• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2006

In-service diagnoses of pipeline facilities are important for a systematic maintenance of them. Field applications by using sealed gamma-ray sources $(^{60}Co,\;^{137}Cs)$ were performed to identify the heterogeneous zone in the pipelines of a distillation tower and a flare stack respectively. From the results, the heterogeneous zones in the pipelines were successfully identified. In the case of the pipeline connected to the distillation tower, a vapor pocket was detected in the fluid under hydrodynamic conditions, which could explain the reason for a decrease of the flow rate. In another case, an area with some amount of catalyst deposits was found at the bottom of the gas pipeline which was connected to the flare stack. And these findings provided important information for the process operators. Diagnosis technique by using gamma radiation sources has been proven to be an effective and reliable method for providing information on a media distribution in a facility.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.481-495
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• 2021

This article assesses and estimates the progressive failure mechanism of complex pit-rest secondary toppling of slopes that are located within the vicinity of the Gas Flare Site of Refinery No. 4 in South Pars Special Zone (SPSZ), southwest Iran. The finite element numerical procedure based on the Shear Strength Reduction (SSR) technique has been employed for the stability analysis. In this regard, several step modelling stages that were conducted to evaluate the slope stability status revealed that the main instability was situated on the left-hand side (western) slope in the Flare Site. The toppling was related to the rock column-overburden system in relation to the overburden pressure on the rock columns which led to the progressive instability of the slope. This load transfer from the overburden has most probably led to the separation of the rock column and to its rotation downstream of the slope in the form of a complex pit-rest secondary toppling. According to the numerical modelling, it was determined that the Strength Reduction Factor (SRF) decreased substantially from 5.68 to less than 0.320 upon progressive failure. The estimated shear and normal stresses in the block columns ranged from 1.74 MPa to 8.46 MPa, and from 1.47 MPa to 16.8 MPa, respectively. In addition, the normal and shear displacements in the block columns ranged from 0.00609 m to 0.173 m and from 0.0109 m to 0.793 m, respectively.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.112.1-112.1
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• 2010

To develop domestic IGCC gasification technology, a gasification test bed with a capacity of 20 tons/day has been designed. The main components of the test bed designed are a coal pulverizing and feeding facility, a gasifier, a syngas cooler, a gas treatment unit, oxygen and nitrogen tanks, and flare stack. For wide applications to the development of advanced coal gasification technology, many special functions have been given to it such as syngas recirculation, char recirculation, and multiple stage gasification. The test bed will be used for testing the characteristics of various types of coals, deriving optimum conditions for efficient gasifier operation and trouble shooting for the Korea IGCC demonstration plant. It will also be applied as a useful tool to develop scale-up design technology of IGCC and proceed to commercialization.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.352-359
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• 2009

KEPRI is developing a Korean type coal-gasification system and the scale is 20 ton/day. Prior to this pilot plant, a 1 ton/day class gasification system will be used for pre-testing of several coal types. This paper introduces the configuration and design conditions of this 1 ton/day class system, presenting the gas/coal ratio, oxygen/coal ratio, cold gas efficiency, CFD analysis of gasifier, and others. The existing combustion furnace for residual oil was retrofitted as a coal gasifier and a vertical and down-flow type burner was manufactured. Ash removal is carried out through a water quencher and a scrubber following the quencher, and the sulfur is removed by adsorption in the activated carbon tower. The gas produced from the gasifier is burned at the flare stack. In this paper, the results of design conditions and initial operation conditions of I ton/day gasification system are compared together.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2008년도 공동학술대회
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• pp.137-140
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• 2008

2003년, 2006년과 2007년, 사할린 북동사면 $53^{\circ}56'\;N$, $143^{\circ}52'\;E$ to $54^{\circ}40'\;N$, $144^{\circ}32'\;E$ 지역에서 음향측심, side-scan sonar (SSS), 고해상도 스파커 탄성파 탐사를 포함한 다양한 주파수 대역의 음향탐사를 실시하였다. 높은 후방산란강도를 가진 약 130여개의 메탄분출구들이 해저면에 발달해 있는 SSS 영상도를 획득하였다. 음향측심탐사에서의 수층 가스분출구조와 탄성파탐사에서의 해저지층 가스기둥구조들이 이 해저면 구조들과 잘 부합하여 나타난다. 이런 메탄분출구조들은 북서 주향을 갖는 Lavrentiev 단층과 평행한 구조선을 따라 배열하는 것처럼 보인다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.703-710
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• 2004

Petroleum refineries have been considered as an important emission source for atmospheric volatile hazardous air pollutants(HAPs). The emission source includes petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The control strategy for volatile HAPs requires emission estimations of these pollutants. However, systematic methods of volatile HAPs emission from petroleum refineries have not yet been established. Accordingly, present study surveyed the estimation method of volatile HAPs emitted from the petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The emission estimation methods for the petroleum refinery processes are applied for 11 petroleum refining facilities: fluidized catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, moving bed catalytic cracking, compressed engine, blowdown system, vacuum distilled column condensator, natural gas or distilled boiler, natural gas or distilled heater, oil boiler, oil heater and flare. Four emission estimation methods applied for the petroleum refinery process equipment are as follows: average emission factor approach, screening ranges approach, EPA correlation approach and unit-specific correlation approach. The process equipment for which emission factors are available are valves, pump seals, connectors, flanges and open-ended lines.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2015

In the present study, a flow solver using a kinetic BGK scheme was developed for the compressible Navier-Stokes equation. The kinetic BGK scheme was used to simulate flow field from the continuum up to the transitional regime, because the kinetic BGK scheme can take into account the statistical properties of the gas particles in a non-equilibrium state. Various numerical simulations were conducted by the present flow solver. The laminar flow around flat plate and the hypersonic flow around hollow cylinder of flare shape in the continuum regime were numerically simulated. The numerical results showed that the flow solver using the kinetic BGK scheme can obtain accurate and robust numerical solutions. Also, the present flow solver was applied to the hypersonic flow problems around circular cylinder in the transitional regime and the results were validated against available numerical results of other researchers. It was found that the kinetic BGK scheme can similarly predict a tendency of the flow variables in the transitional regime.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.330-339
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• 2019

Radiant heat shields are normally installed on offshore oil and gas platforms to protect personnel, equipment, and structures from the thermal radiation emitted by a flare system. A heat shield should be individually designed to reduce the thermal radiation to the target level, and then manufactured and installed after the performance verification. However, in general, a heat shield is designed and manufactured by trial and error based on the performance test. For this reason, it is difficult to develop and design radiant heat shields in the Korean shipbuilding and marine equipment industry because of the lack of performance test data and limited experience. In the present study, the results of experiments conducted to verify the performances of radiant heat shields were analyzed, and the thermal radiation characteristics and performance characteristics of the radiant heat shields were investigated. The insights and conclusions developed in the present study will be useful in terms of the design and development of radiant heat shield, as well as in their performance verification tests.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2000

산업의 고도화에 따른 경제성장으로 인류의 삶의 질은 많이 좋아졌지만 경제활동으로 인한 각종 환경 오염물질은 상대적으로 많이 배축된 것이 사실이다. 특히 대기오염물질의 주 요인이 되고있는 질소산화물과 아황산가스 등 많은 오염물질이 있지만 최근 더욱더 문제가 되고있는 것이 휘발성 유기화합물질로써 대기중의 탄화수소 화합물의 총칭으로 광 화학 옥시던터와 오존 등으로 인한 대기오염으로 인체에 미치는 영향이 아주 심각하며, 발생장소도 대규모 석유화학 장치산업의 원유를 정제하는 정제공정에서부터 저유소 및 중간 제품공정, 그리고 소비자가 직접 접하는 전국각지에 산재되어 있는 주유소 등에서 많은 량의 휘발성 유기화합물질이 발생되고 있다. 이에 대한 대책으로 정부차원에서 우선 대규모 석유화학단지를 휘발성 유기화합물질 배출저감을 위한 종합대책지역으로, 전남 여천지역은 1996. 9. 20일, 울산지역은 1997. 7. 1일에 지정고시 하였다. 울산지역의 경우 당초 대상물질이 47개 항목에서 시행초기에 보완적인 차원에서 크실렌 및 초산 등 일부물질이 수정된 31개 항목으로 변경고시 되었으며, 이에 대해 사업장에서는 해당물질에 따른 처리시설을 설치 가동 중에 있다. 그러나 휘발성 유기화합물질의 발생조건과 발생량, 각 물질의 혼합시 안전성문제 등이 공정조건상 일정하지 않아 방지시설 선정설치에 많은 에로사항이 있었다. 기존의 시설에 방지시설을 추가한다는 것은 화학공장 특성상 여러 가지 조건이 있으며, 그 동안 많은 시행착오를 하면서 설치하였다. 그러나 일부시설은 아직도 완벽한 방지효과를 얻기에는 부족하므로 향후 계속적인 기술 및 설비투자와 관리대책이 보완되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.