• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the Effect of Acupuncture Chok-samni(ST36) on Skin temperature(ST), Galvanic skin response(GSR) and Heart rate(HR) in humans. ST36 is used in uneasiness, high fever, stroke, paralysis on oriental medicine. Methods : Subjects were 18 healthy oriental medical students volunteers(15male, 3female, mean age-28). Under sequence of ST36 acupuncture, the first group was observed ST, the second group was observed GSR and the third group was observed HR. Skin temperature was measured on Haegye acupoint(ST41) before and after acupuncture stimulation. Each test took 15minutes. This test was performed twice in order to increase the statistical authenticity. Results : Our result indicates that acupuncture stimulation of ST36 statistically decreased skin temperature on ST41. Also statistically decreased in HR. The change of GSR after ST36 acupuncture was decreased, but there is no statistical. Conclusions : These results suggested that acupuncture stimulation of ST 36 has effect on ST and HR in human body, and may be used by treatment as control the nerve system.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.117-126
• /
• 1995

In order to evaluate objectively the level of tension and relaxation in dental practices, the author used Biotrainer(BF-102R), one of the GSR biofeedback apparatus, to examine 119 dental outpatients on their changes of GSR due to infection, preparation, extraction and readjustment. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There were no differences in the baseline GSR between the control group and the patient groups. 2. Changes in GSR by practices were significantly larger than the baseline GSR. 3. GSR in female was larger than that in male 4. While the GSR after injection, preparation and extraction revealed lower level, the GSR after readjustment revealed higher level. 5. Most of subjects just after injection, preparation and extraction were more frequent in decrease of GSR and those just after readjustment more were frequent n increase of GSR. 6. Type 1,2(increase in skin resistance) showed greater in injection, preparation and extraction group, while type 3(decrease in skin resistance) did in readjustment group.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.2
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 1981

Despite evidence from adults that stimulus incongruity increased arousal level, there have been no published reports demonstrating this relationship with children. Therefore, the present study was done to 1) investigate the relationship between the introduction of stimulus incongruity and children's arousal level, using the GSR as an index of arousal; 2) determine whether age difference among subjects would affect the magnitude of the effect of incongruity on GSR ; and 3) determine the feasility of using the GSR with young children, particularly when manipulating a variable considered to involve only modest increase in arousal. The results were: 1) The incongrous outcome of two brief stories increased the arousal level of the subjects in the present study 2) The effect was related primarily in the GSR arousal scores of adult subjects. The smaller or nonexistent reactions to incongruity by the children represent essentially new results, as little or previous research exists involving the arousal level of young children to visual or auditorily presented stimuli. Several possibilities regarding the failure of the incongruity to generate arousal in the young children were considered Methodolog both in using GSR as an index of arousal level and in developing visual or audio stimuli involving incongruity was discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.52
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 1999

We report on some of the preliminary results of the physiological responses resulting from vehicular speed changes. Healthy human subjects (n=5) were studied for the experiments. We measured the physiological responses of the subjects such as Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), and skin temperature for day and night vehicular speed change experiments, respectively. Before and after the tasks, we carried out a self-report for acquiring correlation with experiment results. Mean heart rate variability (HRV) and amplitude of GSR and skin temperature were calculated for 3 minutes duration in each state. The analysis of the physiological measures of ANS activity revealed that vehicle speed change-based affective state evoked arousal response pattern featured by HR acceleration, decrease of skin temperature, and increase of GSR amplitude. The obtained results show that despite some differences observed between each state, overall physiological responses show that the activity of the sympathetic nervous system increases as a result of the increase of speed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.637-644
• /
• 2008

Human emotion has been tried to be recognized by physiological measurements in developing emotion machine enabling to understand and react to user's emotion. This study is to find the time-dependent physiological measurements and their variation characteristics for discriminating emotions according to dimensional emotion model. Ten university students were asked to watch sixteen prepared images to evoke different emotions. Their subjective emotions and autonomic nervous responses such as ECG (electrocardiogram), PPG (photoplethysmogram), GSR (Galvanic skin response), RSP (respiration), and SKT(skin temperature) were measured during experiment. And these responses were analyzed into HR(Heart Rate), Respiration Rate, GSR amplitude average, SKT amplitude average, PPG amplitude, and PTT(Pulse Transition Time). TDPs(Time dependent parameters) defined as the delay, the activation, the half recovery and the full recovery of respective physiological signal in this study have been determined and statistically compared between variations from different emotions. The significant tendencies in TDP were shown between emotions. Therefore, TDP may provide useful measurements with emotion recognition.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2017

Emotion has a direct influence such as decision-making, perception, etc. and plays an important role in human life. For the convenient and accurate recognition of high-arousal negative emotion, the purpose of this paper is to design an algorithm for analysis using the bio-signal. In this study, after two emotional induction using the 'normal' / 'fear' emotion types of videos, we measured the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) signal which is the simple of bio-signals. Then, by decomposing Tonic component and Phasic component in the measured GSR and decomposing Skin Conductance Very Slow Response (SCVSR) and Skin Conductance Slow Response (SCSR) in the Phasic component associated with emotional stimulation, extracting the major features of the components for an accurate analysis, we used a discrete wavelet transform with excellent time-frequency localization characteristics, not the method used previously. The extracted features are maximum value of Phasic component, amplitude of Phasic component, zero crossing rate of SCVSR and zero crossing rate of SCSR for distinguishing high-arousal negative emotion. As results, the case of high-arousal negative emotion exhibited higher value than the case of low-arousal normal emotion in all 4 of the features, and the more significant difference between the two emotion was found statistically than the previous analysis method. Accordingly, the results of this study indicate that the GSR may be a useful indicator for a high-arousal negative emotion measurement and contribute to the development of the emotional real-time rating system using the GSR.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.499-508
• /
• 2014

In this paper, we implemented a LED sensitivity illumination system, being driven in response to changes in the biological signals of GSR and PPG signal. After measuring biological signals of a human body from GSR and PPG sensor modules, MCU decided the state of relaxation or arousal of the subject, being based on the wake relaxation identifying map proposed in this paper. A developed LED sensitivity illumination system makes the subject to reach a normal state by giving a change of the LED illumination color, corresponding to a state of the subject.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 2010

This study investigated the effects of contiguity and reading mode on cognitive load factors measured by Galvanic Skin Response(GSR). In this study two experimental conditions were imposed to participants to measure cognitive load with the high contiguity picture and low contiguity picture. Thirty-four college students participated to this experiment(experiment group=17, control group=17), and spilt-plot factorial design was applied to control individual difference in galvanic skin response. Tasks of this experiment were reading and summary. The dependent variables were skin conductance response, and perceived difficulty. The independent variables were the degree of contiguity of visual material(high contiguity vs. low contiguity). The major result of this study was identification of a significant difference of GSR with low contiguity condition. Indeed it was identified that more complex reading condition required more cognitive loads. This finding supported that different cognitive process might require different amounts of cognitive loads. For the further research, this study discussed the validity of applying physiological signals to assess cognitive loads and relationships the associated affective reactions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.120-122
• /
• 2003

In this study, an experiment was conducted in order to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of and on-line subjective assessment (OLSA) system. The present study compared Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) with the OLSA by presenting 28 subjects in their 20s with pictures arousing either positive or negative sensibility. According to the correlation coefficients, changes in subjective sensibility caused by the positive visual stimulus were related more closely to GSR, from the positive visual stimulus, and changes in subjective sensibility caused by the negative visual stimulus were related more closely to GSR from the negative visual stimulus. In conclusion, the most remarkable characteristic of the present system is that it not only assesses the average sensibility when stimuli are presented, but also shows the changing strength of sensibility over time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.1425-1426
• /
• 2010