• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

This study investigated childhood eating behavior, the influence of eating behavior on the positive and negative emotionality of children, and the pattern or eating behavior influence on emotionality depending on the age and gender of children. A total of 202 children (ages 5 to 7) were selected from 3 nurseries and 1 kindergarten ill Seoul and the survey data responses from teachers were analyzed. The results were as follows. First, children with higher levels of eating behavior showed a higher positive emotionality score compared to those with lower levels of eating behavior. The effect of gender was not significant and positive emotionality tended to increase in the 5 and 6 year old groups as the level of eating behavior increased; in addition, it was generally similar in the 7 year old group. Second, the children with lower level, of eating behavior showed a higher negative emotionality score compared to those with higher levels of eating behavior. The main effects by age and gender were insignificant; however, the interaction of age and eating behavior affected the negative emotionality of children. The eating behavior of children affects emotionality and children with better eating behaviors showed more positive emotional responses and less negative emotional responses in the same circumstances.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.2 s.80
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• pp.209-219
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effect of individual-, parents-, and game-related variables on game addiction. Totally, 1065 10 to 18-year-olds participated and completed questionnaires. Male students had more tendency to game addition than female students. No difference in the level of addiction, however, was appeared among elementary, junior-high, and high school groups, which means that many young children are already Same-addicted. More severely addicted children and adolescents showed higher level of impulsivity, more difficulties in communication with their parents, and more expectation of psychological gratification and interpersonal relationship through the internet games. The relative effects of these independent variables to game addiction were different among gender*school groups. Firstly, impulsivity was significant only in boys of elementary group. Secondly, for the junior-high group, communication with father and mother was important to boys and girls, repectively. Lastly, expected gratification from gaming itself mainly predicted high school students' game addiction, irrespective of gender. The findings of this study suggest that earlier intervention to young garners should be carried out. It is also indicated that parents' and teachers' role for guidance of the internet games would be different with children's gender and developmental stages.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2015

This research mainly focuses on intonational characteristics of synchronous English speech. Intonation contours were extracted from 1,848 utterances produced in two different speaking modes (solo vs. synchronous) by 28 (12 women and 16 men) native speakers of English. Synchronous speech is found to be slower than solo speech. Women are found to speak slower than men. The effect size of speech rate caused by different speaking modes is greater than gender differences. However, there is no interaction between the two factors (speaking modes vs. gender differences) in terms of speech rate. Analysis of pitch point features has it that synchronous speech has smaller Pt (pitch point movement time), Pr (pitch point pitch range), Ps (pitch point slope) and Pd (pitch point distance) than solo speech. There is no interaction between the two factors (speaking modes vs. gender differences) in terms of pitch point features. Analysis of sentence level features reveals that synchronous speech has smaller Sr (sentence level pitch range), Ss (sentence slope), MaxNr (normalized maximum pitch) and MinNr (normalized minimum pitch) but greater Min (minimum pitch) and Sd (sentence duration) than solo speech. It is also shown that the higher the Mid (median pitch), the MaxNr and the MinNr in solo speaking mode, the more they are reduced in synchronous speaking mode. Max, Min and Mid show greater speaker discriminability than other features.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.346-354
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in the association between caregiver's activities and caregiving burden according to gender and family relationship of caregivers of older people with dementia. This study used data from the Caregivers of Alzheimer's Disease Research survey (n=476). The association between caregiving activities and care burden was analyzed by multiple regression. In this study, the caregivers were predominantly spouses, followed by daughters. The care burden, especially personal burden, and depression were significantly higher in women than men. The spouses (either male or female), compared with the sons and daughters, spent significantly more time providing care. Care time and depression of caregivers and physical disability of the patient were significantly correlated with care burden. Among the caregiving activities, using transportation, dressing, eating, looking after appearance, and supervising were significantly associated with care burden. The daughters and daughters-in-law presented more care burden with higher number of care days, and the female spouse who were younger tended to experience higher care burden. Daughters who provided longer time looking after appearance exhibited higher care burden. For female spouse, eating time was significantly associated with care burden. The association between caregiving activities and care burden of caregivers of people with dementia differed by gender and family relationship with the patient. This study was characterized by analyzing the effect of caregiving activities on caregiving burden by gender and family relationship of caregivers.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.95-120
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the levels of assets and income of male- and female-headed households. A series of analyses of data from the 2013 Korean Household Finance and Welfare Survey on the economic resources of single-parent households were conducted. One of the major findings was that in a comparison between male-headed households and female-headed households, the levels of assets and income in female-headed households were lower than those in male-headed households. The labor income in male households was almost two times higher than that in female households. Housing conditions with respect to male households were more secure and better than those in female households. The factors influencing the levels of economic resources in single-parent households varied in terms of the type of economic resources. Gender, employment status, family characteristics and household income were statistically significant factors with respect to the levels of assets in single-parent households. The level of household income was influenced by gender, education, employment status and the number of household members. The effect of employment status on housing conditions was significant.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the effect of household types on the occurrence of chronic diseases depending on gender and to identify the factors associated with chronic disease occurrence in one-person households. Methods: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted using the data of 15,949 adults with the age of 19 years or older from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2015). Results: For male, the risk of chronic disease occurrence was higher in one-person households than in multi-person households, and the same held true after adjusting for the confounding factors. For female, no significant relationship was found between household types and chronic disease occurrence. Factors associated with chronic disease occurrence were age, employment state, marital state, smoking, perceived stress, and depression in male, and age, employment state, physical activity, and obesity in female. Conclusion: It is necessary to monitor the disparity in health depending on household types in male. Additionally, providing a gender specific chronic disease prevention and health enhancement program is required.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.137-158
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• 2021

Purpose This study aims to investigate which factors have impact on the acceptance intention of new electronic ID. For the empirical analysis, this study utilized PLS-SEM after collecting 385 survey data, and analyzed relations between each factors. Design/methodology/approach This study made a design of the research model by integrating the factors deducted from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology with the factors deducted from the Risk Factors. Findings The results are as follow; First, of the UTAUT factors, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy and Social Influence and has positive impact on Acceptance Intention, but Facilitating Conditions doesn't have meaningful impact on Acceptance Intention. Second, of the Risk factors, Innovation Resistance has negative impact on Acceptance Intention, but Perceived Risk dose not have meaningful impact on Acceptance Intention. Finally, regulatory effect of the Promotion Focus, Prevention Focus and Gender has regulatory impact to Acceptance intention. It is expected that the implications of this study enables government effectively to offer new electronic ID.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.38-52
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• 2019

This study aimed to examine the factors associated with emotional imagery from Obanggansaek and to analyze the difference between emotional imagery and the preference for Obanggansaek according to demographic characteristics. This study surveyed the responses of 320 participants to a questionnaire. The subjects consisted of men and women in their 20s-50s living in Gyeongnam and Busan region. The data were processed with SPSS 20.0 and were analyzed using factor analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test. The results obtained were as follows. Five emotional imagery factors were associated with Obanggansaek: modernity, attractiveness, conspicuousness, soft/hard feeling, and newness. The analysis of emotional imagery for Obanggansaek according to demographic characteristics showed a significant difference in modernity, attractiveness, conspicuousness, and newness with respect to gender; in attractiveness with respect to marital status; in modernity, conspicuousness, soft/hard feeling, and newness with respect to age; in attractiveness and conspicuousness with respect to monthly income; and in attractiveness, soft/hard feeling, and newness with respect to occupation. The analysis of preference for Obangganasek according to demographic characteristics showed that women, married people, people in their 50s, and specialists preferred Obanggansaek the most. The interaction effect between preference for Obanggansaek and the demographic variables showed significant differences between gender and age, gender and occupation, marital status and monthly income, age and occupation, and monthly income and occupation.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.121-137
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• 2018

Objectives: This study examined the effects of perceived equity in decision-making and gender role attitudes on marital satisfaction among Chinese-Han and Korean-Chinese migrant women. Methods: Data were drawn from the 'National Survey on the Multi-Cultural Families in 2015' and 1,350 Chinese migrant women born after 1979 under the implementation of "one child policy" were selected. Chi-squared test, t-test, and multiple regression analysis were performed for analysis. Results: There were differences between Chinese-Han and Korean-Chinese in marital satisfaction and perceived equity in decision-making. For Chinese-Han, 'balanced group (perceived fairness in decision-making)' showed higher marital satisfaction than 'underbenefited group (husband is more dominant in decision-making)'. For Korean-Chinese, there was no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: This study found how the perception of equity in decision-making would affect the quality of international marriage relationship. Especially, for Chinese-Han women, the equity plays an important role in marriage relationship.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.451-463
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• 2022

Purpose: This study examined the reciprocal relationships between depression and income, and gender differences in these relationships among older adults in South Korea. Methods: Using 2015 to 2019 of the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS), we studied 6,070 older adults (2,394 men and 3,676 women) aged 60 years over in 2015. The generalized estimating equation was employed to explore the effect of an individual income on depression and the reverse causal link-that of depression on income. Results: The study found the reciprocal relationships between income and depression. Income has a significant impact on depression. Higher-income was linked to decreased risks of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scores among older adults (B = - 0.121, p < 0.001). Estimates of the reverse causal link show that higher CES-D scores were also linked to income reduction among Korean older adults (B = - 0.007, p < 0.001). In addition, we also observed gender differences in the impact of income on depression but not in the reverse causal link. Income has more detrimental to psychological consequence for older men (B = - 0.108, p < 0.001) than older women (B = - 0.057, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The finding implies that both psychological and social protection policies for the elderly are needed in view of gender perspective.