• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제49권12호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2012

주파수 옵셋 보상, 프레임 동기화, Timing Recovery를 포함하는 동기화는 모든 유/무선 통신 시스템에서 가장 중요한 신호 처리 블록이다. 대부분의 통신 시스템에서는 Training sequences 또는 프리앰블을 기반으로하는 동기화 방법이 사용된다. IEEE에서 제정한 802.11a/g/n의 무선랜 표준은 OFDM 시스템을 기반으로 한다. OFDM 시스템은 주파수와 타이밍 동기화 에러에 대해서 싱클캐리어 시스템보다 더 민감한 것으로 알려져 있다. 프레임의 시작점과 OFDM 심볼 및 훈련심볼의 시작점은 상관관계를 이용하여 추정될 수 있다. 상관관계를 처리 기능을 하는 블록은 일반적으로 많은 수의 곱셈기로 인하여 큰 복잡도를 갖게 된다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.11a/g/n 시스템을 위한 훈련심볼 내의 심볼값이 반복되는 특성을 활용한 복잡도가 현저히 낮은 동기화 기법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션과 구현결과 제안된 기법이 기존의 방법보다 성능저하는 없는 반면 훨씬 적은 복잡도를 갖는 결과를 보여준다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.791-818
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• 2013

The seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures with irregularities leading to soft first floor is studied using capacity assessment procedures. The soft first story effect is investigated for the cases: (i) slab-column connections without beams at the first floor, (ii) tall first story height and (iii) pilotis type building (open ground story). The effects of the first floor irregularity on the RC frame structure performance stages at global and local level (limit states) are investigated. Assessment based on the Capacity Spectrum Method (ATC-40) and on the Coefficient Method (FEMA 356) is also examined. Results in terms of failure modes, capacity curves, interstory drifts, ductility requirements and infills behaviour are presented. From the results it can be deduced that the global capacity of the structures is decreased due to the considered first floor morphology irregularities in comparison to the capacities of the regular structure. An increase of the demands for interstory drift is observed at the first floor level due to the considered irregularities while the open ground floor structure (pilotis type) led to even higher values of interstory drift demands at the first story. In the cases of tall first story and slab-column connections without beams soft-story mechanisms have also been observed at the first floor. Rotational criteria (EC8-part3) showed that the structure with slab-column connections without beams exhibited the most critical response.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1369-1389
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• 2016

The soil-structure interaction effect significantly influences the design of multi-storey buildings subjected to lateral seismic loads. The shear walls are often provided in such buildings to increase the lateral stability to resist seismic loads. In the present work, the nonlinear soil-structure analysis of a G+5 storey RC shear wall building frame having isolated column footings and founded on deformable soil is presented. The nonlinear seismic FE analysis is carried out using ANSYS software for the building with and without shear walls to investigate the effect of inclusion of shear wall on the moments in the footings due to differential settlement of soil mass. The frame is considered to behave in linear elastic manner, whereas, soil mass to behave in nonlinear manner. It is found that the interaction effect causes significant variation in the moments in the footings. The comparison of non-interaction and interaction analyses suggests that the presence of shear wall causes significant decrease in bending moments in most of the footings but the interaction effect causes restoration of the bending moments to a great extent. A comparison is made between linear and nonlinear analyses to draw some important conclusions.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.934-939
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• 2012

This paper proposes a new algorithm for ultrasonic sensors arranged on ring frame to identify obstacles surrounding itself by TOFs (time of flight). The ring frame has multiple channels consisting of a transmitter and a receiver. When the transmitter of a selected channel transmits ultrasonic signal, the TOFs of reflected signals from obstacles are acquired by the receiver of the channel. The process continues for all channels consecutively. Then, by using parabolic curve fitting of TOFs of all channel, the proposed algorithm not only calculates distances from multiple obstacles, but also identifies if the shape of obstacles are point or plane by the coefficients of the curve. By the experiment using 16 ultrasonic transceivers on the ring frame in the environment of two poles and two planes, we show the feasibility of the proposed scheme.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.317-322
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 컨테이너의 하역작업 시간을 단축함으로써 항만 하역 능률을 향상시킬 수 있는 고효율 갠트리 크레인의 필수 구조인 컨베이어 프레임의 구조설계를 수행하였다. 이것은 작업시 프레임 상부에 얹혀지는 컨테이너의 중량과 컨베이어 프레임의 자중으로 인하여 굽혀지게 되므로 본 연구에서는 프레임의 굽힘응력과 처짐이 설정값을 만족하면서 자체의 중량을 최소화할 수 있도록 ANSYS를 이용한 치수 최적화를 통하여 프레임의 두께를 설계하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.941-946
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 컨테이너의 하역작업 시간을 단축함으로써 항만 하역 능률을 향상시킬 수 있는 고효율 갠트리 크레인의 필수 구조인 컨베이어 프레임의 구조선계를 수행하였다. 이것은 작업시 프레임 상부에 얹혀지는 컨테이너의 중량과 컨베이어 프레임의 자중으로 인하여 굽혀지게 되므로 본 연구에서는 프레임의 굽힘응력과 처짐이 설정값을 만족하면서 자체의 중량을 최소화할 수 있도록 ANSYS를 이용한 치수 최적화를 통하여 프레임의 두께를 설계하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.1077-1082
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• 2013

경기력 향상을 위한 자전거 프레임을 제작하기 위하여 주행 시 자전거 프레임에 발생하는 항력을 고려한 공기역학적 설계가 필요하다. 이를 위해 국제 사이클연맹 규격에 맞추어 초기 프레임을 설계 및 제작을 하였고 프레임에 발생하는 항력을 정량적 척도로 판단하기 위하여 항력계수를 이용하였다. 자전거 프레임의 공기저항을 최소화하기 위해 프레임 단면의 파라미터 설계를 실시하여 최적의 프레임의 형상을 도출하였다. 또한 자전거 프레임은 주행 시 선수에 의한 하중을 견딜 수 있어야 한다. 구조적인 측면에서 안정성을 갖춘 프레임을 제작하기 위하여 국제 사이클 연맹규격에서 제시하는 하중조건을 근거로 프레임의 강성을 평가하였고 이를 통해 선수용 자전거 프레임을 개발하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2015

A non-traditional forage-based protocol was employed to evaluate replacement heifer growth, fertility, and economics between small frame (SF, 3.50; n = 50) and large frame (LF, 5.56; n = 50) heifers using three increasing gain growth phases. Preceding an 85 d growing-breeding period (Phase 3; P3) the heifers were managed as a common group for Phases 1 and 2 (P1 and P2). During P1, heifers grazed common fields of unharvested corn and corn residue (total digestible nutrients [TDN] 56%) with supplemental hay. For P2, heifers grazed early spring crested wheatgrass pasture (CWG; TDN 62%) that was followed by the final P3 drylot growing and breeding period (TDN 68%). Small frame heifers were lighter at the end of P1 in May and at the start of P3 breeding in August (p = 0.0002). Percent of mature body weight (BW) at the end of P1 (209 d) was 48.7% and 46.8%, respectively, for the SF and LF heifers and the percent pubertal was lower for SF than for LF heifers (18.0% vs 40.0%; p = 0.02). At breeding initiation (P3), the percentage of mature BW was 57.8 and 57.2 and the percentage pubertal was 90.0 and 96.0 (p = 0.07) for the SF and LF heifers, respectively; a 5-fold increase for SF heifers. Breeding cycle pregnancy on days 21, 42, and 63, and total percent pregnant did not differ (p>0.10). In drylot, SF heifer dry matter intake (DMI) was 20.1% less (p = 0.001) and feed cost/d was 20.3% lower (p = 0.001), but feed cost/kg of gain did not differ between SF and LF heifers (p = 0.41). Economically important live animal measurements for muscling were measured in May and at the end of the study in October. SF heifers had greater L. dorsi muscle area per unit of BW than LF heifers (p = 0.03). Small frame heifer value was lower at weaning (p = 0.005) and the non-pregnant ending heifer value was lower for SF heifers than for the LF heifers (p = 0.005). However, the total development cost was lower for SF heifers (p = 0.001) and the net cost per pregnant heifer, after accounting for the sale of non-pregnant heifers, was lower for SF heifers (p = 0.004). These data suggest that high breeding efficiency can be attained among March-April born SF and LF virgin heifers when transitioned to a more favorable May-June calving period through the strategic use of grazed and harvested forages resulting in a lower net cost per pregnant SF heifer.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.766-777
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 셀룰러 방송(cellular broadcast)을 위한 LTE (long term evolution) 기반 5G (fifth-generation) MBMS (multimedia broadcast and multicast services)와 5G NR (new radio)의 PBCH (physical broadcast channel) 검출 성능을 평가하고 5G NR의 PBCH 검출 성능을 향상시키는 방법을 제시한다. 시간 영역에서 수신 신호와 모든 가능한 PSS (primary synchronization signal)의 상관(correlation)을 계산하고, 상관 값을 결합(combining)하여 SS/PBCH 블록의 시작 위치와 프레임 동기를 획득한다. 또한, PBCH 검출 성능 향상을 위해 프레임 내에 존재하는 모든 SS/PBCH 블록에 포함된 PBCH 신호를 결합하는 방법을 제시한다. 본 논문에서 적용한 PBCH 결합 방법에 대한 성능을 평가하고 기존 LTE 기반 5G MBMS의 PBCH 검출 성능과 비교한다. 전산 실험 결과는 가산 백색 가우시안 잡음(additive white Gaussian noise: AWGN) 환경과 고정 및 이동 환경에서 5G NR의 PBCH를 결합함으로써 검출 성능이 향상되고 기존 LTE 기반 5G MBMS 보다 우수한 성능을 보여준다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.662-667
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• 2020

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are not only genetic markers for diagnosis but also biomarkers of clinical-response against tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among the EGFR mutations, the in-frame deletion mutation in EGFR exon 19 kinase domain (EGFR exon 19-del) is the most frequent mutation, accounting for about 45% of EGFR mutations in NSCLCs. Development of sensitive method for detecting the EGFR mutation is highly required to make a better screening for drug-response in the treatment of NSCLC patients. Here, we developed a fluorometric tandem gene amplification assay for sensitive detection of low-abundance EGFR exon 19-del mutant genomic DNA. The method consists of pre-amplification with PCR, thermal cycling of ligation by Taq ligase, and subsequent rolling circle amplification (RCA). PCR-amplified DNA from genomic DNA samples was used as splint DNA to conjugate both ends of linear padlock DNA, generating circular padlock DNA template for RCA. Long stretches of ssDNA harboring multiple copies of G-quadruplex structure was generated in RCA and detected by thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence, which is specifically intercalated into the G-quadruplex, emitting strong fluorescence. Sensitivity of tandem gene amplification assay for detection of the EGFR exon 19-del from gDNA was as low as 3.6 pg, and mutant gDNA present in the pooled normal plasma was readily detected as low as 1% fraction. Hence, fluorometric detection of low-abundance EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation using tandem gene amplification may be applicable to clinical diagnosis of NSCLC patients with appropriate TKI treatment.