• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2007

GRLs(Guidance Residue Levels) of agricultural chemicals for tobacco are recommended by the CORESTA Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee guide. In the GRLs list, organochlorine group is one of pesticides commonly used on tobacco cultivation. In this model study, the quantitative correlation in the transfer rate of pesticide residue into tobacco smoke by spiking of organochlorine pesticides to cigarette and pyrolysates were investigated. The spiking concentration referred to the range of GRLs list and the organochlorine pesticides in mainstream smoke were analyzed by GC-MS. For the understanding of the composition variation versus temperature, the behavior of pesticides was investigated by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(Py-GC-MS). In this study, the transfer rate of pesticide residue into tobacco smoke at four different spiking concentration and the composition of pyrolysates were analyzed differently. At $10\;{\mu}g/cig$ spiking concentrations, the organochlorine pesticides were transferred into tobacco smoke in $0.02\;{\sim}\;10.19\;%$ each of component and the most of pesticides were pyrolyzed during smoking. It was found that the decomposition compounds from organochlorine pesticides were mainly composed of oxygenated and nitrogenous compounds. This study could estimate that the transfer rate of pesticides into tobacco smoke is very small amount.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2002

3.3'-Dichlorobenzidine(DCB) has be shown carcinogenic in several animals, and the development of non-invasive biomonitoring method in workers exposed with it is a very important subject. DNA adduct is a good biomarker for biomonitoring about carcinogens exposure, and lymphocytes is a good non-invasive samples. So we studied to analyze metabolites in blood lymphocytes of female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed orally with DCB(20, 30, and 40 mg/kg wt.) for 3 weeks. For analysis of them, we isolated DNA adducts from blood lymphocytes by using the enzymes method in /sup 32/P-postlabeling, and measured them by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring(GC/MS-SIM). 4-aminobiphenyl and phenanthrene-d/sub 10/ were added as internal standard for blank sample. Standard metabolites of DCB were synthesized with using pyridine and acetic acid which were promoter and controller in acetylation of DCB. And they were used for calibration curve. Our results showed two kinds of metabolites in DNA adducts of blood lymphocytes. They were N-acetyl 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine(acDCB) and N,N'-diacetyl 3,3'-dichiorobenzidine(di-acDCB ). They were combined with DNA at the same time as an acetyl of it was removed. So we measured DCB and acDCB for two kinds of metabolites in DNA adducts of blood lymphocytes. Our results showed the levels of DCB were 1.46∼2.26 times more than that of acDCB. And also the levels of metabolites in 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg wt. were gradually increased with going days from 1st to 3rd week. They are 1.66, 1.38 and 0.90 times in total metabolites, 1.76, 1.49 and 1.02 times in DCB, and 1.51, 1.22 and 1.28 times in acDCB. In conclusion, the results of this study showed DCB exposed to rats formed DNA adduct in blood lymphocytes after acetylated to N-acetyl 3.3'-dichloro benzidine(acDCB) and N,N'-diacetyl 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine(di-acDCB), and they could be analyzed by us ing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring(GC/MS-SIM).

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2010

비듬균(Malassezia furfur) 는 두피 질환을 일으키는 중요한 요소로써 오늘날 이러한 균들을 치료하는 치료제는 거의 없다. 몇몇의 전의 연구에서 오일들의 다양한 생물학적 활성이 보고되어졌지만 그것들의 항비듬균 활성은 거의 연구되지 않았고, 특히 Malassezia furfur에 대한 저해 활성은 보고되어 있지 않다. 따라서, 이 연구에서는 Malassezia furfur에 대한 식물 오일들의 저해활성을 평가하고, 이러한 오일 중에서 가장 활성이 좋은 오일을 가스 크로마토그래피(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry)에 의해 성분을 분석하였다. 1차적으로 108개 오일의 스크리닝 과정에서 17개 오일[Allium sativum L., Carum carvi L., Coriandrum sativum L., Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae Royle, Nepeta cataria L., Origanum vulgare L., Mentha pulegium L., Satureja hortensis L., Thymus vulgaris L. Thymus vulgaris L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Pimenta dioica(L.) Merr., Eugenia caryophyllata Thumb.(Clove bud), Eugenia caryophyllata Thumb.(Clove leaf), Cymbopogon nardus L., Cymbopogon martinii Stapf., Citrus aurantifolia Swing. and Pimenta racemosa(Mill.) J.W.Moore] 이 2 mg/mL 의 농도에서 대조구인 이크라코나졸(itraconazole)과 비슷한 활성을 나타내었다. 이러한 17개 오일 중에서 Citrus auranifolia 오일이 가장 활성이 좋았으며, 처리농도 (1.5 mg/mL, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL와 0.1 mg/mL) 에 따라 활성이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 Citrus auranifoli 오일의 가스크로마토그래피(GC-MS) 성분분석 결과 limonene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene and terpinolene의 함유율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 Citrus auranifolia 오일은 곰팡이 유래 질병들을 치료하기 위한 활성성분을 함유하고 있는 것으로 보인다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.981-986
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• 2012

중작녹차를 효율적으로 이용하여 좋은 향미와 기능성을 가진 차를 만들기 위해 덖은 쌀보리에 중작녹차를 혼합하였다. 쌀보리녹차의 휘발성 향기성분의 추출은 Likens and Nickerson형 추출 장치를 사용한 동시증류추출방법에 의해 완수였으며, 그 농축된 추출물은 GC (Gas chromatography)와 GC-MS (Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry)에 의해 분석되었다. 3-methylbutanal, 2-methylbutanal, 그리고 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine 등의 화합물이 쌀보리로부터 분리, 동정되었다. 그리고 녹차에서는 ${\alpha}$-terpinolene, indole, ${\beta}$-ionone 등을 포함한 화합물을 분리, 동정하였으며, 또한 쌀보리와 녹차를 혼합한 쌀보리녹차에서는 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, indole, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl pyrazine 등을 포함한 화합물들이 분리, 동정되었다. 그 결과로부터 일반 중작녹차보다 볶은 쌀보리와 녹차를 혼합한 쌀보리녹차가 관능적으로 더 좋은 향미를 주는 요인으로 작용하는 것 같았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.772-778
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• 1996

레토르트 처리시 일어나는 휘발성분 변화를 관찰하고자 닭고기 50%, 식염 1%, 닭고기 육수 49%로 구성된 모형식품을 설정하고, 가열살균에 따른 휘발성분변화를 GC (gas chromatography)로 조사하고, GC-MS (mass spectrometry)로 각 GC peak의 휘발성분을 분석하였다 살균 전, 후의 모형식품에서 NPT (Nitrogen purge and trap)방법으로 휘발성분을 포집한 후 이를 분석한 결과 총 53개 peak가 검출되었고 그 중 42개 peak를 동정하였다. 동정된 42개 peak는 aldehyde류 17종, hydrocarbon류 9종, alcohol류 8종, ketone류 7종 및 furan과 terpene이 각 1종씩이었다. 살균에 따른 휘발성분의 변화량을 비교하고, 동정된 휘발성분의 향기특성 등을 고려해 볼 때 레토르트취에 관여하는 화합물은 2-heptanone, 2-pentyl furan 및 ketone류인 것으로 추정 되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.194-196
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• 1998

The metabolism of dromostanolone (2α-methyl-5α- androstan-17β-ol-3-one) was studied in three adult volunteers after oral dose of 20 mg. Solvent extracts of urine obtained after enzyme hydrolysis were derivatized with MSTFA/TMCS and MSTFA/TMIS. The structures of intact drug and its metabolites were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in electron impact (EI) mode. The major metabolite (2α-methyl-5α- androstan-3α-ol-17-one), its 3β-epimer, parent compound, and several hydroxylated metabolites including intact drug were detected by comparing total ion chromatograms of control urine with that of the administered sample. Two epimers of 2α-methyl-5α- androstan-3,17β-diol were detected using selected ion monitoring. The maximum excretion of dromostanolone and 2α-methyl-5α- androstan-3α-ol-17-one was reached in 6.2-15 hr. The half-life of intact dromostanolone was 5.3 hr. About 3.0% of the administered amount was found to be excreted within 95 hr as unchanged form.

• 분석과학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2021

Cannabis is one of the most abused drugs in Korea. The main psychoactive component in cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, is metabolized to 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) and THCCOOH-glucuronide (THCCOOH-glu) in the human liver, whereby the amount of THCCOOH-glu found in urine is twice as high as that of THCCOOH. The analytical process adapted by the majority of urine drug-testing programs involves a two-step method consisting of an initial immunoassay-based screening test followed by a confirmatory test if the screening test result is positive. In this study, a qualitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed and validated for the detection of THCCOOH in human urine, where THCCOOH-glu was converted into THCCOOH by alkaline hydrolysis. For purification of the urine extract prior to instrumental analysis, high-speed centrifugation was used to minimize interference. In addition, an injection-port derivatization method using ethyl acetate and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide containing 1 % trimethylchlorosilane was employed to reduce the time required for derivatization, and an aliquot of the final solution was injected into the GC-MS. The method was validated by measuring the selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), and repeatability. The sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, Kappa, F-measure, false positive, and false negative rate were determined by comparing the GC-MS results with those obtained using the immunoassay. The LOD was determined to be 0.32 ng/mL, while the repeatability was within 9.1 % for THCCOOH. Furthermore, a comparison study was carried out, whereby the screening immunoassay exhibited a sensitivity of 86.4 % and a specificity of 100 % compared to GC-MS. The applicability of the developed method was examined by analyzing spiked urine and forensic urine samples obtained from suspected cannabis abusers (n = 221).

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.62-62
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• 2023

Zanthoxylum piperitum ("chopi" in Korean) has been used as traditional medicinal plants with high anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. The aims of the study were to identify marker compounds and to investigate metabolites variation of chopi according to different parts and harvest times. Every month from June to September, chopi were harvested with three different parts: leaves, leaf-twig mixtures, twigs. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), two main marker compounds (quercitrin and quercetin-3-O-glucoside) were characterized in 70% ethanol extracts of chopi. Quantification of the two marker compounds were subsequently conducted by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), representing that contents of these compounds were higher in leaves and leaf-twig mixtures rather than twigs. For the comprehensive analysis of metabolites associated with production of marker compounds, 35 primary metabolites were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multivariate analysis results represented that plant parts were main contributors to the separation of chopi. However, significant differences were not observed between leaves and leaf-twig mixtures samples. The partial least square (PLS) predictive model revealed that monosaccharides (fructose, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose) and branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine, valine, leucine) were important determinants for the production of marker compounds together with alanine, inositol, GABA, and theronic acid. This study could be extended to stabilize and utilize chopi as an industrial material, as well as to find good candidates with various nutritional traits.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2005

The volatile components of Pinus densiflora needles were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), using seven kinds of solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, seven in SPME fibers: 100 ${\mu}m$ PDMS, 65 ${\mu}m$ PDMS/DVB, 65 ${\mu}m$ SF-PDMS/DVB, 85 ${\mu}m$ PA, 75 ${\mu}m$ CAR/PDMS, 65 ${\mu}m$ CW/DVB and 50/30 ${\mu}m$ DVB/CAR/PDMS fibers. A total of 40 components were identified by using the seven different SPME fibers. The identified components were classified, according to their functionalities, as follows: 26 hydro-carbons, 7 alcohols, 4 carbonyl compounds, and 3 esters. The major volatile components of Pinus densiflora needles identified by these SPME fibers were $\alpha$-pinene ($1.7\~21.7\;{\mu}g/g$), $\beta$-myrcene ($2.0\~20.1\;{\mu}g/g$), $\beta$-phel-landrene ($4.6\~22.8\;{\mu}g/g$), $\beta$-caryophyllene ($6.7\~26.0\;{\mu}g/g$) germacrene D ($1.1\~11.9\;{\mu}g/g$). In the comparison of the seven SPME fibers, PDMS appeared to be the most suitable fiber for the analysis of hydrocarbon compounds and CAR/DPMS, PDMS/DVB, CW/VB and DVB/CAR/PDMS are shown to be optimal for analysis of the alcohols and carbonyl compounds.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1990-1994
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• 2006

Fusarium proliferatum KGL0401 was previously isolated from Physalis alkekengi var. francheti plant roots and exhibited a high GA productivity. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of extracts of the culture fluid of F proliferatum KGL0401 also revealed the presence of $GA_1$, $GA_3$, $GA_4$, $GA_7$, $GA_{20}$, and $GA_{24}$. Therefore, the present study conducted a proteome analysis of waito-c rice treated with the culture fluid of the isolated F proliferatum KGL0401 to identify the protein expression triggered by the GA-containing culture fluid. The results revealed the overexpression of 180 protein spots in the sample treated with the culture fluid. Among them, 75 induced proteins were selected and analyzed by MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption-iorrization time-of-flight) mass spectrometry, followed by database searching, and 51 proteins were identified.