• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.92-98
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• 2010

Ferritic stainless steels, which have relatively small thermal expansion coefficient and excellent corrosion resistance, are increasingly being used in vehicle manufacturing, in order to increase the lifetime of exhaust manifold parts. But, there are limits on use because of the problem related to cosmetic resistance, corrosions of condensation and high temperature salt etc. So, Aluminum-coated stainless steel instead of ferritic stainless steel are utilized in these parts due to the improved properties. In this investigation, Al-8wt% Si alloy coated 409L ferritic stainless steel was used as the base metal during Gas Tungsten Arc(GTA) welding. The effects of coated layer on the microstructure and hardness were investigated. Full penetration was obtained, when the welding current was higher than 90A and the welding speed was lower than 0.52m/min. Grain size was the largest in fusion zone and decreased from near HAZ to base metal. As welding speed increased, grain size of fusion zone decreased, and there was no big change in HAZ. Hardness had a peak value in the fusion zone and decreased from the bond line to the base metal. The highest hardness in the fusion zone resulted from the fine re-precipitation of the coarse TiN and Ti(C, N) existed in the base metal during melting and solidification process and the presence of fine $Al_2O_3$ and $SiO_2$ formed by the migration of the elements, Al and Si, from the melted coating layer into the fusion zone.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.75-81
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• 2015

A deposited metal specimen of ER2594 which is a super duplex steel welding wire used to investigate the effect of sigma(${\sigma}$) phase on electrochemical corrosion characteristics was prepared by gas tungsten arc welding. Aging treatment was conducted for the specimen at the temperature range of $700^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$ for 5 to 300 minutes after annealing at $1050^{\circ}C$. Corrosion current density has decreased a little with an increase of aging time over 60 minutes at $700^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$ and the uniform corrosion of deposited metal had more influence on the precipitation of ferrite than the precipitation of sigma phase. Therefore, the precipitation of sigma phase did not have much effect on the uniform corrosion. Pitting potential representing pitting corrosion has shown decreasing tendency as the precipitation of sigma phase increased. The degree of sensitization representing intergranular corrosion has shown increasing tendency as the precipitation of sigma phase increased at $700^{\circ}C$ to $800^{\circ}C$, while it has decreased at $900^{\circ}C$ for 60 to 300 minutes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.70-75
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• 1999

Adaptive control in the robotic GMA(Gas Metal Arc) welding is employed to monitor the information about weld characteristics and process paramters as well as modification of those parameters to hold weld quality within the acceptable limits. Typical characteristics are the bead geometry composition micrrostructure appearance and process parameters which govern the quality of the final weld. The main objectives of this paper are to realize the mapping characteristicso f penetration through the learning. After learning the neural network can predict the pene-traition desired from the learning mapping characteristic. The design parameters of the neural network estimator(the number of hidden layers and the number of nodes in a layer) were chosen from an error analysis. partial-penetration single-pass bead-on-plate welds were fabricated in 12mm mild steel plates in order to verify the performance of the neural network estimator. The experimental results show that the proposed neural network estimator can predict the penetration with reasonable accuracy and gurarantee the uniform weld quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.119-124
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• 2001

Currently knowledge of strain in welds has mainly been obtained form strain gaging method:; that is directly attaching most of the material to the gate. The very few non-contact method are still in the early stage. One of the non-contact methods is by the use of the laser that has high-level of the accuracy for the measurement, and this laser also has excellent characteristics on which many studies for its applications are focused throughout the many fields. The dissertation is on the measurement of the strain caused by the characteristics and the temperature changes of the TIG welded zone which is used with 3D ESPI system that is functionally modified through the laser ESPI system. This system employed the aluminum sheet-metal which are mainly used for the steel plate such as for the electronics, chemisry, food instrument and electronic appliances.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.155-161
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• 2001

Currently knowledge of strain in welds has mainly been obtained from strain gaging method; that is directly attaching most of the material to the gage. The very few non-contact method are still in the early stage. One of the non-contact methods is by the use of the laser that has high-level of the accuracy for the measurement, and this laser also has excellent characteristics on which many studies for its applications are focused throughout the many fields. The dissertation is on the measurement of the strain caused by the characteristics and the temperature changes of the TIG welded zone which is used with 3D ESPI system that is functionally modified through the laser ESPI system. This system employed the aluminum sheet-metal which are mainly used for the steel plate such as for the electronics, chemistry, food instrument and electronic appliances.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.335-342
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• 2015

Recently, the production of oil and gas at the arctic ocean and offshore has been growing. Accordingly, S500 steel with the high tensile strength and excellent toughness has been used and flux cored wire that can be welded to the S500 has been required. In this study, we carried out observation of microstructures, mechanical properties and CTOD (crack tip openning displacement) in the weld zone that GMA (gas metal arc) welded with different component of $TiO_2$ flux core wire (the main components, rutile or Ti-slag) for S500 steel. Weld zone produced with Ti-slag flux cored wire has formed a enough acicular ferrite and shown excellent impact toughness at $-40^{\circ}C$, tensile strength at room temperature and CTOD at $-20^{\circ}C$. As a result, the developed flux cored wire was suitable for S500 steel.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1998

In this study, for the safety performance of LNG storage tank, the fracture toughness in X-grooved weld HAZ(heat-affected zone) of $9\%$ Ni steel was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, and the relation with the change in microstructure was analyzed. The toughness assessment was peformed through the modified CTOD test proposed for thick weldment with X-groove. Additionally, microstructures of HAZ were evaluated by OM, SEM and XRD. From the results, HAZ toughness of SMA(shielded metal arc)-welded $9\%$ Ni steel decreased as the evaluated region approached the fusion line. The decrease in toughness was apparently caused by the increase in the fraction of coarse-grained zone within HAZ. On the other hand, toughness drop with decreasing test temperature in F.L.(fusion line) ${\~}$F.L.+3mm was larger than that in F.L.+5mm${\~}$F.L.+7mm region due to the fact that in the former regions, retained austenite had poor stability.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

Recently nickel based superalloys are extensively being regarded as the materials for the steam turbine parts for hyper super critical (HSC) power plants working at the temperature over $700^{\circ}C$, since the materials have excellent strength and corrosion resistance in high temperature. In this paper, alloy 617 of solution strengthened material and alloy 263 of ${\gamma}^{\prime}$-precipitation strengthened material were prepared as the testing materials for HSC plants each other. Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) was conducted with the gas tungsten arc (GTA) welded specimens. The microstructure of the base metals and weld metals were investigated with Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM). The experimental results revealed that Ti-Mo carbides were formed in both of the base metals and segregation of Co and Mo in both of the weld metals before PWHT and PWHT leaded to precipitation of various carbides such as Mo carbides in the specimens. Furthermore, fine ${\gamma}^{\prime}$ particles, that were not precipitated in the specimens before PWHT, were observed in base metal as well as in the weld metal of alloy 263 after PWHT.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1339-1347
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• 2015

This study discusses a remote control torch system equipped with a GMAW double wire reel. The welding machine is 30m away from the wire feeder at the industrial site and the feeder is three to five meters away from the torch. Accordingly, the welders cannot control the current and voltage that meets the welding condition during work when they are working at a place that prevents them from seeing the control panel, such as inside a vehicle or tank or at a far work site. They also have no choice but to stop working to change the wire reel when it is burned out completely. Such work suspension resulting from frequent moves to adjust the current and voltage as well as to replace the wire and subsequent cooling causes welding defects. This study produced a remote control torch equipped with a double wire reel by simplifying and streamlining the existing GMAW functions to reduce the troubling issue. The remote control torch equipped with a double wire reel and the existing $CO_2$ /MAG welding torch were applied as a V-groove butt in the vertical position using 6mm rolled steel for a SM50A welding structure. After welding, the condition of welded surface beads underwent a visual inspection and radiographic inspection to analyze the welding quality inside the welded part. This study also evaluated the reduction of welding defects, cost saving, the replacing performance against the existing commercial welders, and the effects on possible compatibility.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.122-128
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• 2014

Generally, the mechanical components and structures are joined by many welding techniques, and therefore the welded joints are inevitable in the construction of structures. The Alloy 617 was initially developed for high temperature applications above $800^{\circ}C$. It is often considered for use in aircraft and gas turbines, chemical manufacturing components, and power generation structures. Especially, the Alloy 617 is the primary candidate for construction of intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) on a very high temperature reactor (VHTR) system. In the present paper, the low cycle fatigue (LCF) life of Alloy 617 base metal (BM) and the gas tungsten arc welded (GTAWed) weld joints (WJ) are evaluated by using the previous experimental results under strain controlled LCF tests. The LCF tests have been performed at room temperature with total strain ranges of 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5%. The LCF lives for the BM and WJ have been evaluated from the Coffin-Manson and strain energy based life methods. For both the BM and WJ, the LCF lives predicted by both Coffin-Manson and strain energy based life methods was found to well coincide with the experimental data.