• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2008

목적: 지방세포에서 분비되는 렙틴은 식이 조절과 에너지 소비를 통해 체질량의 항상성을 유지할 뿐만 아니라 세포증식을 조절하여 종양의 진행에서도 중요한 역할을 한다. 위암에서 렙틴과 그 수용체가 높게 발현된다고 보고되고 있으나 조직내 발현과 혈장내 렙틴 레벨과의 상관관계에 대해서는 많이 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 위암 환자에서 혈청 렙틴 레벨을 측정하고 조직내 렙틴과 렙틴수용체의 발현과의 상관 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 2005년 10월부터 2007년3월까지 위암으로 근치적 위절제술을 시행 받은 사람 중에서 파라핀 포매 보관상태가 양호한 72명을 대상으로 하였다. 면역측정법을 이용하여 혈청 렙틴 레벨을 측정하였고 위암 조직내 렙틴과 렙틴 수용체의 발현상태는 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하여 확인하였으며 임상병리학적 특성과의 연관성을 분석하였다. 결과: 체질량지수가 높은 환자의 혈청내 렙틴 레벨이 높았으며(P=0.01), 렙틴의 혈청 레벨은 Helicobacter pylon (H. pylori) 감염군에서 감소하였다(P=0.008). 위벽 침윤도와 병기가 증가할수록 렙틴 발현율이 높았으며(P=0.014), 렙틴 수용체의 발현은 장형 71.4%, 미만형 28.6%로 장형인 경우에 높았다(P=0.033) 결론: 위암에서 혈청 렙틴과 조직내 렙틴 발현은 상관관계가 없었고 렙틴의 조직내 발현은 병기와 연관이 있었으나 그 작용 기전을 규명하기 위해서는 앞으로 후속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1078-1083
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• 2006

Capsaicin is the active ingredient in chili pepper and has an inhibitory effect on Helicobacter pylori growth and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. The present study examined the effect of capsaicin on interleukin (IL)-8 production by H. pylori ATCC 43504-infected MKN-45 cells, a gastric epithelial cell line. The viability of the MKN-45 cells treated with capsaicin at 0, 50, 100, 250, and $500\;{\mu}M$ was 99, 98, 99, 99, and 85%, respectively. A capsaicin concentration as low as $50\;{\mu}M$ significantly inhibited the IL-8 production induced by H. pylori ATCC 43504 infection (43.2% of control) during 24 h of incubation. However, low concentrations of capsaicin $(50\;and\;100{\mu}M)$ did not significantly inhibit the IL-8 production by $TNF-{\alpha}-$ or PMA-treated MKN-45 cells. Therefore, the overall inhibitory effect of capsaicin on H. pylori ATCC 43504 was the sum of H. pylori ATCC 43504 growth inhibition, host cell survival, and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signal cascade inhibition.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2008

목적: 인체 내 여러 조직에서 상피세포의 분화 및 증식에 중요한 역할을 담당한다고 알려진 retinoic acid (RA)와 여러 유전자들에서 전사조절인자로 성장관여 유전자들의 활성화에 관여하며 세포증식 및 분화에 매우 중요한 세포내 조절인자인 CREB의 발현정도와 위선암종간의 상호 연관성 및 병리학적 인자들과의 관계를 관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법: 중앙대학교 의과대학 용산병원에서 1998년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 위절제술을 시행 받고 위선암종으로 진단받은 환자의 위조직표본 중 보존상태가 양호한 파라핀 포매괴 150예를 연구대상으로 조직 표본에서 면역 조직화학적 염색을 통해 관찰하였다. 결과: 1. RAR의 발현은 장형 위선암종(72.2%)에서 미만형 위선암종(40.5%)보다 높게 나타났으며(P<0.01), 림프절 전이가 있는 경우(74.7%)가 림프절 전이가 없는 경우(49.2%)보다 의미 있는 발현양상을 나타냈다(P<0.01). 2. cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)의 발현은 장형 위선암종(69.4%)에서 미만형 위선암종(38.1%)보다 높게 나타났으며(P<0.01), 림프절 전이가 있는 경우(71.1%)가 림프절 전이가 없는 경우(47.8%)보다 높은 발현양상을 나타냈다(P<0.01). 3. 총 150예의 위선암종에서 RAR은 63.3% (95/150), CREB은 60.7%(91/150)에서 발현을 나타냈다(P<0.01). 결론: 이상의 결과로 RAR과 CREB은 조직학적 분화도 및 종양의 전이와 관련이 있고, 이들의 발현이 장형 위선암종에서의 생물학적 악성도에 관한 예후인자로서 관련이 있으나 이들의 발현이 위선암종에 미치는 생물학적 기전에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5339-5343
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• 2012

The induction of apoptosis in target cells is a key mechanism for most anti-tumor therapies. Bufalin is a cardiotonic steroid that has the potential to induce differentiation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Research on bufalin has so far mainly involved leukemia, prostate cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, and has been confined to in vitro studies. The bufadienolides bufalin and cinobufagin have been shown to induce apoptosis in a wide spectrum of cancer cell. The present article reviews the anticancer effects of bufalin. It induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway and also suppressed the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line in a time and dose dependent manner. Bufalin, bufotalin and gamabufotalin, key bufadienolides, significantly sensitize human breast cancer cells with differing ER-alpha status to apoptosis induction by the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In addition, bufadienolides induce prostate cancer cell apoptosis more significantly than that in breast epithelial cell lines. Similar effects have been observed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but the detailed molecular mechanisms of inducing apoptosis in this case are still unclear. Bufalin exerts profound effects on leukemia therapy in vitro. Results of multiple studies indicate that bufalin has marked anti-tumor activities through its ability to induce apoptosis. Large-scale randomized, double-blind, placebo or positive drug parallel controlled studies are now required to confirm the efficacy and apoptosis-inducing potential of bufalin in various cancers in the cliniucal setting.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1030-1041
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• 2016

Objectives: This study investigated the administration of Jeungmiyijin-tang (JYT) to rats with reflux esophagitis (RE) induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation operations. Methods: Twenty laboratory rats were divided into three groups with 5~7 rats in each group. The control group consisted of rats with no inflammation (CON). The RE group had rats with gastroesophageal reflux elicited by pylorus and forestomach ligation operations. The JYT group had rats that were orally administered Jeungmiyijin-tang (1.5 ml/day/300 g) once a day for 14 days before reflux esophagitis was induced by the pylorus and forestomach ligation operations. Six hours after the operations, the rats were sacrificed, morphological changes were observed, and histological examinations were done in the stomach and esophagus lesion areas. If apoptosis was observed, the apoptotic cells in the esophagus lesion areas were counted. Results: The morphological and histochemical changes consisted of various injuries from hemorrhagic erosion in the RE group, while there were significantly fewer in the JYT group. The RE group marked increases of gastric mucosa erosion and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the submucosa, as well as cell division in the epithelial layer, the proliferation and degranulation of mast cells, and increases in the IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and MMP-9 expressions in the esophagus of the rats. The JYT group was inhibited above expression compared with the RE group. Apoptosis was statistically significantly decreased in the JYT group compared with the RE group. Conclusions: According to the above results, it appears that Jeungmiyijin-tang inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and MMP-9) and apoptosis in the esophagus mucosa, thereby preventing esophageal mucosal damage from esophageal reflux.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2004

위장관에서 용종성 병변이 있을 때 Cowden 증후군의 감별이 필요하며 소아 연령에서는 모든 증상이 발현되지 않으므로 추적 관찰이 필요하리라 판단된다. 특히, 식도의 극세포증은 모습이 독특하고 거의 대부분의 증례에서 보고되고 있어 최근 Cowden 증후군의 진단 시 질병특유의 기준으로 활용되기도 하므로 특히 염두에 둘 필요가 있으며, 그러나 소아 연령에서는 적절한 나이가 될 때까지는 극세포증의 발현이 지연될 수 있음도 반드시 고려하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2013

Emerging studies suggest that vegetables or fruit juices deemed to be potential alternative base medium for lactic acid bacteria fermentation. Until now, limited studies have been carried out to evaluate such applications. Thus, the objective of present study is that lactic acid bacteria were evaluated for their viability at low pH, growth during storage at low temperature, and $CO_2$ formation. Furthermore, the effects of grapefruit extract with respect to cell viability, sensory ability, and organic acid production were evaluated for these strains. The probiotic properties of the strains, including acid tolerance, bile tolerance, and adhesion to human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29 cells), prebiotic characteristics, and safety features were examined. All strains survived in MRS medium broth adjusted to pH 3.8, at $10^{\circ}C$ for 6 days, and did not produce $CO_2$ to check post fermentation. The medium of grapefruit extract fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum CJIH 203 resulted in maximal viable counts, compared with other strains, and the extract subsequently tasted sour due to the presence of lactic acid. Lactobacillus plantarum CJIH203 was highly resistant to artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice, while Lactococcus lactis SJ09 strongly adhered to HT-29 cells. Tagatose showed the greatest ability to enhance the growth of L. plantarum SJ21, relative to the other strains. All strains were verified by safety tests such as hemolysis, gelatin hydration, and urea degradation. Therefore, these strains could be promising candidates for use in reducing excessive post-fermentation and functional products.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2271-2275
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• 2016

Background: The value of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in fluorescence detection of peritoneal metastases and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated in patients with peritoneal surface malignancies. Materials and Methods: Oral 5-ALA was administered at a concentration of 20 mg/kg body weight with 50 ml of water 2 hours prior to surgery (n=115). The diagnostic value of 5-ALA based fluorescence production was evaluated following white light inspection during prior to cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Then, peptide transporter PEPT1 (ALA influx transporter) and ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (porphyrin efflux transporter) gene expression was determined with quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR and pathological diagnoses confirmed for all tissue samples. Results: The 5-ALA based photodynamic detection rate was 17% for appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, 54% for colorectal cancers, 33% for gastric cancers, 67% for diffuse malign peritoneal mesotheliomas, and 89% for epithelial ovarian cancer of peritoneal metastases. 5-ALA was detected in all cases of peritoneal metastases originating from cholangiocarcinomas whereas it was not able to detect any in granulosa cell and gastrointestinal stromal tumor cases. Furthermore, PEPT1 was overexpressed whereas ABCG2 expression was downregulated in tumors detected with fluorescence. Conclusions: 5-ALA provided 100% specificity and high sensitivity to detect peritoneal metastases in subgroups of patients with peritoneal surface mailgnancies. ALA influx transporter PEPT1 and porphyrin efflux transporter ABCG2 genes are important in tumor specific 5-ALA induced fluorescence in vivo. Further studies should clarify diagnostic utility of 5-ALA in peritoneal surface malignancies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.721-730
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• 2019

The probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 was encapsulated with alginate (Al) and alginate-chitosan (Al/Chi) through extrusion method. The sizes and zeta potentials of microspheres were measured to confirm encapsulation. To evaluate the protective effect of microspheres against gastrointestinal fluids, all the samples were exposed to simulated gastric fluids (SGFs, pH 1.5) at $37^{\circ}C$ for 1 or 2 h, followed by incubation with simulated intestinal fluids (SIFs, pH 6.5) for 2 h. The mucoadhesive ability of microspheres was evaluated using the intestinal epithelial cell line HT29-MTX. To extend the shelf-life of probiotics, lyoprotectants such as disaccharide and polysaccharide were mixed with free or encapsulated cells during the freeze-drying process. The size of the microspheres demonstrated a narrow distribution, while the zeta potentials of Al and Al/Chi-microspheres were $-17.9{\pm}2.3$ and $20.4{\pm}2.6mV$, respectively. Among all the samples, Al/Chi-encapsulated cells showed the highest survival rate even after exposure to SGF and SIF. The mucoadhesive abilities of Al and Al/Chi-microspheres were higher than 94%, whereas the free L. acidophilus showed 88.1% mucoadhesion. Ten percent of sucrose showed over 80% survival rate in free or encapsulated cells. Therefore, L. acidophilus encapsulated with Al and Al/Chi-microspheres showed higher survival rates after exposure to the gastrointestinal tract and better mucoadhesive abilities than the free cells. Also, sucrose showed the highest protective effect of L. acidophilus during the freeze-drying process.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1343-1349
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• 2012

Most of the Helicobacter pylori strains containing the cag pathogenicity island (PAI) have been associated with more severe gastric disease in infected humans. The cag PAI is composed of 27 proteins, and some of the components are required for CagA translocation into host cells as well as induction of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8); however, the exact function of most of the components remains unknown or poorly characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that CagT (HP0532), which is an essential structural component of the cag PAI apparatus, plays an important role in the translocation of CagA into host epithelial cells. In addition to being located on the bacterial surface, CagT is also partially localized in the inner membrane, where it acts as a chaperone-like protein and promotes CagA translocation. However, CagT secretion was not detected by immunoprecipitation analysis of cell culture supernatants. Meanwhile, CagT was related to the introduction of IL-8 of the host cell. These results suggest that CagT is expressed on both the inner and outer bacterial membranes, where it serves as a unique type IV secretion system component that is involved in CagA secretion and cag PAI apparatus assembly.