• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.233-243
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• 1999

Combustion characteristics of synthetic gas from flame pyrolysis gasification of polymetric wastes are reported and the applicability of synthetic gas from flame pyrolysis gasification to a gas engine system is presented. Engine power is easily predicted by the volume percentage of the synthetic gas. Measurements have been made to obtain the range of flame existence in the function of volume percentage of CO and $H_2$ gases in the synthetic gas. In order to clarify the emission of the flames, NOx measurements by chemiluminescent analyser are taken in flames with different equivalent ratios. From the results of the engine performance data we also have demonstrated that the output of the gas engine modified from a LPG engine is about 5 ps at normal rating. We conclude that synthetic gas from flame pyrolysis gasification of polymetric wastes is applicable to a gas engine system.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.339-343
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• 1999

A strain of gas-producing and volume-expanding yeast was isolated from Gochujang made in Sunchang by the traditional ways and was identified to be a Saccharomyces sp. This yeast was detected only in malt among the several ingrediants of Gochujang which means that the volume-expanding yeast comes into Gochujang at the time of making products through malt one of the major ingredients. However boiling of the malt-saccharified rice could not prevent the occurrence of the volume-expanding yeast in Gochuj-ang. This yeast was contained in the range of 5.67∼7.75 log10CFU/g in products made and aged between 1 monty and 3 year in Sunchang area.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.10-17
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• 2000

This work presents an investigation of aerodynamic characteristics of fuel spray injected from a high pressure hollow cone swirl injector into a constant volume chamber. Laser tomography visualization was used to interrogate the fuel and air mixing characteristics and the effect of chamber pressure and temperature increase was analyzed, Preliminary results on spray development showed that mixing effect tends to increase with the increase of injection pressure and chamber gas pressure yielding a decrease of spray penetration and an attenuation of well-defined vortex structure. Topological analysis of the spray structure has been performed to initiate the understanding of mixing and vaporization process. For the present experimental conditions fuel injection pressure and chamber gas pressure appear as the dominant factors which govern the transient mixing characteristics. Moreover spray atmixation characteristics are improved by increasing chamber gas temperature.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.601-606
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• 2006

The coal gasification fuel is important to replace petroleum fuel. Also they have many benefits for reducing the air pollution. Measurements on the combustion characteristics of synthetic gas from coal gasification have been conducted as compared with LPG in constant volume combustion chamber. The fuel is low caloric synthetic gas containing carbon monoxide 30%, hydrogen 20%, carbon dioxide 5%, and nitrogen 45%. To elucidate the combustion characteristics of the coal gasification fuel, the combustion pressures, combustion durations, and pollutants(NOx, $CO_2$, CO) are measured with equivalence ratios($\phi$), and initial pressures of fuel-air mixture in constant volume chamber. In the case of the coal gasification fuel, maximum combustion pressure and NOx concentration are lower rather than LPG fuel. However CO and $CO_2$ emission concentration are similar to that of LPG fuel.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2004

A prior fundamental study was executed using a constant volume chamber to improve the burning properties of lean pre-mixture by the injection of active radicals generated in the sub-chamber. In consequence, RI method shows remarkable progress in the aspects of burning velocity and combustible lean limit compared with SI method. In this study, the necessary additional works have been performed to be based on the former results. We changed parameters as the initial temperature and the initial pressure of mixture. And the effects of residual gas at issue in a real engine were investigated. As a result, the effects of initial temperature were significant, but on the other hand, those of initial pressure were slight. The correlation of passage hole number between overall passage hole area was grasped. And the more detailed analysis is required on residual gas.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 1997

Static and non-static flame methods were used to measure the laminar burning velocity of methane, ethane and natural gas. The flame slot angle and velocity of unburned gas mixture were determined by Schlieren method and LDV, respectively, for static flame. The diameter of nozzle was selected as 11 mm. The experimental results containing the stretch effect showed that the maximum burning velocities were 41.5 for natural gas, 40.8 for methane and 43.4 cm/sec for ethane on equivalence ratio of 1.1. Constant volume combustion chamber was also used for non-static flame. The propagation process of flame front was visualized by high speed camera during constant pressure. The maximum burning velocity of natural gas was determined as 42.1 cm/sec on equivalence ratio of 1.15.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.1084-1089
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• 2000

The basic equations are derived for the analysis of a stepped labyrinth gas seal which are generally used in high performance compressors, gas turbines, and steam turbines. The Bulk-flow is assumed for a single cavity control volume and the flow is assumed to be completely turbulent in circumferential direction. Moody's wall-friction-factor formula is used for the calculation of wall shear stresses in the single cavity control volume. For the reaction force developed by the seal, linearized zeroth-order and first-order perturbation equations are developed for small motion about a centered position. Integration of the resultant first-order pressure distribution along and around the seal defines the rotordynamic coefficients of the stepped labyrinth gas seal. The leakage and rotordynamic characteristic results of the stepped labyrinth gas seal are presented and compared with Scharrer's theoretical analysis using Blasius' wall-friction-factor formula.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2002

The basic equations are derived for the analysis of a staggered labyrinth gas seal which are generally used in high performance compressors and steam turbines. The Bulk-flow is assumed for a single cavity control volume and the flow is assumed to be completely turbulent in circumferential direction. Moody's wall-friction-factor formula is used for the calculation of wall shear stresses in the single cavity control volume. For the reaction force developed by the seal, linearized zeroth-order and first-order perturbation equations are developed for small motion about a centered position. Integration of the resultant first-order pressure distribution along and around the seal defines the rotordynamic coefficients of the staggered labyrinth gas seal. Theoretical results of leakage and rotordynamic characteristics for the staggered labyrinth gas seal are compared with those of the plain seal and see-through labyrinth seal.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.733-741
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• 2013

This is the first paper on the combustion characteristics of landfill gas in a constant volume combustion chamber for a large displacement volume commercial engine, and it discusses the fundamental characteristics of fuel from the viewpoint of thermochemistry and thermodynamics and compares these results with experimental ones. The results show that the final pressures obtained from theoretical analysis vary under the same heating value owing to the change in the constant volume specific heat owing to the difference in the burned gas composition according to the fuel gas compositions; furthermore, the stoichiometric ratios and trends of analytical and experimental pressures coincide very well, although some minor differences are observed between the two. The root cause of the difference is the heat transfer, which changes the specific heat and lowers the temperature considerably, in the real combustion process. In addition, the large chamber volume and ignition position promote the heat transfer to the wall. Finally, the fuel conversion efficiency increases as the methane mol fraction decreases, and it is maximum when the stoichiometric ratio ranges from 0.8 to 0.9. These increases due to the composition and stoichiometric ratio could sufficiently compensate the decrease due to the specific heat ratio drop, LFG might be more advantageous than pure methane in a real engine.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.629-634
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• 2010

Natural gas is a promising alternative fuel that can be used to satisfy the strict engine emission regulations in many countries. To develop natural-gas engines, low emission, efficient fuel consumption, and increased power ratings have to be realized. In this study, a cylindrical constant-volume combustion chamber (CVCC) was used to investigate natural-gas combustion characteristics for different prechamber design parameters and equivalence ratios. In particular, the maximum combustion pressure and mass fraction of the burned gas were evaluated by considering orifice diameter, volume ratio of prechamber and equivalence ratio. Using this result and by analyzing the changes in combustion characteristics with variations in design parameters, the optimum prechamber parameters were determined.