• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.60-73
• /
• 2024

Background: The available information on terrestrial pest gastropods and their impact on the environment worldwide is scarce and outdated. The present study aimed to address this gap by conducting the first comprehensive survey of pest gastropods in the Nuwara Eliya District, an important vegetable growing area in the highlands of Sri Lanka. Eighty agricultural lands were surveyed over two years by establishing ten 1 m2 sampling plots per crop type in each agricultural land. Geo-coordinates, air temperature, elevation, relative humidity, daily rainfall, soil pH, species richness and abundance were recorded for rainy and non-rainy periods. The relationship between species composition and environmental variables was analyzed using multi-regression models and distribution maps. Results: Out of the 14 species recorded in agricultural lands, nine were identified as exotic pest species. Species abundance (t = 4.69, p < 0.05) and diversity was higher in the rainy period and the dominant species during this period were Bradybaena similaris (t = 2.69, p < 0.05) and Deroceras reticulatum (t = 2. 46, p < 0.05). Eggs and estivating adults were found in soil and under decaying organic matter during the non-rainy period. The exotic species showed broader preferences for the measured environmental factors and showed a wider range in distribution compared to the native species. Variation in pest gastropod composition was significantly accounted for by elevation, relative humidity, soil pH and daily rainfall. Additionally, the species richness and abundance varied across locations due to the combined effects of elevation, crop type and stage, and field type. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the biology and ecology of gastropod pests to develop effective management strategies. By considering the influence of environmental factors and implementing appropriate soil management techniques, such as targeting specific habitats and crop stages, it is possible to mitigate pest populations and minimize their impact on agricultural lands. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the dynamics and interactions of terrestrial gastropods in agricultural ecosystems, supporting sustainable pest management practices.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.38 no.2 s.171
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2005

The $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ ratios between water and biogenic material are similar in marine and lacustrine environment. Pb isotope ratios we, however, reported not to have been corresponding between the biological tissues and ambient water in aquatic system, contrary to the Sr isotope ratios. In order to explore the potential application of two isotopes as environmental tracers, we report here the isotopic compositions of strontium and lead of gastropod shell in fresh water in Jinan area. The $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ ratios of carbonate shells of gastropod living in fresh stream water, are similar as that of ambient water but are different by sites. The different $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ ratios of stream water between the sites is likely caused by the difference of the isotopic composition of Sr derived form rocks in the basin. In contrast, there is a distinct difference of the lead isotopic values between the water and the gastropod shell, suggesting that shell-fish available lead in aquatic system is different from dissolved lead in water. It is assumed that the majority of Pb in stream water is derived from atmospheric Pb accumulated on soil materials over years rather than from rock.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2009

Based on investigation of archive collections of A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok) and O.A. Scarlato Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg), as well as on the analysis of published data, the species composition of shell-bearing gastropod mollusks of the Russian waters of the East Sea (Sea of Japan), consisting of 331 species and subspecies, has been identified. The fourth part of the Review includes 46 species of Heterobranchia (Allogastropoda, Opistobranchia, and Pulmonata). Each species is assigned to a biogeographic grouping in the study area. Its type locality and habitat (depth and substrate) are also documented.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.51-70
• /
• 2009

Based on investigation of collections at the A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok) and Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg), as well as on the analysis of published data, the species composition of shell-bearing gastropod mollusks of the Russian waters of the East Sea (Sea of Japan), consisting of 331 species and subspecies, has been identified. Each species is assigned to a biogeographic grouping in the study area. Its type locality and habitat (depth and substrate) are also documented. The third part of this review includes 129 species in Neogastropoda (Caenogastropoda).

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.127-143
• /
• 2010

Based on investigation of collections at the A.V.Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok) and Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint-Petersburg), as well as on the analysis of published data, the species composition of shell-bearing gastropod mollusks of the Russian waters of the East Sea, consisting of 331 species and subspecies, has been identified. Eachspecies is assigned to a biogeographic grouping in the study area. Its type locality and habitat (depth and substrate) are also documented. The second part of this review includes 101 species from Sorbeoconcha and Hypsogastropoda (Caenogastropoda).

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.115-126
• /
• 2010

Based on investigation of collections at the A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok) and Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint-Petersburg), as well as on the analysis of published data, the species composition of shell-bearing gastropod mollusks of the Russian waters of the East Sea, consisting of 331 species and subspecies, has been identified. Each species is assigned to a biogeographic grouping in the study area. Its type locality and habitat (depth and substrate) are also documented. The first part of this review includes 55 species from Patellogastropoda, Vetigastropoda and Cocculiniformia.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.335-344
• /
• 2023

Community composition and abundance of aquatic invertebrates are important for ecological functions. Community characteristics of insects and gastropods were compared in five regions to investigate the effect of geological factors in surveys conducted between June and August to analyze seasonal changes in invertebrate communities. Underwater traps were used to obtain a constant collection effect. Insect communities were dominated by Hydrochara affinis, Rhantus suturalis and Sigara nigroventralis, and nMDS analysis demonstrated the separation of their communities by region. H. affinis and Sternolophus rufipes were not found in Haenam and Cheolwon, respectively. The results showed the effects of regional temperature on the distribution of aquatic insects. Pomacea canaliculata, Hippeutis cantori and Austropeplea ollula were dominant in the gastropod community. The seasonal variation in the abundance of P. canaliculata was the most pronounced, and its abundance in August was 38.2 times higher than in June. The abundances of several species including Hippeutis cantori were negatively correlated with that of P. canaliculata. These results suggest that P. canaliculata is a pivotal factor that drives seasonal changes in gastropod community.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2015

The diet composition of Leiognathus nuchalis were studied using 350 specimens collected from October 2010 to September 2011 in the coastal waters of Gadeok-do, Korea. L. nuchalis was carnivorous feeder that consumed mainly copepods, crab larvae, and shrimp larvae. Its diet also included small quantities of polychaetes, amphipods, euphausiids, bivalve larvae, and gastropod larvae. The size of L. nuchalis ranged from 3.0 to 9.8 cm in body length (BL). L. nuchalis underwent an ontogenetic dietary shift. 3~5 cm size individuals fed mainly on copepods. 5~7 cm size individuals fed mainly crab larvae and shrimp larvae. 8~10 cm size individuals fed mainly polychaetes. The size increases, the weight of food organisms are constantly increased.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.39 no.spc1
• /
• pp.132-141
• /
• 2006

Artificial structures have been designed as pilot structures to promote the creation and restoration of tidal flats. However, little information is available as to whether such artificial construction affects the macrobenthic community structure. We monitored the variation of the macrobenthic community structure and species composition near natural and artificial structures (seaweed and a timber fence) on the tidal flats near the Iwon Dike, Korea. In total, 137 macrobenthic species were recorded during this study, predominantly crustaceans (47%), polychaetes (18%), and molluscs (27%). Polychaetes comprised over 50% of the total density, followed by gastropods (38%) and crustaceans (11%). Macrobenthic species composition in the artificial and natural areas, was initially similar, but it differed after 7 months. The gastropod Umbonium thomasi, the most dominant species, was present at both sites in the first month after the start of the experiment, but disappeared at the artificial sites within 7 months, suggesting disturbance by the environmental factors. The number of species and diversity (H') varied significantly within sites at the beginning of the experiment, but no difference was observed after 7 months. Multivariate analysis (multidimensional scaling) revealed significant differences in community structure between the artificial and the natural areas from 7 months after the start of the experiment, except from 18 to 21 months. The community structures were mainly influenced by U. thomasi. Community structure at the artificial sites was affected by environmental variables, such as carbon, COD/IL sulfide, loss of ignition, kurtosis and silt, which changed over time. We observed no significant correlations between environmental variables and the dominant species, except in the case of Spio sp. and Macrophthalmus dilatatus, suggesting that the biological interactions and temporary disturbances such as typhoon, as well as the effects of artificial structures may also be important regulating factors in this system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 1973

The muscle of abalone, Notohaliotis discus (REEVE), and top-shell, Turbo cornutus Solander, were examined for protein composition. Then paramyosins which are known as one of the important structural protein of the muscle fibrils were isolated from the both muscle and their physico-chemical properties such as solubility, salting-out behaviour, intrinsic viscosity, ATPase activity, etc. involving amino acid composition and N-terminal amino acid residues were investigated to elucidate phylogenie characteristics more intensively from the viewpoint of comparative biochemistry. The analysis of protein composition resulted in the following estimations: abalone muscle; water-soluble protein of 22 %, salt-soluble protein, 34%, alkali-soluble protein, 20%, and stroma protein, 24%, and top-shell muscle; water-soluble protein of 16%, salt-soluble protein, 30%, alkali-soluble protein, 29%, and stroma protein, 25%, respectively. It is demonstrated in sedimentation analysis that paramyosin and myosin-actomyosin account for approximately 65% and 35% of the salt-soluble protein of abalone, and that the composition of both sediments in top-shell was approximately 70% and 30%, respectively. The ultracentrifugally homogenous paramyosins isolated essentially according to Bailey's ethanol-dried method from both of the muscle showed a $S^{\circ}_{20,w}$ of 3. 14s for abalone and a $S^{\circ}_{20,w}$ of 3.50s for top-shell. The both paramyosins were commonly rich in arginine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, while scarcely contained proline and tryptophan, in rough accord with the other paramyosins thus far reported. It is clear that these gastropod paramyosins showed of having the characteristic N-terminal amino acid residues such as N-aspartic acid, N-valine, N-serine, and N-threonine in common. The abalone paramyosin completely salted in with KCl beyond $0.35{\mu}$ and the top-shell paramyosin beyond $0.30{\mu}$. The abalone paramyosin was salted-out between 18% and 30% saturation of ammonium sulphate and the top-shell paramyosin between 22% and 29% saturation. The intrinsic viscosities at abalone and top-shell paramyosins at $25^{\circ}C$ were estimated respectively to be 3.1 dl/g and 2.6 dl/g showing somewhat higher than the values for some other paramyosins from lamellibranchs. In regard with the ATPase activity, the para myosin specimens did not exhibit any significant activity over through the pH conditions of 5 to 9.5. irrespective of the presence of $Ca^{++}$ or $Mg^{++}$. So was the case with the abalone paramyosin prepared by a slightly modified Bailey's wet-extraction method.