• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2018

Regulation of gastrointestinal hormones have been reported in animal models for constipation undergoing laxative therapy when administered herbal products. We undertook to investigate whether the laxative activity of gallotannin-enriched extracts isolated from Galla Rhois (GEGR) affects the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones, by examining the concentration of four hormones and the activation of their receptors in the loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation model. Stool parameters, including number, weight and water content, were significantly recovered in the Lop+GEGR treated group, relative to the Lop+ vehicle treated group; however, food intake and water consumption were maintained at a constant level. Also, a similar recovery was detected for thickness of mucosa, muscle and flat luminal surface in the Lop+GEGR treated group. Furthermore, concentration of the four gastrointestinal hormones evaluated, namely, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin (GAS), somatostatin (SS) and motilin (MTL), were lower in the Lop+vehicle treated group than the No treated group, but were remarkably enhanced in the Lop+GEGR treated group. Moreover, the downstream signaling pathway of MTL and SS receptors were recovered after GEGR administration. Results of the present study therefore indicate that the laxative effects of GEGR treatment may be tightly related with the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones in the Lopinduced constipation model.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.241-254
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• 2016

Environmental microbes like Bordetella petrii has been established as a causative agent for various infectious diseases in human. Again, development of drug resistance in B. petrii challenged to combat against the infection. Identification of potential drug target and proposing a novel lead compound against the pathogen has a great aid and value. In this study, bioinformatics tools and technology have been applied to suggest a potential drug target by screening the proteome information of B. petrii DSM 12804 (accession No. PRJNA28135) from genome database of National Centre for Biotechnology information. In this regards, the inhibitory effect of nine natural compounds like ajoene (Allium sativum), allicin (A. sativum), cinnamaldehyde (Cinnamomum cassia), curcumin (Curcuma longa), gallotannin (active component of green tea and red wine), isoorientin (Anthopterus wardii), isovitexin (A. wardii), neral (Melissa officinalis), and vitexin (A. wardii) have been acknowledged with anti-bacterial properties and hence tested against identified drug target of B. petrii by implicating computational approach. The in silico studies revealed the hypothesis that lpxD could be a potential drug target and with recommendation of a strong inhibitory effect of selected natural compounds against infection caused due to B. petrii, would be further validated through in vitro experiments.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2018

We isolated gallotannin, 2,6-digalloyl-1,5-anhydroglucitol, known as acertannin (1), from the barks and xylems of Acer ginnala Maxim. It is a genus of Acer species of shrubs in the family Aceraceae. A. ginnala grows in Korea, Japan and Mongolia. We accomplished the structure elucidation by confirming that the result of $^1H$,$^{13}C-NMR$,MS spectrum data was similar to previous references. We measured DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity in vitro to evaluate anti-oxidative activities on acertannin isolated from A. ginnala. Acertannin from A. ginnala exhibited potent DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. We examined the antioxidant and apoptosis modulative effects. This examination shows that A. ginnala has not only 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity, but also human hair dermal papilla cell protection effects. These results indicate that the barks and xylems of A. ginnala might be developed as a potent anti-oxidant, hair growth agent, and ingredient for related new functional cosmetic materials.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.559-570
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• 2016

The EtOAc and $H_2O$ soluble fractions of Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. Et Zucc) bark extracts were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column with various aqueous MeOH. Gallic acid (1), methyl galate (2), kurigalin (3), 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-${\beta}$-D-glucose (4) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-${\beta}$-D-glucose (5) were isolated from EtOAc fraction. Isocorilagin (6) and methyl galate (2) were separated from $H_2O$ fraction. The structure determination was done by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR. Of these isolated compounds, methyl galate (2), kurigalin (3) and isocorilagin (6) were isolated, for the first time, from the bark extracts of Cercidiphyllum japonicum.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.474-482
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• 2016

The black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) contains anthocyanin, tannins, gallotannin, gallic acid, ferulic acid and phenolics. It brightens the eyes and protects the liver and kidneys. It was effective for anti-aging. Thus, the purpose of this study was to inform the excellence of black raspberry and to screen antioxidant activity to ensure the possibility as a functional material. In this study, bioactive compounds in black raspberry were determined. Additionally, black raspberry was extracted by CM (chloroform:methanol, 2:1, v/v), 70% methanol and 70% ethanol, and were investigated and compared in vitro methods. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were measured to compare each different solvents. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, reducing power were determined to measure the antioxidant activity. The results were the highest in 70% ethanol extracts, and the higher the concentration showed a significantly higher antioxidant capacity. When observed the relationship between the study, antioxidant activity of black raspberry was supposed to affect by the anthocyanin, phenol and flavonoid contents.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 1995

This study was surveyed and compiled the contribution about acorn in korea .the physico-chemical properties of acorn and acorn starch. preparation of acorn starch and elimination of the acorn tannin, the rheological properties of acorn starch gel. Nutrition of acorn and antioxidative activity of tannin in acorn extract. The result obtained were as follow. 1. The chemical compositions of acorn were water 6.5∼13.7%, crude ash 1.9∼3.4%, crude fat 1.1∼5.0%, crude protein 5.8∼7.8%, crude fiber 2.1∼3.6%, N-free extract 71∼77.5%, total tannin 4.6∼9.3%, Ca 92.7∼460.9mg%, p 80.0∼740.9mg%, Na 66.2∼93.9 mg%, and K 867.9∼983.1mg%. 2. The acorn tannin was extracted with water, acetone, and ethanol. The generation method was wash SE settling method with water. 3. The shape of acorn starch granule was rounded triangular and some elliptical, rasing power 12.4∼12.5, Blue value 0.43∼0.47, Alkali number 10.8∼11.3, Amount of Arnylose 28.8∼30.50% Tannin contents on the initial go tim-zation temperature of acorn starch were not influenced but maximum and cooling viscosity o the acorn starch were decreased. 4. Nutritional effect and diet absorption rate were not influence, by rice and 20% T-A(elimination of tannin from the acorn) mixed diet, and the content of lipid in s rum were not influenced by rice 40% and T-A (elimination of tannin from the acorn) mixed diet. 5. jallic acid, digallic acid, gallotannin were contained in acorn powder extract. The main antioxidative : stlvity was speculated due to the gallic acid.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 1999

On the purpose of development of novel antioxidative compounds from natural sources, 38 plants expected to show antioxidant activity have been examined concerning DPPH radical scavenging activity. Among them, thirteen plants, including Paeoniae radix, the root of Paeonia lactiflora, exhibited the activity. In order to isolate active component, the root was extracted in 80% aqueous MeOH and solvent fractionated with EtOAc, n-BuOH and water, successively. Silica gel column chromatographies of the EtOAc and n-BuOH fraction exhibiting antioxidant activity. were repeatedly carried out with monitoring by DPPH assay to afford three active compounds. On the basis of spectral data and the chemical characteristics, the structures of the compounds were determined as (+)-catechin, $1,2,3,4-tetragalloyl-6-digalloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$ and $1,2,3,4,6-penta-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2021

Camellia nut shell was collected, dried at room temperature and ground to get fine powder. The powder was extracted three times with 95% EtOH, combined, evaporated, and then freeze dried. The crude powder was dissolved in H₂O and then sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, CH₂Cl₂, EtOAc and n-BuOH. A part of EtOAc fraction was chromatographed on a silica gel and on a Sephadex LH-20 columns using MeOH, aqueous MeOH, EtOAc-n-hexane and EtOH-n-hexane to isolate gallotannins. Three gallotannins, 1,2-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), including gallic acid (1), were isolated and elucidated by NMR and Mass spectroscopies. Although nothing new, these gallotannins were first reported from the nut shell extractives of camellia tree (Camellia oleifera C. Abel). This study was to investigate the chemical constituents, especially hydrolysable tannins, of nut shell extractives of Camellia oleifera and to provide basic information for the future chemical utilization of this species.