• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.4
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• pp.29-59
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• 2001

In der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um die Satzgliedstellung und die Informationsstruktur im Mittelfeld des Deutschen. $F\"{u}r$ die erfolgreiche Beschreibung der Satzgliedstellung und der Informationsstruktur sollte man $zun\"{a}chst$ die grammatischen Bedingungen der Satzgliedstellung genau untersuchen. Dann kann man erwarten, dass die Subtraktion der grammatischen Bedingungen die kommunikativ relevante Struktur der Satzgliedstellung $blo{\ss}legt$. Beides ist aber so verzahnt, dass als erfolgversprechender Vorgehensweg nur bleibt, von einer kommunikativ neutralen Grundreihenfoge der Stellungsglieder auszugehen und alle Abweichungen davon als kontextuell gesteuerte $Ma{\ss}nahmen$ der Informationsstruktur zu deuten. Die grammatischen Bedingungen der Stellungsglieder im Mittelfeld haben $gem\"{a}{\ss}$ dem kategorialen Status, den morpho-syntaktischen Faktoren und der semantischen Rolle die Grundreihenfolge bestimmt. Und nach diesen grammatischen Bedingungen wird die Grundreihenfolge in die bewegliche und die feste Anordnung geteilt. Die feste bzw. bewegliche Anordnung der Stellungsglieder ist $f\"{u}r$ die Betrachtung der syntaktischen und kommunikativen Struktur im Deutschen von $gro{\ss}er$ Bedeutung. Die Grundreihenfolge im Mittelfeld bezieht sich nicht auf den Kontext. Sie ist deshalb merkmallos. Aber wenn diese Foige aufgrund der Veranderungen des Kontextes und der Situation makiert wird, kann diese Grundreihenfolge thematisiert und rhematisiert werden. Wie die Thema-Rhema Struktur $f\"{u}r$ den Ausdruck des Mitteilungswertes in einem Satz aussieht, wird von dem kognitiven Gesichtspunkt und dem sprachlichen Kontext entschieden. Mit diesem Textkontext spielt die engere Verbindung zu dem finiten Verb $f\"{u}r$ den Mitteilungswert eine $gro{\ss}e$ Rolle. Deshalb kann man sagen: Je enger die Stellungsglieder syntaktisch und semantisch an dem finiten Verb sind, desto $h\"{o}her$ wird ihr Mitteilungswert. Und wegen der engen Beziehungen zwischen der grammatischen Struktur und der Informationsstruktur haben wir versucht, die beiden Strukturen in der gegenseitigen $Abh\"{a}ngigkeit\;zu\;ber\"{u}cksichtigen$.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.57-61
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• 2008

Non-nucleus Abalone half pearls were cultured by a new technique and their structural characteristics were analyzed using an electron microscopy. This technique was found to grow the pearls depending on the shape of the internal organ of an abalone because this technique induces the pearl layers without adding any nucleus on the specified damage region of a shell. The obtained pearls exhibit natural shapes with a specific luster. The SEM analysis shows that the pearl layers are about $0.34{\mu}m$ with an uniform thickness and the surface of the shell is characterized by the pyramid-shaped bulge with a regular arrangement, which is a typical feature of single-shell. These characteristics of the pearls are thought to develop in the highly-valued Korean gems.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.488-495
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• 2017

In this study, we conducted the kinetic hydration modeling of OPC and the final product according to the substitution ratio of GGBS by using the geochemical code, GEMS, in order to calculate the thermodynamic equilibrium. The thermodynamic data was used by GEMS's 3rd party database, Cemdata18, and the cement hydration model, the Parrot & Killoh model was applied to simulate the hydration process. In OPC modeling, ion concentration of pore solution and hydration products by mass and volume were observed according to time. In the GGBS modeling, as the substitution rate increases, the amount of C-S-H, which contributes the long-term strength, increases, but the amount of Portlandite decreases, which leads to carbonation and steel corrosion. Therefore, it is necessary to establish prevention of some deterioration.

• Atmosphere
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 2014

In the Korea Meteorological Administration earth system model (HadGEM2-AO), cloud drop number concentration is determined from aerosol number concentration according to the observed relationship between aerosol and cloud drop number concentrations. However, the observational dataset used for establishing the relationship was obtained from limited regions of the earth and therefore may not be representative of the entire earth. Here we reestablished the relationship between aerosol and cloud drop number concentrations based on a composite of observational dataset obtained from many different regions around the world that includes the original dataset. The new relationship tends to provide lower cloud drop number concentration for aerosol number concentration < 600 $cm^{-3}$ and the opposite for > 600 $cm^{-3}$. This new empirical relationship was applied to the KMA earth system model and the historical run (1861~2005) is made again. Here only the 30 year (1861~1890) averages from the runs with the new and the original relationships between aerosol and cloud drop number concentrations (newHIST and HIST, respectively) were compared. For this early period aerosol number concentrations were generally lower than 600 $cm^{-3}$ and therefore cloud drop number concentrations were generally lower but cloud drop effective radii were larger for newHIST than for HIST. The results from the complete historical run with the new relationship are expected to show more significant differences from the original historical run.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.426-431
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• 2007

To investigate the possible mechanisms of high-altitude native animals in adapting to high altitude, we cloned hemoglobin alpha-chain (alpha-chain Hb) gene from Pantholops hodgsonii, an animal species that indigenously lives at elevations of 3700-5500 m on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, the alpha-chain Hb gene was amplified from total RNA in the liver of the Pantholops hodgsonii. TA cloning technique was used and the PCR product was cloned into pGEM-T vector. The DNA sequence of the gene was highly homologous with sheep (99.1%), goat (98.6%), cattle (95.6%) and human (86.5%). The alpha-chain Hb gene encoded a 142-amino acid protein that could be identified with the homology of alpha-chain Hb protein in sheep (98%), goat (96%), cattle (91%) and human (87%). However, 18 alternations were detected when compared with the alpha-chain Hb gene in human, and 2 in sheep. Moreover, the alterations of a117 GluAsp and $\alpha$132 AsnSer in important regions were noted in human and sheep, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the structure of alpha-chain Hb was highly similar to that in sheep. This study provided essential information for elucidating the possible roles of hemoglobin in adapting to extremely high altitude in Pantholops hodgsonii.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.409-414
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• 2017

In the thin strip coiling process, it is necessary to use a sleeve with a mandrel to prevent excessive deformation of the strip. The stress distribution in the sleeve and strip is an important factor to determine the size of the sleeve. However, an experimental approach is almost impossible because of the accumulation of high pressure. A finite element (FE) model of the strip coiling process was developed in this study. Then, the radial and hoop stresses on the sleeve and strip were investigated using FE analyses. The theoretical values and analysis results under idealized conditions were compared to verify the FE model. The effect of the strip thickness on the stress distribution was also investigated. The radial stress increased by 6.3 times for a 1-mm-thick strip at the coil starting point. The radial stress at the sleeve increased by 14.8 % with a stacked thickness of 90 mm because of the reaction force applied by the mandrel.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2017

Background: Although there have been multiple reports on surgical outcomes of superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions in overhead athletes, only a few reports exist in the literature about the results of nonoperative treatment in elite (collegiate or professional) overhead athletes. To determine the clinical outcomes of nonoperative treatment of SLAP lesions in elite overhead athletes. Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2011, 69 patients were selected. Initial arthroscopic SLAP repair was performed in 19 patients and of the 50 patients who underwent nonsurgical treatment, such as range of motion gain and periscapular muscle strengthening, 14 patients were converted to surgical treatment; 5 patients were lost to follow-up. Medical records of 31 elite overhead athletes who underwent nonsurgical treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Four clinical outcome measures were used: visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, VAS for satisfaction, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and subjective feeling of recovery. Results: The average follow-up period was 35.9 months (range, 24-62 months). The VAS for pain decreased from 6.5 to 2.2 (p<0.01) and VAS for satisfaction was 7.6. The ASES score increased from 54.1 to 85.9 (p<0.01). The overall average value of subjective feeling of recovery was 72%. Twenty-three out of 31 elite athletes (74.2%) returned to play after rehabilitation; these 23 athletes performed at the same or higher levels after rehabilitation. Conclusions: Nonsurgical treatment in elite overhead athletes with SLAP lesion should be considered as a treatment option.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.66-66
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• 1999

최근 들어 다결정 SiGe은 MOS(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)에서 기존에 사용되던 다결정 Si 공정과의 호환성 및 여러 장점으로 인하여 다결정 Si 대안으로 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 고농도로 도핑된 P type의 다결정 SiGe은 Ge의 함량에 따른 일함수의 조절과 낮은 비저항으로 submicrometer CMOS 공정에서 게이트 전극으로 이용하려는 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 55$0^{\circ}C$ 이하의 낮은 온도에서도 증착이 가능하고, 도펀트의 활성화도가 높아서 TFT(Thin Film Transistor)에서도 유용한 재료로 검토되고 있다. 현재까지 다결정 SiGe의 증착은 MBE, APCVD, RECVD. HV/LPCVD 등 다양한 방법으로 이루어지고 있다. 이중 HV/LPCVD 방법을 이용한 증착은 반도체 공정에서 게이트 전극, 유전체, 금속화 공정 등 다양한 공정에서 사용되고 있는 방법으로 현재 사용되고 있는 반도체 공정과의 호환성의 장점으로 다결정 SiGe 게이트 전극의 증착 공정에 적합하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 HV/LPCVD 방법을 이용하여 게이트 전극으로의 활용을 위한 다결정 SiGe의 증착 메카니즘을 분석하고 Ex-situ implantation 후 열처리에 따라 나타나는 활성화 정도를 분석하였다. 도펀트를 첨가하지 않은 다결정 SiGe을 주성엔지니어링의 EUREKA 2000 장비를 이용하여, 1000$\AA$의 열산화막이 덮혀있는 8 in 웨이퍼에 증착하였다. 증착 온도는 55$0^{\circ}C$에서 6$25^{\circ}C$까지 변화를 주었으며, 증착압력은 1mtorr-4mtorr로 유지하였다. 낮은 증착압력으로 인한 증착속도의 감소를 방지하기 위하여 Si source로서 Si2H6를 사용하였으며, Ge의 Source는 수소로 희석된 10% GeH4와 100% GeH4를 사용하였다. 증착된 다결정 SiGe의 Ge 함량은 RBS, XPS로 분석하였으며, 증착된 박막의 두께는 Nanospec과 SEM으로 관찰하였다. 또한 Ge 함량 변화에 따른 morphology 관찰과 변화 관찰을 위하여 AFM, SEM, XRD를 이용하였으며, 이온주입후 열처리 온도에 따른 활성화 정도의 관찰을 위하여 4-point probe와 Hall measurement를 이용하였다. 증착된 다결정 SiGe의 두게를 nanospec과 SEM으로 분석한 결과 Gem이 함량이 적을 때는 높은 온도에서의 증착이 더 빠른 증착속도를 나타내었지만, Ge의 함량이 30% 되었을 때는 온도에 관계없이 일정한 것으로 나타났다. XRD 분석을 한 결과 Peak의 위치가 순수한 Si과 순수한 Ge 사이에 존재하는 것으로 나타났으며, ge 함량이 많아짐에 따라 순수한 Ge쪽으로 옮겨가는 경향을 보였다. SEM, ASFM으로 증착한 다결정 SiGe의 morphology 관찰결과 Ge 함량이 높은 박막의 입계가 다결정 Si의 입계에 비해 훨씬 큰 것으로 나타났으며 근 값도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1064-1072
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• 2001

It is very important to evaluate material degradation like temper and carbide embrittlements to secure the reliable and efficient operational conditions and to prevent brittle failure in service. The extent of material deterioration can be accurately evaluated by mechanical test such as impact test or creep test. But it is almost impossible to sample a large specimen from in-service plants. Thus, the material degradation evaluation by a non-destructive method is earnestly required. Recently the non-destructive test technique which uses the grain boundary etching characteristics owing to the variation of material structures has been proposed. However the program for material degradation evaluation using the grain boundary etching method(GEM) in Windows 98 domain doesnt be developed now. The aims of this paper are to develop the program and to complete the new master curve equations for the evaluation of material degradation on in-serviced high temperature components.

• Atmosphere
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2017

It is imperative to understand the characteristics of atmospheric circulation patterns under the climate system due to its impact on climatic factors. Thus this study focused on analyzing the impact of the atmospheric circulation on the relationship between precipitation and temperature regionally. Here we used monthly gridded observational data (i.e., CRU-TS3.2, NOAA-20CR V2c) and HadGEM2-AO climate model by RCP8.5, for the period of 1960~1999 and 2060~2099. The experiment results indicated that the negative relationship was presented over East Asia and Europe during summer. On the other hand, at around Korea (i.e. EA1: $31^{\circ}N{\sim}38^{\circ}N$, $126^{\circ}E{\sim}140^{\circ}E$) and Northwestern Europe (i.e. EU1: $48^{\circ}N{\sim}55^{\circ}N$, $0^{\circ}E{\sim}16^{\circ}E$) in winter, strong positive relationship dominate due to warm moist advection come from ocean related to intensity variation of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), respectively. It was found that values of positive relation in EA1 and EU1 at the end of the 21st century is regionally greater than at the end of 20th century during winter since magnitude of variation of the EAWM and NAO is projected to be greater in the future as result of simulation with RCP 8.5. Future summer, the negative correlations are weakened in EA1 region while strengthened in EU1 region. For better understanding of correlations with respect to RCP scenarios, a further study is required.