential diagnosis of neonatal bacterial meningitis at the earliest opportunities possible and to evaluate the value of the bacterial meningitis score especially in neonates. Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study of neonates diagnosed meningitis at our hospital between January 2000 and March 2014. We compared the general characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, bacterial meningitis scores between the bacterial group and the aseptic group. Results: Bacterial meningitis differs significantly from aseptic meningitis in platelet count, the cerebrospinal fluid polymorphonuclear leukocyte count, and the serum protein including also the albumin (P<0.05). Except two infants, the bacterial meningitis score over 2 accurately predict bacterial meningitis in the other 11 infants. Conclusion: The bacterial meningitis score appears highly useful to identify neonatal infants with bacterial meningitis. However, its diagnostic and prognostic value is just 'adjunctive', because low score cannot rule out bacterial meningitis.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2004

For measuring general bacterial count and Escherichia coli count, the standard plate count was used to conduct a test on 113 cases of pork carcass surfaces from slaughterhouses in Incheon area from January to February 2003. And Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes was used to conduct a test on 68 cases of pork carcass surfaces and 76 cases of feces, that is to say, a total of 144 cases. The results were obtained as follows: In the case of general bacterial count, 29 cases(25.7%) were in the range of 100∼999 and 62 cases(54.9%) were in the range of 1,000∼9,999 and 22 cases(19.4%) were in the range of 10,000∼99,999. Meanwhile as regards E coli count, 22 cases(19.4%) were in the range of 1∼9 and 69 cases(61.2%) were in the range of 10∼99 and 22 cases(19.4%) were in the range of 100∼999. On 68 cases of pork carcass surfaces, 7 strains(10.2%) of Salmonella spp, and 12 strains(17.6%) of S aureus were detected and 27 strains(39.7%) of L monocytogenes, respectively. As for the detected Salmonella spp, 6 strains of the B group, 3 strains of S enterica subsp salame and 2 strains of S typhimurium were detected, respectively. On 76 cases of feces, 14 strains(18.4%) of Salmonella spp, and 15 strains(19.7%) of L monocytogenes and 14 strains(18.4%) of S aureus were detected respectively. As for the detected Salmonella spp, 6 strains of the B group, 4 strains of S derby and 8 strains of the C group, 5 strains of S rissen were detected, respectively. All of 42 strains of L monocytogenes were type 1. As a result of conducting a toxin test on the detected S aureus, all of 26 strains were found to be non-toxin.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.748-756
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of using a tunnel ventilation system within the dairy barn environment upon the productivity of dairy cows during the winter season. Methods: The study was performed at the University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University. Twenty-one Holstein dairy cows (5 heifers and 16 multiparous) were enclosed in a stall barn. Unventilated (UV) and tunnel-ventilated (TV) was operated by turns every other week, and a number of key parameters were measured in the barn, including tunnel ventilation output, temperature, relative humidity, gas concentrations (oxygen [$O_2$], carbon dioxide [$CO_2$], and ammonia [$NH_3$]). Also, skin and rectal temperature, respiratory rate, blood gas concentrations, and bacterial count were measured from nipple attachments on ten cows. The amount of fodder left uneaten, and general components and somatic cell count of the milk were measured. Results: As for our dairy barn environment, air temperature dropped significantly with the passage of time with TV. Humidity was significantly higher with TV at 0600 h compared to UV, while $CO_2$ and $NH_3$ concentrations with UV were significantly higher than with TV at 0000 h and 0600 h. Skin temperature was significantly lower with TV compared to UV at 0000 h and 0600 h. Respiratory rate was also significantly lower at 0600 h with TV than with UV. Bacterial count for the nipple attachments was significantly lower with TV than with UV at 0600 h. The amount of leftover fodder was significantly less with TV in comparison with UV. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a TV system in the winter barn results in environmental improvements, such as reductions in unfavorable gas concentrations and bacterial growth. Consequently, it is expected that barns utilizing a TV system will be beneficial for both animal health and production.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.237-241
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• 2016

2016년 4월부터 6월까지 제주특별자치도에 위치한 대중음식점, 커피전문점 및 제과 제빵점 등에서 제공하는 일회용 물티슈를 대상으로 미생물의 오염도를 평가하였다. 사용된 재료는 일회용 물티슈 55종을 사용하였다. 대중음식점 일회용 물티슈 55종의 평균 세균 수는 $4.14{\times}10^3CFU/mL$이었으며, 세균이 자라지 않은 물티슈는 5종이었다. 가장 높게 측정된 세균 수는 2종의 물티슈에서 $16.67{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ 이상으로 나타났다. 순수 분리한 총 균수는 71균주이며, 이 중 황색포도알균(Staphylococcus aureus) 15균주, 녹농균(Pseudomonas aeruginosa) 3균주를 동정하였다. 이는 대중음식점에서 공급하는 물티슈의 세균 오염도가 심각하다는 것을 반영하며 기회감염의 원인이 되는 Staphylococcus aureus와, Pseudomonas aeruginosa가 발견된 것은 주목할 만하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 한 번 사용 후 버리는 일회용품이며, 수개월 내지는 1~2년 보관하면서 사용하는 제품인 일회용 물티슈의 위생관련 기준 마련에 기초자료를 제공하고 대중음식점 등에 대한 위생관리 감독 강화와 개선방안 및 개인 위생관리 및 국민보건 수준향상에 기여 하고자 한다

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.372-379
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect on antibacterial activities and wound healing effect of silver containing dressings with which of Betadine against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: One full thickness skin defects in rats(n=72) were developed on the back and were given rise to infection with S. aureus(n=36) and P. aeruginosa(n=36). The 72 mice were divided into 6 groups : Acticoat$^{(R)}$, Aquacel$^{(R)}$-Ag, Medifoam silver$^{(R)}$, Polymen silver$^{(R)}$, Ilvadon$^{(R)}$ and Betadine(control group) dressing groups. Five silver containing dressings and Betadine were assesed on infected wound. Measurement of wound size change, bacterial colonies count and histologic findings was applied. Antibacterial activity was analyzed with bacterial restricted zone in Mueller Hinton agar. Results: On S. aureus, wound size was more decreased in all treated groups as compared with betadine, however Ilvadon$^{(R)}$ was less decreased on P. aeruginosa. In histologic findings, experimental group showed more effective findings than others on S. aureus, however on P. aeruginosa, which was showed similar. Acticoat$^{(R)}$ was best effective in wound healing against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The bacterial colonies count was increased in all treated groups except Acticoat$^{(R)}$ as compared with the control group on S. aureus, which was decreased in Acticoat$^{(R)}$ and Ilvadon$^{(R)}$ group on P. aeruginosa. There were not statistical differences. The restricted zone was shown in Mueller - Hinton agar of all groups except Medifoam silver$^{(R)}$ group on S. aureus, which was shown of all groups on P. aeruginosa. There were statistical differences. Conclusion: This study suggests that silver containing dressings may have not better potential than Betadine in assisting management of wounds at risk of infection on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. However, which have better antibacterial activity on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

서울에 위치한 20개 종합병원의 중환자실, 일반병동 입원실, 환자대기실과 병원 실외 4곳 공기중의 일반 세균수와 곰팡이수를 측정하였으며, 기회 감염균을 검출하였다. 97-410 cfu/㎥의 일반세균수와 37-77 cfu/㎥의 진균이 검출되었으며 중환자실이 가장 낮은 미생물의 오염도를 보였으며 환자대기실이 가장 높은 오염도를 나타내었다. 18종의 진균이 분리되었으며 Aspergillus spp.가 가장 높은 빈도로 검출되었으며, 그 다음으로 Penicillium, Alternaria, Cladosporium 속 등이 검출되었다. Staphylococcus spp. 중에서는 S. haemolyticus와 S. epidermis가 가장 높은 빈도로 검출되었으며 검출된 Staphylococcus spp. 중 47%가 중환자실에서 검출되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2002

Contamination levels of pathogenic microorganisms in 145 cases of beef, which were distributed in Gwangju province, had been investigated in each distributed stage and also monitored by general bacterial count and E coli count index. General bacterial count of beef from the slaughterhouse was 10$^4$cfu/g less than the level of promotion(10 cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$) and E coli count index was also under the level of 10$^2$cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$ recommended level of the ministry of agriculture and forestry. Pathogenic microorganisms were detected from 23.2% of samples in the consumption stage, 12.5% in the slaughtering stage and 5.6% in the transporting and processing stage. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in the largest number and its ratio was 9.0%, listeria monocytogenes 5.5% and salmonella spp 1.4%. There were no samples that bacteria had been detected dually. E coli O157:H7 and campylobacter jejuni were not isolated. In raw and chilled beef, isolation rate of pathogenic microorganisms were 13.3% and 16.5% each. Especially in raw beef, L monocytogenes was. isolated in 3 samples among 30 cases (10%) and S aureus in one sample (3.3%). According to a scale of meat store, isolation rates of pathogenic microorganisms were different. It was 28.6% in the small-scale meat store and 16.7% in the large-scale meat store each. Four cases (16.7%) of S aureus were isolated in the large-scale meat store and seven cases (20.0%) of L monocytogenes and 2 cases (5.7%) of salmonella spp were isolated in the small-scale meat store. S aureus was isolated in two places among 10 feeding facilities of the elementary school. This result shows that the sanitation of elementary school feeding facilities is so poor and more careful policy consideration is needed. Eleven strains of S aureus isolated showed ${\beta}$-hemolysis on blood agar, 1 strain ${\alpha}$-hemolysis, and 1 strain ${\gamma}$-hemolysis. Isolated strains of L monocytogenes were reconfirmed in 560 bp by PCR. Conclusively, these results show that the sanitary condition in the stages of slaughtering, transportation-processing and consumption influences the degree of pathogenic microorganisms contamination in beef severely It is necessary to apply thoroughly hazard analysis critical control point in a process of beef distribution and also to develop rapid test methods for microorganism diagnosis. This effort is very important for the supply of safe and clean meat from farm to table and helpful for the improvement of public health.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.155-166
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• 1980

어육 연제품의 부패에 관여하는 세균의 보급원이 되고있는 부원료의 미생물 오염 실태를 알기 위하여 어육 소시지 가공공장과 시중에서 채취한 녹말, 각종 향신료 및 조미료 20종에 총 시료수 59점에 대하에 생균수, 대장균군, 분변계대장균, 곰팡이 및 효모, 내열균, 호기성 아포형성균(중온 및 고온균), 혐기성 아포형성균(중온 및 고온균), 혐기성 황화수소변패 아포형성균을 조사하였다. 1. 부원료 중 녹말, 후추, 고추가루, 양파, 마늘, 생강, 육즙, 프랑크 등은 일반세균 및 포자형성균의 오염이 높았으며 시판품이 가공공장의 것보다 세균함량이 많았다. 2. 생균수가 높았던 시료는 내열균, 호기성 아포형성 중온균 및 고온균의 함량이 높았다. 3. 가공공장의 후추와 육즙, 시판품의 후추, 고추가루, 양파, 마늘 등은 외국의 세균관계기준을 초과하고 있다. 4. 생균수는 가공공장의 후추, 밀가루, 양파, 마늘이 $10^4$~$10^{5}$ /g이었고 시판의 후추, 고춧가루, 양파, 마늘이 $10^{5}$ ~$10^{7}$ /g이였으며 후추정유와 색소에서는 검출되지 않았다. 5. 대장균군이 검출된 시료는 생균수의 함량이 높았던 종류들이며 후추, 고추가루를 제외한 다른 시료에서는 분변계대장균이 검출되지 아니하였다. 6. 곰팡이 및 효모는 가공공장의 녹말, 밀가루, 후추가 140~460/g이었고 시판하는 후추와 고추가루는 $10^3$/g이였으며, 다른 시료에서는 검출되지 아니 하였다. 7. 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 5분간 끓인 후 55$^{\circ}C$에서 배양한 혐기성 황화수소변패 아포형성균은 본 실험에 제공된 어느 시료에서도 검출되지 않았다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1728-1733
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• 2015

This study was done to establish a mouse model for catheter-related biofilm infection suitable to bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) Xen5 grown on catheter disks in vitro and in an implanted mouse model was real-time monitored during a 7-day study period using BLI. The numbers of integrated brightness (IB) and viable bacterial count (VBC) in the biofilm disks in vitro were highest at 24 h after inoculation; the IB of biofilm in vivo was increased until 24 h after implantation. A statistical correlation was observed between IB and VBC in vitro by linear regression analysis. The actual VBC value in vivo can be estimated accurately by IB without sacrifice. In addition, we monitored the change in white blood cells (WBCs) during infection. The number of WBCs on day 7 was significantly higher in the infection group than in the control group. This study indicates that BLI is a simple, fast, and sensitive method to measure catheter biofilm infection in mice.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2022

프로칼시토닌(procalcitonin, PCT)은 세균성과 바이러스성의 감염을 구별하기 위한 과학적 근거와 진단상의 중요한 단서를 제공한다. 프로칼시토닌이 높은 환자의 임상적 특성과 예후를 조사하고 임상적 진단을 향상시키고자 한다. 프로칼시토닌이 일반적인 집단에서 패혈증의 유병률과 연관성이 있는지를 결정한다. 이에 본 연구는 1년 동안 프로칼시토닌을 검사한 외래 환자(127명)의 C-반응성단백과 혈구산정검사의 결과를 기반으로 후향적 조사연구이다. 분석에 사용된 데이터는 프로칼시토닌, C-반응 단백 그리고 혈구산정검사이다. PCT의 결과가 높은 군의 CRP와 WBC의 양성율은 정상군보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 프로칼시토닌 수준의 특이성과 민감도는 C-반응단백과 백혈구 수준보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 또한. 프로칼시토닌의 결과값을 삼분위한 그룹의 분석에서는 낮은 군과 중간군의 값에 비해 높은 군의 값이 평균보다 높은 것으로 나타났다(P<.001). 상관분석에서는 프로칼시토닌은 C-반응단백, 백혈구(호중구, 림프구 포함)에서 양의 상관성을 보였다(P<.001). 이 연구의 주된 발견은 높은 프로칼시토닌은 C-반응성단백, 백혈구들의 수준에서 높은 연관성을 보이며 진단적 가치를 확인하였다. 따라서 이러한 관련 인자들은 환자의 감염진단과 항생제 치료에 중요한 진단적 및 치료적 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.