• 미생물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 1985

Bacillu! thuringiensis var. krustaki 3ab k-3의 감온성치사돌연변이체에 대한 생물학적 성상의 변이성의 차이를 조사하고 유전적 특성을 규명하기 위하여 생화학적 성상검사, 항생제에 대한 감수성 조사, 용혈성 검사, 돌연변이체균주의 특수배지에서의 성장비교, Mouse에 대한 치사효과를 $28^{\circ}C$의 허용온도에서 조사하였다. Urease를 생산하지 못하는 돌연변이체는 ts-U154, ts-U601, ts-U602, ts-U603, ts-U604, t-U788 이었다. ts-U603만이 운동성이 상실되었고, ts-U154는 Salicin과 cellobiose을 분해하지 못했고, ribose를 분해하지 않는 균주는 ts-U603였다. 항생제에 대한 반응은 ampicillin, cephalothin, penicillin에는 모두 저항성을 나타냈으나, ts-U154 균주만이 감수성을 나타냈다. Fructus gardenia배지에서 색소를 생산하지 않은 것은 ts-U21, ts-U74, ts-U131과 ts-U154였다 가장 적은 용혈성을 나타내는 균주는 정상형고 ts-U602였고 가장 많은 용혈성을 나타내는 것은 ts-U603 (1:512 x) 이었다. Mouse 에 대한 치사효과는 전혀 없었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Natural colorant extracts were obtained by extraction from tumeric root, gardenia seeds, mugwort and green tea using water, methanol, ethanol and acetone as extractants at room temperature for 3 hours under shaking condition(180rpm) with liquor ratio(solid:solvent; 1:100). The main pigment components of tumeric root, gardenia seeds, mugwort and green tea are known to be curcumin, crocin, chlorophyll b and epigallocatechin gallate, respectively. The effects of the kind of extractant and pH on the color characteristics of natural colorant extracts were investigated. The solubility parameters of pigment components were determined to find adequate extractant. The solubility parameters of curcumin, crocin, chlorophyll b and epigallocatechin gallate were found to be 27.85, 29.40, 19.48 and $37.97(J/cm^3)^{1/2}$. As expected, solvents that have a solubility parameter similar to that of pigment component were generally found to be effective to obtain pigment extracts having high visible absorbance(A). The extract(pigment/solvent) with high visible absorbance was generally found to have low $L^*$(lightness) and high Chroma($C^*$, purity).

• 약학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2005

Gardenia Jasminoides(GJ) is traditionally used for treatment of hepatic disease, insomnia, anxiety, and inflammatory disease. The aim of this study is to examine effects of GJ extract in response to stress. Animals of the normal group were not exposed to any stress and the control group were exposed to stress. The rats of the Ginseng and GJ supplementary group were orally administered once a day with 100mg of red ginseng extract, 100mg of GJ extract/kg body weight. The mice were given water containing 200mg of red ginseng extract, 200mg of GJ extract/100ml potable water. Animals were given supplements for 7 days without stress, and then were given supplements for 5 days with restraint and electroshock stress. After loading final stress, we examined stress related behavioral changes of experimental animals and measured the levels of blood corticosterone. GJ-supplementation partially blocked the stress effect on locomotion and elevated plus maze test in rats, and also partially blocked stress-induced behavioral changes such as freezing, burrowing, face-washing, smelling and rearing behavior in rats. The effect was almost equipotent to Ginseng's effect. GJ-supplementation didn't influence on fatigue related behavior or physical stress resistance. GJ-supplementation decreased the levels of blood corticosterone which is increased by stress in rats. These results suggest that GJ protects partially the living organism from stress attack and it has the potential to be used as a functional material to alleviate stress response.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.408-415
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• 2013

In order to evaluate a feasibility of industrial art use of veneer such as cylindrical laminated veneer lumber, the veneers of 4 species of Korean pine, radiata pine, yellow poplar and Japanese cypress were natural dye-colored and clear finished. Natural dyes were red color originated from sappanwood, blue color from polygonum indigo, and yellow color from Amur cork tree and gardenia. the clear coats of crack seal clear and UV protection oil were applied on the dyed veneer. The dyeing and finishing characteristics through fading test were summarized as follows; In non-dyed and non-finished Korean pine veneer, lightness was decreased and yellow and red hues increased after fading test. In natural dyed- and finished-veneer, color difference of gardenia-mixed Amur cork tree was generally highest, and that of polygonum indigo was lowest. Compared to non-treatment of veneers of Korean pine and yellow poplar, color difference decreasing effect by finishing was shown in crack seal clear and UV protection oil. In addition, UV protection oil was more favorable than crack seal clear with more decreased color difference. In result, maximum values of color difference after fading for 8 days were recorded about 16 to 20, which are remarked 'very much' of 12.1 or more when reviewing with 'National bureau of standards unit in USA'.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.363-372
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• 2020

Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) is a widely used herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory properties, but its effects on the ORAI1 channel, which is important in generating intracellular calcium signaling for T cell activation, remain unknown. In this study, we investigated whether 70% ethanolic GJ extract (GJ_EtOH) and its subsequent fractions inhibit ORAI1 and determined which constituents contributed to this effect. Whole-cell patch clamp analysis revealed that GJ_EtOH (64.7% ± 3.83% inhibition at 0.1 mg/ml) and all its fractions showed inhibitory effects on the ORAI1 channel. Among the GJ fractions, the hexane fraction (GJ_HEX, 66.8% ± 9.95% at 0.1 mg/ml) had the most potent inhibitory effects in hORAI1-hSTIM1 co-transfected HEK293T cells. Chemical constituent analysis revealed that the strong ORAI1 inhibitory effect of GJ_HEX was due to linoleic acid, and in other fractions, we found that genipin inhibited ORAI1. Genipin significantly inhibited I_ORAI1 and interleukin-2 production in CD3/CD28-stimulated Jurkat T lymphocytes by 35.9% ± 3.02% and 54.7% ± 1.32% at 30 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the same genipin concentration inhibited the proliferation of human primary CD4⁺ T lymphocytes stimulated with CD3/CD28 antibodies by 54.9% ± 8.22%, as evaluated by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester assay. Our findings suggest that genipin may be one of the active components of GJ responsible for T cell suppression, which is partially mediated by activation of the ORAI1 channel. This study helps us understand the mechanisms of GJ in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2018

치자 추출물의 극성에 따른 분획-헥세인, 에틸아세테이트와 뷰탄올 분획의 폴리페놀 함량을 평가한 결과, 에틸아세테이트 분획이 다량의 폴리페놀을 함유함을 하였고, DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 제거와 환원력 실험에서 강력한 라디칼 제거와 환원능력을 나타냈다. 또한 치차 에틸아세테이트 분획(GJ-EA)의 라디칼 제거 활성을 세포수준에서 평가한 결과, LPS로 활성화된 BV-2 미세아교세포에서 발생하는 과량의 산화질소 생성을 억제하였고, 과산화수소를 처리한 췌장암 세포주의 증식과 이동성에 대해 억제효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 치자 에틸아세테이트 분획(GJ-EA)이 라디칼 제거효과, 과산화수소 유도형 암세포의 증식과 이동성에 대한 억제효과를 가진다는 것을 확인하여 치자 에틸아세테이트 분획(GJ-EA)을 이용한 기능성 식품소재 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2012

This research was designed to determine what components of Gardenia jasminoides play a major role in inhibiting the enzymes related antidepressant activity of this plant. In our previous research, the ethyl acetate fraction of G. jasminosides fruits inhibited the activities of both monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), and oral administration of the ethanolic extract slightly increased serotonin concentrations in the brain tissues of rats and decreased MAO-B activity. In addition, we found through in vitro screening test that the ethyl acetate fraction showed modest inhibitory activity on dopamine-${\beta}$ hydroxylase (DBH). The bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of five bio-active compounds, protocatechuic acid (1), geniposide (2), 6'-O-trans-p-coumaroylgeniposide (3), 3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) heptanes (4), and ursolic acid (5), from the ethyl acetate fraction of G. jasminoides fruits. The isolated compounds showed different inhibitory potentials against MAO-A, -B, and DBH. Protocatechuic acid showed potent inhibition against MAO-B ($IC_{50}$ $300{\mu}mol/L$) and DBH ($334{\mu}mol/L$), exhibiting weak MAO-A inhibition (2.41 mmol/L). Two iridoid glycosides, geniposide ($223{\mu}mol/L$) and 6'-O-trans-p-coumaroylgeniposide ($127{\mu}mol/L$), were selective MAO-B inhibitor. Especially, 6'-O-trans-p-coumaroylgeniposide exhibited more selective MAO-B inhibition than deprenyl, well-known MAO-B inhibitor for the treatment of early-stage Parkinson's disease. The inhibitory activity of 3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane was strong for MAO-B ($196{\mu}mol/L$), modest for MAO-A ($400{\mu}mol/L$), and weak for DBH ($941{\mu}mol/L$). Ursolic acid exhibited significant inhibition of DBH ($214{\mu}mol/L$), weak inhibition of MAO-B ($780{\mu}mol/L$), and no inhibition against MAO-A. Consequently, G. jasminoides fruits are considerable for development of biofunctional food materials for the combination treatment of depression and neurodegenerative disorders.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2010

Gardenia jasminoides is one of the most widely used herbal preparations for the treatment of liver disorders. This study evaluated the potential beneficial effect of G. jasminoides in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury. The mice were treated intraperitoneally with $CCl_4$ (10 ${\mu}l$/kg). They received G. jasminoides (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) 48 h, 24 h and 2 h before and 6 h after administering $CCl_4$. The serum activities of aminotransferase and the hepatic level of malondialdehyde were significantly higher 24 h after the $CCl_4$ treatment, while the concentration of reduced glutathione was lower. These changes were attenuated by G. jasminoides. $CCl_4$ increased the level of circulating tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) markedly, which was reduced by G. jasminoides. The levels of hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression were markedly higher after the $CCl_4$ treatment. G. jasminoides diminished these alterations. $CCl_4$ increased the level of TNF-$\alpha$, iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expressions, and these increases were attenuated by G. jasminoides. These results suggest that G. jasminoides alleviates $CCl_4$-induced liver injury, and this protection is likely due to the reduced oxidative stress and the downregulation of proinflammatory mediators.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제14권
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• pp.81-89
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• 2013

본고는 우리나라 청색계 염재인 쪽과 황색계 염재인 울금, 치자, 황련, 황벽으로 염색한 청색, 녹색계열의 직물편에 대한 비파괴 자외-가시광 분광 분석 및 3차원 형광 분광 분석 내용이다. 직물의 종류에 따라 각 염재의 분석결과에 영향을 주는지 여부를 확인하기 위하여 견과 면에 염색한 직물시편을 제작하였다. 염색 직물편에 대한 자외-가시광 반사도 측정 결과 쪽으로 염색한 경우 직물의 종류에 관계없이 쪽의 고유한 반사 스펙트럼이 나타났다. 녹색 계열의 직물은 3차원 형광 분광 분석결과 직물의 영향없이 황색 염재인 울금, 황련 및 황벽의 고유한 형광 스펙트럼이 확인되나 치자 및 쪽의 형광 스펙트럼은 나타나지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과는 견이나 면에 염색된 청색 및 녹색 염료의 종류를 규명하는 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.100-111
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• 2022

After the corona pandemic, when consumers choose clothes, the issue of sustainability has become a more important selection criterion. The eco-friendly functional fiber used in the study is a smartcell, which has functions such as UV protection, decomposition of harmful substances, deodorization, antibacterial and biodegradation. This eco-friendly functional fiber was dyed using five kinds of natural dyes to examine the color change according to dyeability and dyeing conditions. As natural dyes, gardenia, turmeric, sappan wood, lac, and indigo were used. For comparison with smartcell, rayon, a cellulose regenerated fiber, and wool fiber, a protein fiber, were dyed under the same conditions to compare dyeability and color. The study results are as follows. It was found that smartcell had superior dyeability compared to rayon and wool in gardenia dye and showed lower dyeability than wool when dyeing turmeric, sappan wood, and lac dyes, but showed superior or similar dyeability than rayon. In case of indigo dyeing, the dyeability of smartcell was the best when dyed once, but it was found that smartcell had a lower effect on repeated dyeing compared to wool or rayon. Therefore, smartcell has superior dyeability compared to rayon fiber in gardenia, turmeric, sappan wood, and lac dyeing, and in case of indigo dyeing, it is suitable for light dyeing. When smartcell is produced as textile fashion products, natural dyeing is actively introduced and commercialized, and it is hoped that this study can be a reference material.