• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.180-191
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• 2015

Purpose: There is a lack of data on the energy cost of children's everyday activities, adult values are often used as surrogates. In addition, the influence of body weight on the energy cost of activity when expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs) has not been vigorously explored. Methods: In this study 20 elementary school students 9~12 years of age completed 18 various physical activities while energy expenditure was measured continuously using a portable telemetry gas exchange system ($K_4b^2$, Cosmed, Rome, Italy). Results: The average age was 10.4 years and the average height and weight was 145.1 cm and 43.6 kg, respectively. Oxygen consumption ($VO_2$), energy expenditure and METs at the time of resting of the subjects were 5.41 mL/kg/min, 1.44 kcal/kg/h, and 1.5 METs, respectively. METs values by 18 physical activities were as follows: Homework and reading books (1.6 METs), playing game with a mobile phone or video while sitting (1.6 METs), watching TV while sitting on a comfortable chair (1.7 METs), playing video game or mobile phone game while standing (1.9 METs), sweeping a room with a broom (2.7 METs) and playing a board game (2.8 METs) belong to light intensity physical activities. By contrary, speedy walking and running were 6.6 and 6.7 METs, respectively, which belong to high intensity physical activities over 6.0 METs. When the effect of body weight on physical activity energy expenditure was determined, $R^2$ values increased with 0.116 (playing a game at sitting), 0.176 (climbing up and down stairs), 0.246 (slow walking), and 0.455 (running), which showed that higher activity intensity increased explanation power of body weight on METs value. Conclusion: This study is important for direct evaluation of energy expenditure by physical activities of children, and it could be used directly for revising and complementing the existing activity classification table to fit for children.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.21-37
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contents of Korean-learning applications by comparing two teaching methods(Phonics Instruction/Whole Language Approach). For this purpose, a total of 51 Korean-learning applications were analysed. The instruments used in this study were developed based on Applications for preschoolers Evaluation Criteria and Vocabulary Game Applications for preschoolers Evaluation Criteria. The collected data were analyzed by using a t-test. The main results are as follows. First, 'Developmental appropriateness' had the highest scores whereas 'Amusement' had the lowest scores in general. Second, there was a significant difference in 'Interaction' by teaching method. Implications for the development of more systematic Korean-learning applications for preschoolers are discussed.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.368-376
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• 2007

How to represent the search space is as important as which search algorithm to use for finding natural-looking paths for moving NPC (non-player character) in computer games. Recently, various state space representation methods which have been developed for computer games are being used while A* algorithm dominates as the preferred search algorithm. These representation methods show some drawbacks such as the size of state space is too large, there is no guarantee for optimality, the path found is not natural-looking, and the generation of nodes and links is not automatic by depending on a level designer. In this paper the requirements for natural-looking paths are introduced and to find paths satisfying these requirements, the use of the generalized visibility graphs which is the extended version of the visibility graph in Robotics is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.663-676
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• 2016

In Korean professional baseball the championship team of the year is determined by the four series of games: semi-semi-playoff, semi-playoff, playoff and korean series. To the top 5 teams in a regular season privileges are given to play the games at post season. At semi-semi playoff the winner of two teams which are ranked at 4th and 5th place in the regular season can advance to the game of semi playoff. The winner at semi playoff advances to the playoff to play with the second place team in the regular season. Finally, the championship team is to be determined in the Korean series between the winner of the playoff and the first ranked team in the regular season. We propose methods of how to calculate the winning probabilities of each of high ranked 5 teams advancing to Korean series. From our proposed methods we can estimate the championship probabilities of each of high ranked 5 teams advancing to the Korean series only if we know the winning probabilities between two teams in the regular season or the post season.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-known method for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction while maintaining most of the variation in data. Although PCA has been applied in many areas successfully, it is sensitive to outliers and only valid for Gaussian distributions. Several variants of PCA have been proposed to resolve noise sensitivity and, among the variants, improved robust fuzzy PCA (RF-PCA2) demonstrated promising results. RF-PCA, however, is still a linear algorithm that cannot accommodate non-Gaussian distributions. In this paper, a non-linear algorithm that combines RF-PCA2 and kernel PCA (K-PCA), called improved robust kernel fuzzy PCA (RKF-PCA2), is introduced. The kernel methods make it to accommodate non-Gaussian distributions. RKF-PCA2 inherits noise robustness from RF-PCA2 and non-linearity from K-PCA. RKF-PCA2 outperforms previous methods in handling non-Gaussian distributions in a noise robust way. Experimental results also support this.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-35
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to develope Premarial Sexual Education Program. This program was based on survey(466 data used) for the need of PSEP. The result were as followings: 1. The need of sex education was higher(92.9%) and the participation of this PSEP was 80.4%, so this program was systemic structure. 2. Their premarital sexual values were more permissive(52.2%) than the past. But women thought tha female would be vergin(27.1%) their inter course experience rate was 33.4% and Age of experience was under 23 year olds. 3. The unmarried persns wanted that PSEP was consisted of 10 sub themes : (1) pregnancy and child-birth(mean=4.4/5) (2) contraception and family planning(m=4.3) (3) sexual morality and sexual value(m=4.2) (4) sexual healthy family (m=4.1) (5) sexual open communication(m=4.1) (6) venereal disease and coping stratiges(m=4.0) (7) sex role learning(m=3.9) (8) sexual physiology(m=3.8) (9) premarital sex and unwed mother(m=3.7) (10) adultery and society(m=3.6) 4. They want that group meeting would be every Wensday or Friday evening and the required time is two hours. The instruction methods are expected lecture, discussion or seminar and viewing video tapes. 5. So PSEP was consist of 10 sub-themes: (1) orientation and self-disclosure(test, lecture, game) (2) sexual physiology(video tape, lecture) (3) pregnancy and child birth(lecture, video tape) (4) contraceptive methods and family planning(lecture, video tape, test, discussion) (5) sex role learning(test, lecture, role-play) (6) venereal disease and coping stratiges(lecture, video tape) (7) premarital sex and incest(cause study, lecture) (8) sex morality and sex value(seminars, lecture) (9) sexual open communication(seminars) (10) sexual healthy family(lecture, seminars)

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2013

In this paper, we consider a physics-based 2D flight simulation game where users can easily control realistic flight of a vehicle equipped with two thrusters that allow vertical takeoff and vertical landing. The flight vehicle can be manipulated by directly controlling the thrusting force at each thruster using a pair of analog input devices such as joysticks. However, it might require too much practice to make aerobatic flying solely with this kind of control. We propose a set of fly-by-wire methods that provide easy-to-use, intuitive control of a VTVL vehicle. Based on PD controllers, the proposed methods allow users to specify the velocity or position of the vehicle directly. Furthermore, they are easy to understand and simple to implement. We expect that the proposed vehicle model and control mechanism could be used in various 2D games.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.261-284
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• 2016

Presidential archives have higher historical value than other public documentaries. It is a reliable documentary reflecting aspects of contemporary life and has high value and availability in the education field. This study suggests how to intensify the role as an intelligence service of presidential archives and how to develop the utilized-Presidential Archives mobile education contents in G-learning environments to lead the positive awareness on Presidential archives. After suggesting the 7 levels methods about the development of mobile education contents using presidential archives in G-learning environments, This study shows the case of the applied educational contents on the subject of $5^{th}$ grade at the elementary school. 7 levels methods include pre-planning, pre-design, selecting presidential records, presidential records story-telling, making the storyboard, implementing a game, sharing and assess.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2004

With the remarkable progression of network and the sophistication of contents, we now see various ways of communication methods in World Wide Web. In such trend, 3D web deserves our attention, which is applied for various areas such as education, game, chatting, e-commerce. Among those, by using 3D contents, e-commerce, especially the customized e-commerce, can give users more rich information about products. However, most of current 3D e-commerce sites are adopting a mere tool-based methods without considering contents and interaction required for the customized e-commerce. So, this paper proposes the direction of developing 3D interaction program for the customized e-commerce, based on a study on the required information elements about products and the interaction of controlling those factors. The evaluation to compare with the existing program is follows by the development of practical program, to give more persuasive reasons on the advantages of 3D e-commerce program.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.896-902
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• 2019

In this paper, we proposed two methods to automatically generate color images similar to existing images using genetic algorithms. Experiments were performed on two different sizes($256{\times}256$, $512{\times}512$) of gray and color images using each of the proposed methods. Experimental results show that there are significant differences in the evolutionary performance of each technique in genetic modeling for image generation. In the results, evolving the whole image into sub-images evolves much more effective than modeling and evolving it into a single gene, and the generated images are much more sophisticated. Therefore, we could find that gene modeling, selection method, crossover method and mutation rate, should be carefully decided in order to generate an image similar to the existing image in the future, or to learn quickly and naturally to generate an image synthesized from different images.