• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.475-480
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• 2001

Mechanical properties of mortars and concretes blended with GCC(Ground Calcium Carbonate slurry) and silica fume were investigated. Results from this study showed that air contents of mortars were constant regardless of replacement of GCC and flow values of mortars were decreased with replacement of it. Especially, mortars and concretes replaced with 10% of GCC had a good trend with respect to compressive strength. In case of simultaneous use of GCC and silica fume, the workability and compressive strength of the concretes seem not to be any problems in mechanical properties. This study indicated that the most reasonable replacement of GCC was 10% and the addition as fine aggregate was more effective than that as binder.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05b
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• pp.217-220
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• 2006

This paper describes a study undertaken to determine the effect of ground calcium carbonate(GCC) cement mortar with respect to sulfate attack. It were investigated visual appearance and expansion of cement mortars with GCC immersed in artificial solution of 5% sodium sulfate during 510days. According to increasing replacement of GCC, the expansion ratio was comparatively superior to GCC0 mortar specimen. The test results indicated that cement mortars with GCC was benefit the resistance of sulfate attack due to micro filler effect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1001-1005
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• 2003

Most electronic chassis control systems until today have been designed with optimization on its own performance. Recently, however. importance of the global chassis control (GCC) concept that aims to achieve optimal performance on a global basis is more emphasized than ever, as the x-by-wire technology is rapidly progressing. In this research, a study has been done for developing a GCC logic for combining longitudinal, lateral, and vertical chassis control subsystems. A simulation has been performed to investigate interactions among the subsystems, and based upon the results, a GCC logic has been developed. The logic has been tested under various driving conditions. and the results have been compared with those from implementing subsystems without any GCC logic.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.82-88
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• 2008

ARM processors are being utilized in a variety of embedded systems. It is also that most ARM processor accepts C application, and then generates ARM assembly code using GNU gcc Cross-compiler. For the purpose of improving the quality of code generated and the efficient code generation, the various researches are underway. In this paper, we generates the ARM assembly code from the ANSI C programs using Syntax-directed Translation Techniques, and then the performance evaluation results for our research experimental compare to GNU gcc Cross-compiler are described. The techniques are presented in this research compared to GNU gcc cross-compiler very simple and convenient in extension of the production rules.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.11-19
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• 2021

The study aims to investigate the impact of seasonality in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries' share market during the month of Ramadan. It helps in finding the opportunities for stock market investors to earn abnormal (returns) gain by investing during Ramadan in GCC stock markets. This study uses stock returns data of GCC countries (Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Dubai, and UAE) from January 2004 to November 2019. Stock prices indexes of GCC stock markets have been obtained from Datastream. The ARCH-GARCH model is used to study the impact of the Ramadan month on the return and volatility of the stock market in GCC countries. The results showed that the Ramadan month has a significant impact on share market prices in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. However, Ramadan has an insignificant impact on share market prices in Bahrain and Oman. The study found no evidence of serial correlational between residuals in Kuwait; meaning that stock return was not dependent on the prior stock returns in Kuwait, therefore, we cannot go for forecasting. The ARCH-LM test statistic for Qatar does not fulfill the requirement of a good regression model; therefore, we cannot go for forecasting or testing the hypothesis of Qatar.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1124-1131
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• 2012

Four Thai - rumen fistulated male swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), about four years old with $400{\pm}20kg$ liveweight, were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to receive dietary treatments. The treatments were: ground corn cob (GCC) replacement for cassava chip (CC) in concentrate at 0% (T1); GCC replacement at 33% (T2); GCC replacement at 67% (T3); and GCC replacement at 100% (T4), respectively. During the experiment, concentrate was offered at 0.5% BW while 5% urea-treated rice straw was given at ad libitum. The result revealed that there was no effect of GCC replacement on DMI among treatments. In addition, digestibilities of DM, OM and CP were not different while aNDF linearly increased with an increasing level of GCC replacement. However, GCC replacement did not affect rumen fermentation such as ruminal pH, $NH_3$-N and VFA concentration; except C3 proportion which was the highest at 33% replacement while the lowest was at 100% replacement. All replacements of GCC resulted in similar protozoal and bacterial populations and microbial protein synthesis (MPS). Purine derivatives (PD) concentration in urine and PD to creatinine (PDC) index were varied with time of urination and among treatments at 0 to 8 and 8 to 16 h post feeding and higher values were shown among the GCC replacement groups. However at 16 to 24 h-post feeding, it was untraceable. In addition, creatinine concentration was similar among all treatments at every sampling time. Based on the above results, GCC can be used as an energy source for swamp buffalo fed with rice straw. Spot sampling of urine can be used for purine derivatives determination.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

Although growth potential of trade between Korea and the GCC region has existed in various fields through economic and business cooperation, few data and practical study related with trade structure and cooperation between Korea and GCC region have been found and the potential for further economic expansion has not been extensively explored. In this sense, this study is to analyze trade flows between Korea and GCC region countries(Saudi Arabia, Unites Arab Emirates, Qatar) using trade intensity index, trade complementarity index and special country bias index, identify potential for further expansion of Korea's trade into the GCC region and further propose the implication of FTA between mutual countries. Our analysis of trade flows also demonstrates that there is a high level of trade complementarity between Korea and GCC region. It means that increase of trade complementarity and special country bias come from removing not only trade barrier and increasing but also capital movement. Especially, the study reveals that there is an untapped potential for Korea to increase its exports to Saudi, based on the highest complementarities. Export expansion between Korea and Saudi through FTA will create new opportunity in near future.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.355-362
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• 2009

Sound source localization method based on the time delay of arrival(TDOA) is applied to many research fields such as a robot auditory system, teleconferencing and so on. When multi-microphones are utilized to localize the source in 3 dimensional space, the conventional localization methods based on TDOA decide the actual source position using the TDOAs from all microphone arrays and the detection measure, which represents the errors between the actual source position and the estimated ones. Performance of these methods usually depends on the number of microphones because it determines the resolution of an estimated position. In this paper, we proposed the localization method using spatially mapped GCC functions. The proposed method does not use just TDOA for localization such as previous ones but it uses spatially mapped GCC functions which is the cross correlation function mapped by an appropriate mapping function over the spatial coordinate. A number of the spatially mapped GCC functions are summed to a single function over the global coordinate and then the actual source position is determined based on the summed GCC function. Performance of the proposed method for the noise effect and estimation resolution is verified with the real environmental experiment. The mean value of estimation error of the proposed method is much smaller than the one based on the conventional ones and the percentage of correct estimation is improved by 30% when the error bound is ${\pm}20^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1997

This study was intended to investigate the proper shape and size of calcium carbonate for the improvement of paper properties and its end use performance. We loaded calcium carbonate of various shapes and size in the handsheet and measured their physical and optical properties. Results obtained from the study are summarized as follows : 1. Due to different particle shapes and sizes, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) contributed greater to bulk improvement than ground calcium carbonate (GCC). Scalenohedral form of PCC produced the bulkiest sheet, GCC made the sheet bulkier as average particle size increases. 2. Tensile strength increased as average particle size was increasing. GCC kept tensile strength more effectively than PCC. The effect of particle size on tensile strength was much more pronounced as filler addition level was increasing. 3. Over the average particle size of 6.99$\mu$m, GCC gave much higher burst strength and internal bond than PCC did. In the filler levels of 20% and 30%, GCC by using bigger size fillers showed 50~100% improvement in some cases than PCC at the same filler content. 4. Tear strength increased as average particle size was increasing. At the filler level of 30%, PCC decreased tear greatly. 5. Over the average particle size of 13.56$\mu$m, GCC kept bending stiffness greater than PCC. Due to its shape, Scalenohedral form of PCC showed higher stiffness than others at the same particle size. 6. Cubic and acicular form of PCC improved light scattering coefficient very effectively. Light scattering coefficient of GCC decreased as average particle size increased. 7. Both of particle shape and size of filler were important factor in developing optical properties and bending stiffness. Particle size was the only important factor in developing other strength properties

• ETRI Journal
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.731-740
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• 2011

Reconfigurable computing using a field-programmable gate-array (FPGA) device has become a promising solution in system design because of its power efficiency and design flexibility. To bring the benefit of FPGA to many application programmers, there has been intensive research about automatic translation from high-level programming languages (HLL) such as C and C++ into hardware. However, the large gap of syntaxes and semantics between hardware and software programming makes the translation challenging. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for the translation by using the widely used GCC compiler. By simply adding a hardware description language (HDL) backend to the existing state-of- the-art compiler, we could minimize an effort to implement the translator while supporting full features of HLL in the HLL-to-HDL translation and providing high performance. Our translator, called GCC2Verilog, was implemented as the GCC's cross compiler targeting at FPGAs instead of microprocessor architectures. Our experiment shows that we could achieve a speedup of up to 34 times and 17 times on average with 4-port memory over PICO microprocessor execution in selected EEMBC benchmarks.