• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1582-1587
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• 2012

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of lysine (Lys) to DE ratio on growth performance, and carcass characterics in finishing barrows. Ninety six cross-bred finishing barrows ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc, average BW $58.25{\pm}0.48$ kg) were assigned as a randomized complete block design by 2 energy levels and 4 Lys:DE ratios on the basis of BW to one of 8 treatments with 3 replications with 4 animals per pen. The levels of DE and Lys:DE ratio for each treatment were i) DE 3.35 Mcal/kg, 1.5 g Lys/Mcal DE, ii) DE 3.35 Mcal/kg, 1.8 g Lys/Mcal DE, iii) DE 3.35 Mcal/kg, 2.1 g Lys/Mcal DE, iv) DE 3.35 Mcal/kg, 2.4 g Lys/Mcal DE, v) DE 3.60 Mcal/kg, 1.5 g Lys/Mcal DE, vi) DE 3.60 Mcal/kg, 1.8 g Lys/Mcal DE, vii) DE 3.60 Mcal/kg, 2.1 g Lys/Mcal DE, viii) DE 3.60 Mcal/kg, 2.4 g Lys/Mcal DE. During finishing period from 58 kg to 103 kg of BW, increased energy density in the diet increased (p<0.05) ADG and gain:feed ratio, but did not influence ADFI. As Lys:DE ratio was increased, ADG, ADFI and gain:feed ratio were improved in finishing barrows (p<0.05). There were positive interactions (p<0.05) between carcass weight, grade, and backfat thickness and energy density and Lys level (p<0.05). In conclusion, data from our current study suggest that maximum yields including ADG, gain:feed ratio, carcass weight and grade can be achieved by administrating finishing pigs with an ideal Lys:DE ratio, Lys 2.1 g/DE Mcal.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2004

This study was conducted to find out the relationship among agronomic characteristics including midrib ratio in Burley tobacco(N.tabacum L.) Four cultrivars, Burley 21, KB108, KB111 and KB301, were grown at Suwon Experimental Station in 2001. Several agronomic characteristics of these cultivars were measured for the analysis of correlations among agronomic characteristics. Midrib ratio of KB301 was somewhat higher than those of the other cultivars, but there is no significant differences among cultivars at $5\%$ probability level. Among four stalk positions, midrib ratio of cutters was the highest. Midrib ratio was correlated positively with length of leaf at $1\%$ level and negatively with weight of lamina at $5\%$ level, respectively.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

Objectives : To investigate the immunological activities, we evaluated the combination ratio of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata and Glycyrrhizae Radix (AG) on murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and ovalbumin/aluminium (OVA/Alum)-immunized mice. Methods : The cellular proliferation and the production of nitric oxide were examined in a macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells, in the presence of the combination ratio of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata and Glycyrrhizae Radix. C57BL/6 mice were immunized intraperitonially with ovalbumin/aluminium ($100{\mu}g/200{\mu}g$) on day 1, 8, and 15. The combination ratio of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata and Glycyrrhizae Radix (1 g/kg/day) was orally administrated for 3 weeks. On day 22, splenocyte and plasma were collected for mitogen-induced proliferation, lymphocyte subpopulation by flow cytometry and measurement of AST (Aspirate aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), and antibodies (OVA-specific antibodies of the IgG, IgG1, and total IgM classes). Results : Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata treatment had no influence on immune responses. The proliferation and NO production of macrophage and proliferation of splenocyte were increased as the higher ratio of Glycrrhizae Radix. The proliferation of splenocyte, lymphocyte subpopulation and production of antibody (total IgM, OVA-specific IgG and OVA-specific IgG1) were increased as the higher ratio of Glycrrhizae Radix on OVA-immunzed mice. Conclusions : These results suggest that the higher ratio of Glycyrrhizae Radix can increase immunological activities such as NO production in RAW264.7 cells, splenocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin production in OVA-immunized mice.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 1980

The mean values of total protein, albumin, globulins and A/G ratio of synovial fluid from the normal tibiotarsal joints of 55 healthy Korean native cattle were investigated. The results obtained were summarized as followings. 1. The mean values of synovial total protein for the entire group were $0.98{\pm}0.05g/dl$, with a range of 0.43 to 1.83g/dl for individual samples, and $1.00{\pm}0.07g/dl$ in slaughtering cattle and $0.92{\pm}0.06g/dl$ in living group, respectively. Compared with serum, synovial fluid contained far less total protein(p<0.01). 2. The mean values for the group were; albumin, $0.42{\pm}0.02g/dl$, globulins, $0.56{\pm}0.04g/dl$, and A/G ratio, $0.99{\pm}0.10$, with a range of 0.17-0.82g/dl, 0.03-1.32g/dl, and 0.15-3.15 for individual sample, respectively. 3. No statistical significant differences in the mean values of total protein, albumin, globulins, and A/G ratio have been observed between the synovial fluids of slaughtering and living animals. 4. Significant correlations existed between the globulin levels of synovial fluid and serum(r=0.3939), but the other values were not established.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigated the water requirement of twisted sweet peppers which are cultivated in a green house. The meteorological conditions during the experiment period was close to that of normal year except the temperature and relative humidity. The growth status was improved with the increased saturation ratio. The range of the variation of daily water requirement were very large. The peak consumption occurred in the early August. And the higher saturation ratio resulted in higher water requirement. The total water requirement were about 57.180g/d/plant for pot with 100% (P100) of saturation , about 38.700g/d/plant for pot with 80%(P80) of saturation , about 23,720g/d/plant for pot with 60%(P60) of saturation, and about 53, 390g/d/plant for field cultivation in the green house, respectively. The water requirement was correlated with average ambient temperature and growing status, while no significant correlation were found between water requirement and minimum relative humidity or intensity of solar radiation. And the higher correlation was shown as the saturation ratio was increased. The transpiration coefficients of twisted sweet pepper were 378.0g/g for field cultivation in the green house, 363.3g/g for P100, 338.7g for P80 which was the smallest among pot cultivation , and 472.1g/g for P60 , respectively.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.836-840
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• 2005

Extraction characteristics of Bonus species of Brassica oleracea var. capita and functional properties of corresponding extract were monitored by response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum extraction yield of 44.07% was obtained at ratio of solvent to sample of 27.94 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 24.35%, and extraction temperature of $55.21^{\circ}C$. At ratio of solvent to sample, ethanol concentration, and extraction temperature of 21.11 mL/g, 58.53%, and $68.83^{\circ}C$, respectively, maximum electron-donating ability was 48.44%. Maximum inhibitory effect on tyrosinase was 68.94% at ratio of solvent to sample, ethanol concentration, and extraction temperature of 24.08 mL/g, 10.49%, and $78.71^{\circ}C$, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed maximum pseudo-activity of 24.78% at ratio of solvent to sample of 22.66 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 45.69%, and extraction temperature of $93.81^{\circ}C$. Based on superimposition of four-dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield, electron-donating ability, and pseudo-activity of SOD, optimum ranges of extraction conditions were ratio of solvent to sample of 20-30 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 35-65%, and extraction temperature of $50-80^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.251-264
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• 1999

본 연구는 조기발병형 치주염의 서로 다른 4가지 표현형에 있어서 Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) 381과 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans(Aa) Y4에 대한 상승된 IgG subclass의 양상을 평가하기 위해 시행하였다. Subform I(distinctive localized juvenile periodontitis pattern)에서 3명 subform II(post juvenile periodontitis pattern)에서 19명, subform III (localized but rapidly progressing pattern)에서 15명, subform IV(distinctive rapidly progressing periodontitis pattern)에서 15명의 환자를 조사하여 Pg에 대한 그들의 total IgG level과 각각의 IgG subclass level 및 Aa에 대한 IgG level을 검사했다. Pg에 대한 total IgG level은 subform II와 IV보다 subform I과 III에서 훨씬 높게 나타났다. IgG3 level이 subform I과 IV사이에서 현저한 차이가 있다는 점을 제외하고는, 다른 IgG subclass level에서 subform 사이에 아무런 차이가 없었다. Pg에 대한 IgG subclass는 single class 혹은 다양한 group에서 상승되어 나타났으며, IgG1+2+4가 가장 흔하게 발견되었고, 다음으로 IgG4 단독, IgG2 단독, IgG2+4, IgG2+3+4의 순으로 발견되었다. IgG2와 IgG4가 빈번히 상승되어 발견되었는데, 특히 severe form(subform III & IV)에서 그러했다. 뿐만 아니라, IgG level은 subform II, III, IV와 일치하여 점차적으로 증가하였고, 반면에 IgG1/IgG4 ratio는 그와 일치하여 감소되었다. 이러한 ratio의 감소는 단백질성의 오래된 항원의 과부하로 인해 immunoglobulin gene의 전환을 가능하게 한다는 것을 나타내고 있다. Aa에 대한 IgG2 level은 다른 유형보다 subform I에서 상당히 높았다. Pg에 대한 IgG2 levels이 subform I의 국소 부위에서 발생하는 disease activity와 밀접한 관련이 있으며, Aa의 경우에는 이러한 관련성이 나타나지 않았다. Pg에 대한 IgG2 level은 18-25세에서 훨씬 높은 동시에 26-35세에서는 감소했으며 결국 30대 후반에서는 더 높은 수치로 되돌아갔다. 이러한 결과는 Pg에 대한 IgG2 및 IgG responsiveness (single 혹은 combined)가 EOP의 severe form의 발달에 중요하게 작용하며 IgG2 levels은 IgG1/IgG4 ratio와 더불어 EOP의 localized type이 generalized type으로 계속 진행하는 것을 조절하는 역할을 하는 것으로 보인다는 것을 강하게 시사하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.568-586
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• 1995

542 periodontal patients having early-onset periodontitis(EOP) have been reclassified into a more homogeneous phenotypic subsets by newly revised radiographic criteria. Representative patients of each EOP subform have been examined of serum IgG subclass antibodies against periodontopathic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) 381 and of genetic markers for IgG allotypes to clarify the relationship between these parameters and phenotype expression of each subform. The early onset periodontitis could be reclassified by the radiographic parameters combining the mean interproximal alveolar bone loss(BL) and the radiographic ratio(between 1st molars and the adjacent teeth: Ratio) with statistical significance(p<0.001 by MANOVA). Moreover these EOP subforms could clearly be delineated from adult periodontitis. Of subform I and II(localized type EOP) patients with minimal mean bone loss(BL<5.0), patients demonstrating disease activities in localized areas(Ratio.>1.5) showed the elevated responses in all the IgG subclasses against Pg compared with those of patients without disease activity(Ratio <1.5). There were gradual increase in the IgG2 and IgG4 titers against Pg as the disease developed into the generalized forms suggesting the possible role of these antibodies in modulating the phenotype expression. The genetic marker study for IgG allotype revealed that mean IgG2 and IgG4 subclass titers were significantly higher(p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively) in patients who were positive for G2m(n). This indicated that IgG subclass responsiveness against the bacterial antigens are under the immnuogenetic control. The observed frequencies of G2m(n) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in subfrom IV patients who had the characteristic features of classical rapidly progressing periodontitis indicating the possible genetic predisposition in these patients.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2012

Purpose: Methane production potential in aerobic digestion was assessed according to feed to inoculum (F/I) ratio for food waste only, and mixing ratio of two materials for food waste and swine manure to give a basic data for the design of anaerobic digestion system. Methods: Anaerbic digestion test was performed using a lab scale batch reactor at $35^{\circ}C$ for six different feed to inoculum (F/I) ratios (0.50, 0.72, 1.14, 1.50, 2.14 and 3.41), three food waste to swine manure ratios (100:0, 60:40 and 40:60) with two different loading concentrations (10g VS/L and 30g VS/L). Results: For food waste only, the highest biogas yield of 1008 mL/gVS was obtained at 0.50 of F/I. For the co-digestion of food waste and swine manure mixture, the highest biogas yield of 1148 mL/gVS was obtained at a mixing ratio of 40:60 with loading concentration of 10g VS/L. Conclusions: F/I ratio for the food waste only, mixing ratio of food waste and swine manure, and co-substrate loading rate affected the biogas production rate. For the low loading rate, there was not so much difference according to the mixing ratio of food waste and swine manure, but for the high loading rate higher biogas yield was acquired for the co-digestion of food waste and swine manure than for the food waste alone (mixing ratio, 100:0).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.840-844
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• 2010

Purpose: Microalbuminuria is defined as increased urinary albumin excretion (30-300 mg/day) or microalbumin/creatinine ratio (30-300 mg/g) in a spot urine sample. Although microalbuminuria is a predictor of clinical nephropathy and cardiomyopathy, few studies have investigated microalbuminuria in children with urinary tract infection (UTI). Therefore, we compared the spot urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio in pediatric UTI patients with that of control subjects. Methods: We investigated the correlation between the ratio in children with UTI and age, height, weight, blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), hematuria, vesicoureteral reflux, renal parenchymal defect, and renal scar, and its predictability for UTI complications. Results: We studied 66 patients (42 boys, 24 girls) and 52 healthy children (24 boys, 28 girls). The mean microalbumin/creatinine ratio in UTI patients was statistically significantly increased compared to the control group ($340.04{\pm}321.36mg/g$ vs. $225.68{\pm}154.61mg/g$, $P$=0.0141). The mean value of spot urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio ($384.70{\pm}342.22mg/g$ vs. $264.92{\pm}158.13mg/g$, $P$=0.0341) in 1-23 months age patient group showed statistically significant increase compared to control group. Microalbumin/creatinine ratio showed negative correlation to age (r=-0.29, $P$=0.0167), body surface area (BSA) (r=-0.29, $P$=0.0173) and GFR (r=-0.26, $P$=0.0343). The presence of hematuria ($P$=0.0169) was found to be correlated. Conclusion: The spot urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio in children with UTI was significantly greater than that in normal children, and it was positively correlated with GFR. This ratio is a potential prescreening and prognostic marker in UTI patients. Further studies are required to validate the predictability of microalbuminuria in pediatric UTI patients.