• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

Objectives: To find out the effects GGTl, an antiobestic drug widely used in clinics, has on the blood-antiobestic index and the toxicity index using the data from the hGHTg obese male rats. We looked closely into both of the two indices because GGTl antiobestic effect can happen not only by pharmacological action, but also by its toxicity. Also, we verified the difference in effect between GGTl and reductil (sibutramine), which has been approved by the FDA of the United States. Methods: After performing the experiments for 8 weeks on the hGHTg obese male rats divided into three groups: the control group, the GGTl group, and the reductil (RD) group, we anesthetized the rats with Diethyl ether and took a 3ml blood sample from the heart. Then, after coagulating the blood in room temperature by using the plasma separator, we centrifuged it for 25 minutes in 3,000rpm using the high-speed refrigerated centrifuge. We kept the separated plasma in a deep freezer at $-80^{\circ}C$, and repeatedly measured the antiobestic index and the toxicity index twice using the hematology biochemistry analyzer. Also, in order to judge the indirect toxicity index, we separated liver from kidney and observed them. Results: When we looked at the results of the analysis of covariance on the measuring elements related to the antiobestic index (TC, HDL, LDL, TG, and GLU), there was no significant difference among the groups in all measuring elements. Also, the results of the analysis of covariance on the two roups (RD group and GGTl group) showed that the p-values had no significant difference under the level of significance 0.05. When we looked at the result of the analysis of covariance on the measuring elements related to the toxicity index (GOT, GPT, GGT, CREA, UA, ALB, and TP), we could see that the p-values in GPT, ALB, and TP have a significant difference among the groups. Also, the results of the analysis of covariance about the measuring elements related to the toxicity index on both groups, RD group and GGTl group, showed no significant difference in the p-values of all of the measuring elements in the two groups, RD and GGTl group. Conclusions: In conclusion, through this experiment, the safety of GGTl has been approved, and although the verification on its medical effect has not been clearly approved, when we consider the fact that it belongs to the same group as reductil, an antiobestic drug approved by the FDA of the United States, we could indirectly verify that GGTl has an antiobestic effect. We believe that when doing a sample design for a future experiment, it needs to be performed on a greater sample size based on the power analysis that needs to be performed primarily in experiments, and a more accurate verification is needed through more systematic experiment plans.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.770-780
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• 2009

녹조류인 Spirulina platensis에서 추출하여 만든 새로운 광감작제와 660 nm의 다이오드 레이저를 이용한 광역학치료의 항암효과와 치료기전을 알아보았다. 세포 독성능은 MTT assay를 이용하였고, 세포사멸기전은 propidium iodide과 Hoechst 33342 염색법과 투과전자현미경으로 확인하였다. 또한 암세포가 이종 이식된 누드마우스 모델에서 광역학치료를 시행하여 항암효과를 확인하였다. 3종류의 클로로필 유도체 중 9-hydroxypheophorbide-a (9-HpbD-a)의 세포 독성능이 가장 우수하였고, 9-HpbD-a의 적정 레이저조사 시간은 30분 (3.2 J/$cm^{2}$), 광감작제를 투여하고 레이저조사시간까지의 배양시간은 최소 6시간 이상임을 확인하였다. 광역학치료의 세포사멸기전은 낮은 9-HpbD-a 농도에서 세포고사가 주된 세포사멸기전이었고, 높은 농도의 9-HpbD-a에서는 세포괴사에 의한 세포사멸이 주된 기전임을 확인하였다. 투과전자현미경 하에서도 같은 양상을 관찰하였다. 그리고 암세포가 이종 이식된 누드마우스 모델에서의 광역학치료는 제1군 정상대조군과 제2군 9-HpbD-a만을 투여한 종양조직모두 지속적인 종양의 성장(100% )을 보였고, 제3군인 레이저만을 종양조직에 조사한 실험군에서는 3 마리는 치료가 되지 않았고(75.0%), 1 마리는 재발(25.0%) 하였다. 제4군 광역학치료군에서 총16 마리의 종양에서 10 마리는 완치(62.5%), 4 마리는 재발(25.0%), 2 마리는 치유되지 않았음(12.5% )을 확인하였다. 9-HpbD-a와 660 nm 다이오드 레이저를 이용한 광역학치료는 유의한 항암효과를 나타내었고 9-HpbD-a를 이용한 광역학치료는 새로운 치료방법으로서 향후 암치료의 유용한 치료방법으로 기대된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.641-649
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 3D 프린팅 기술을 활용하여 제작한 차폐체의 성능을 비교 분석하여, 고에너지 전자선 치료 시 차폐체로서의 적용 가능성에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 고에너지 전자선에 대한 3D 프린팅 재료의 차폐성능 평가를 위해 실측과 몬테카를로 기반의 모의실험을 수행하였다. 첫 번째, 모의실험에 대한 신뢰성 확보를 위해 IAEA의 TRS-398 권고를 참조하여 선원항 평가를 수행하였다. 두 번째, PLA+W (93%) 재료에 대한 차폐 성능 분석을 위해 3D 프린터를 이용하여 시편을 제작하였고, 전자선 에너지에 따른 두께별 차폐율을 평가하였다. 세 번째, PLA+W (93%)와 기존 차폐체 간 차폐 성능 비교 분석을 통해 전자선 치료 시 필요한 차폐 두께를 산정하였다. 연구 결과, 첫 번째, 실측과 모의실험을 통한 선원항 평가 결과, 1% 이내의 오차로 TRS-398 권고를 만족하여 모의실험에 대한 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 두 번째, PLA+W (93%)에 대한 차폐 성능 분석 결과, 6 MeV 전자선은 3.12 mm에서 95% 이상의 차폐율을 나타냈고, 15 MeV 전자선은 10 mm 두께에서 90% 이상의 차폐율을 나타내었다. 세 번째, 모의실험을 통해 PLA+W (93%) 재료와 기존 차폐체 간 비교 분석을 통해 동일 두께 내에서 텅스텐, 납, 구리, PLA+W (93%), 알루미늄 순서로 차폐율이 높은 결과를 나타내었으며, 6 MeV 전자선은 5 mm 이상, 15 MeV 전자선은 10 mm 이상 두께에서 거의 유사한 차폐율을 나타내었다. 향후 본 연구를 통해 고에너지 전자선 치료 시 PLA+W (93%) 재료를 이용한 환자의 맞춤형 차폐체 제작을 위한 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2005

본 연구는 1998년부터 2002년도까지 전국 16개시 도 44개 종합병원에서 근무하고 있는 최근 5년간 방사선사의 개인평균피폭선량을 측정하여 지역별, 연도별, 병원별로 비교 분석 하였고, 방사선 장비 및 시설의 차이에서 발생될 수 있는 근무환경과 촬영건수의 표준화를 통하여 향후 체계적이고 합리적인 방사선사의 피폭선량 관리가 이루어질 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공하는 목적으로 분석하였다. 5년간 방사선사의 지역별 전체평균피폭선량은 1.61 mSv이었고, 지역별로 보면 대구가 4.74 mSv로 가장 높으며 강원이 4.65 mSv, 경기가 2.15 mSv로 높은 순으로 나타났으며, 가장 낮은 지역은 충북이 0.91 mSv이고 다음이 제주 0.94 mSv, 부산이 0.97 mSv 순으로 나타났다. 5년간 연도별 평균선량은 2000년도가 1.80 mSv로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 2002년이 1.77 mSv, 1999년 1.55 mSv, 2001년 1.50 mSv, 1998년이 1.36 mSv 순으로 나타났으며, 연도별, 지역별 평균피폭선량은 2001년도는 대구지역이 1998년, 1999년, 2000년, 2002년은 강원지역이 가장 높게 나타났고, 평균피폭선량이 1.0 mSv 이하로 나타난 지역은 1998년에는 제주, 충북, 울산, 1999년 울산, 경북, 제주, 2000년 충북, 2001년 경북, 전북, 2000년에는 인천, 전북, 제주로 나타났다. 병원별 피폭선량은 대구의 KMH가 가장 높게 나타났고, 다음으로 강원의 GAH, 서울의 CAH 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 피폭선량이 낮은 병원은 전남의 YSH가 가장 낮고, 경남의 GNH, 충남의 DKH 순으로 나타났다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.3-33
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• 1971

Nursing of today has as one of its objectives the solving of problems related to human needs arising from the demands of a rapidly changing society. This nursing objective, I believe, can he attained by the appropriate application of scientific principles in the giving of comprehensive nursing care. Comprehensive nursing care may be defined as nursing care which meets all of the patient's needs. the needs of patients are said to fall into five broad categories: physical needs, psychological needs, environmental needs, socio-economic needs, and teaching needs. Most people who become ill have adjustment problems related to their new situation. Because patient teaching is one of the most important functions of professional nursing, the success of this teaching may be used as a gauge for evaluating comprehensive nursing care. This represents a challenge foe the future. A questionnaire consisting of 67 items was distributed to 200 professional nurses working ill direct patient care at Yonsei University Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. 160 (80,0%) nurses of the total sample returned completed questionnaires 81 (50.6%) nurses were graduates of 3 fear diploma courser 79 (49.4%) nurses were graduates of 4 year collegiate nursing schools in Korea 141 (88,1%) nurses had under 5 years of clinical experience in a medical center, while 19 (11.9%) nurses had more than 5years of clinical experience. Three hypotheses were tested: 1. “Nurses had high levels of concept and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by the use of a statistical method, the mean average. 2. “Nurses graduating from collegiate programs and diploma school programs of nursing show differences in concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by a statistical method, the mean average, although the results showed little difference between the two groups. 3. “Nurses having different amounts of clinical experience showed differences in concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by the use of a statistical method, the mean average. 2. “Nurses graduating from collegiate programs and diploma school programs of nursing show differences in concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by a statistical method, the mean average, although the results showed little difference between the two groups. 3. “Nurses having different amounts of clinical experience showed differences in concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by the use of the T-test. Conclusions of this study are as follow: Before attempting the explanation, of the results, the questionnaire will he explained. The questionnaire contained 67 questions divided into 9 sections. These sections were: concept, content, time, prior preparation, method, purpose, condition, evaluation, and recommendations for patient teaching. 1. The nurse's concept of patient teaching: Most of the nurses had high levels of concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching. Though nursing service was task-centered at the turn of the century, the emphasis today is put on patient-centered nursing. But we find some of the nurses (39.4%) still are task-centered. After, patient teaching, only a few of the nurses (14.4%) checked this as “normal teaching.”It seems therefore that patient teaching is often done unconsciously. Accordingly it would he desirable to have correct concepts and knowledge of teaching taught in schools of nursing. 2. Contents of patient teaching: Most nurses (97.5%) had good information about content of patient teaching. They teach their patients during admission about their diseases, tests, treatments, and before discharge give nurses instruction about simple nursing care, personal hygiene, special diets, rest and sleep, elimination etc. 3. Time of patient teaching: Teaching can be accomplished even if there is no time set aside specifically for it. -a large part of the nurse's teaching can be done while she is giving nursing care. If she believes she has to wait for time free from other activities, she may miss many teaching opportunities. But generally proper time for patient teaching is in the midmorning or midafternoon since one and a half or two hours required. Nurses meet their patients in all stages of health: often tile patient is in a condition in which learning is impossible-pain, mental confusion, debilitation, loss of sensory perception, fear and anxiety-any of these conditions may preclude the possibility of successful teaching. 4. Prior preparation for patient teaching: The teaching aids, nurses use are charts (53.1%), periodicals (23.8%), and books (7.0%) Some of the respondents (28.1%) reported that they had had good preparation for the teaching which they were doing, others (27.5%) reported adequate preparation, and others (43.8%) reported that their preparation for teaching was inadequate. If nurses have advance preparation for normal teaching and are aware of their objectives in teaching patients, they can do effective teaching. 5. Method of patient teaching: The methods of individual patient teaching, the nurses in this study used, were conversation (55.6%) and individual discussion (19.2%) . And the methods of group patient teaching they used were demonstration (42.3%) and lecture (26.2%) They should also he prepared to use pamphlet and simple audio-visual aids for their teaching. 6. Purposes of patient teaching: The purposes of patient teaching is to help the patient recover completely, but the majority of the respondents (40.6%) don't know this. So it is necessary for them to understand correctly the purpose of patient teaching and nursing care. 7. Condition of patient teaching: The majority of respondents (75.0%) reported there were some troubles in teaching uncooperative patients. It would seem that the nurse's leaching would be improved if, in her preparation, she was given a better understanding of the patient and communication skills. The majority of respondents in the total group, felt teaching is their responsibility and they should teach their patient's family as well as the patient. The place for teaching is most often at the patient's bedside (95.6%) but the conference room (3.1%) is also used. It is important that privacy be provided in learning situations with involve personal matters. 8. Evaluation of patient teaching: The majority of respondents (76.3%,) felt leaching is a highly systematic and organized function requiring special preparation in a college or university, they have the idea that teaching is a continuous and ever-present activity of all people throughout their lives. The suggestion mentioned the most frequently for improving preparation was a course in patient teaching included in the basic nursing program. 9. Recommendations: 1) It is recommended, that in clinical nursing, patient teaching be emphasized. 2) It is recommended, that insertive education the concepts and purposes of patient teaching he renewed for all nurses. In addition to this new knowledge, methods and materials which can be applied to patient teaching should be given also. 3) It is recommended, in group patient teaching, we try to embark on team teaching.

• 대한시과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2018

목적 : 대한민국 비정시 군인의 안경 청구 및 보급체계를 분석하고 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 방법 : 국군에서 제공되는 비정시 군인용 안경의 청구 및 보급체계를 조사하고 분석하였다. 비정시 군인 37명을 대상으로 평소 착용하는 일반안경의 굴절력을 기준으로 보급된 파편방호용 및 방독면용 내부 장착안경의 굴절력과 교정시력을 측정하였다. 원거리 교정시력이 1.0 이하인 대상에게 완전교정을 실시하고 교정시력의 변화를 비교하였다. 현 청구 및 보급에 따른 문제점의 개선방안을 제시하고 시력관리 전문 인력의 활용방안을 모색하였다. 결과 : 비정시 군인에게 보급되는 안경은 입대할 때 착용한 안경의 굴절력과 동일하게 복제되었다. 37명의 비정시 군인에게 보급된 일반안경, 파편방호용 및 방독면용 내부 장착 안경의 등가구면굴절력은 각각 $-3.47{\pm}1.69D$, $-3.52{\pm}1.66D$ 및 $-3.55{\pm}1.63D$였으며 완전교정 등가구면굴절력은 $-3.79{\pm}1.66D$로 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 일반안경, 파편방호용 및 방독면용 내부 장착 안경에 의한 원거리 고대비 및 저대비 교정시력(logMAR)은 각각 $0.06{\pm}0.80$, $0.21{\pm}0.82$, $0.15{\pm}0.74$, $0.34{\pm}0.89$ 및 $0.10{\pm}0.70$, $0.22{\pm}0.27$이었으며, 완전교정 후에는 각각 $0.02{\pm}1.05$, $0.10{\pm}0.07$, $0.09{\pm}0.92$, $0.26{\pm}0.10$ 및 $0.04{\pm}1.00$, $0.19{\pm}1.00$으로 증가하였다. 일반안경과 방독면 안경의 저대비 시력을 제외하고 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 안경의 청구, 제작 및 보급은 각각 5 단계로 구성되며, 최초 청구로부터 보급까지 약 2주 이상 소요되는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 비정시 군인의 안경 보급체계는 1) 굴절검사 체계의 결여, 2) 청구부터 보급까지 소요시간이 길고, 3) 보급 안경의 굴절력이 정확하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 개선하기 위해 단기적으로 관리 인력의 굴절력 측정에 대한 전문지식의 교육이 필요하고, 장기적으로 안경처방 표준체계의 도입과 시력관리 전문 인력의 확보가 필요할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-21
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• 1983

For the flexible and rational distribution of limited existing health resources based on measurements of individual risk, the socalled Risk Approach is being proposed by the World Health Organization as a managerial tool in maternal and child health care program. This approach, in principle, puts us under the necessity of developing a technique by which we will be able to measure the degree of risk or to discriminate the future outcomes of pregnancy on the basis of prior information obtainable at prenatal care delivery settings. Numerous recent studies have focussed on the identification of relevant risk factors as the Prior infer mation and on defining the adverse outcomes of pregnancy to be dicriminated, and also have tried on how to develope scoring system of risk factors for the quantitative assessment of the factors as the determinant of pregnancy outcomes. Once the scoring system is established the technique of classifying the patients into with normal and with adverse outcomes will be easily de veloped. The scoring system should be developed to meet the following four basic requirements. 1) Easy to construct 2) Easy to use 3) To be theoretically sound 4) To be valid In searching for a feasible methodology which will meet these requirements, the author has attempted to apply the“Likelihood Method”, one of the well known principles in statistical analysis, to develop such scoring system according to the process as follows. Step 1. Classify the patients into four groups: Group $A_1$: With adverse outcomes on fetal (neonatal) side only. Group $A_2$: With adverse outcomes on maternal side only. Group $A_3$: With adverse outcome on both maternal and fetal (neonatal) sides. Group B: With normal outcomes. Step 2. Construct the marginal tabulation on the distribution of risk factors for each group. Step 3. For the calculation of risk score, take logarithmic transformation of relative proport-ions of the distribution and round them off to integers. Step 4. Test the validity of the score chart. h total of 2, 282 maternity records registered during the period of January 1, 1982-December 31, 1982 at Ewha Womans University Hospital were used for this study and the“Questionnaire for Maternity Record for Prenatal and Intrapartum High Risk Screening”developed by the Korean Institute for Population and Health was used to rearrange the information on the records into an easy analytic form. The findings of the study are summarized as follows. 1) The risk score chart constructed on the basis of“Likelihood Method”ispresented in Table 4 in the main text. 2) From the analysis of the risk score chart it was observed that a total of 24 risk factors could be identified as having significant predicting power for the discrimination of pregnancy outcomes into four groups as defined above. They are: (1) age (2) marital status (3) age at first pregnancy (4) medical insurance (5) number of pregnancies (6) history of Cesarean sections (7). number of living child (8) history of premature infants (9) history of over weighted new born (10) history of congenital anomalies (11) history of multiple pregnancies (12) history of abnormal presentation (13) history of obstetric abnormalities (14) past illness (15) hemoglobin level (16) blood pressure (17) heart status (18) general appearance (19) edema status (20) result of abdominal examination (21) cervix status (22) pelvis status (23) chief complaints (24) Reasons for examination 3) The validity of the score chart turned out to be as follows: a) Sensitivity: Group $A_1$: 0.75 Group $A_2$: 0.78 Group $A_3$: 0.92 All combined : 0.85 b) Specificity : 0.68 4) The diagnosabilities of the“score chart”for a set of hypothetical prevalence of adverse outcomes were calculated as follows (the sensitivity“for all combined”was used). Hypothetidal Prevalence : 5％ 10％ 20％ 30％ 40％ 50％ 60％ Diagnosability : 12% 23% 40% 53% 64% 75% 80%.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2008

목 적 : hMPV는 네델란드에서의 첫 보고 이후 전 세계적으로 발견되며, 호흡기 감염의 주요한 원인 바이러스 중의 하나로 보고되고 있지만 우리나라에서의 보고는 드문 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 우리나라에서 hMPV가 유행하는지 확인하고, 소아에서의 임상 양상에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2005년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 광주기독병원 소아과에 급성 호흡기 증상으로 입원한 환아 1,098명의 인후 도찰물을 채취하여 RT-PCR을 시행 후 hMPV가 검출된 25명의 환아들의 임상 기록지를 후향적으로 검토하여 이들의 임상 증상 및 검사 소견을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 1,098명 중 25명에서 hMPV가 검출되어 검출률은 2.2%이었다. 평균 연령은 2세 3개월(1개월-6세)이었고, 4월에서 6월에 집중적으로 검출되었다. 진단명은 폐렴(60%), 모세기관지염(20%) 순이었고 임상 증상은 기침이 25명(100%), 발열 20명(80%), 콧물 20명(80%) 순이었다. 신체 검진 상 나음이 13명, 천명이 10명에서 청진되었고 인후 발적이 8명, 고막 발적이 2명이었고 흉부 방사선 소견은 폐문 주위 간질 침윤이 10명, 폐 경화가 6명이었다. 4명(16%)에서 천식의 악화 소견을 보였고 hMPV와의 중복 감염은 마이코플라즈마 감염 3명, 보카바이러스 2명, 엔테로바이러스 1명이었다. 결 론 : hMPV는 입원이 요구되는 하부 호흡기 질환의 원인이 되며 2세 미만에서 호발하고 초봄과 여름까지 유행하며 주로 폐렴을 일으키는 바이러스로 천식의 악화와 관련이 있었다. 향후 hMPV 감염증의 진단과 치료 및 예방 대책을 수립하기 위해서는 보다 정확한 임상적, 역학적 조사 등의 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.773-780
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• 2020

4차 산업의 발전으로 의학·보건·바이오 등 여러 과학기술 분야에서는 질병을 예방하고 질병에 대한 피해를 줄이기 위한 연구가 이루어지고 있으며, 최근에는 ICT 기술의 발전과 더불어 인공지능 기술이 급부상하고 그 효용성이 입증되면서 영상의학 검사의 영상 분석에 인공지능 기술이 도입되어 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 흉부 X선 영상을 이용하여 폐렴의 분류와 검출에 대한 딥러닝 모델을 직접 적용해보고 실제로 Inception 계열의 딥러닝 모델이 폐렴 검출에 있어 유용한 모델인지 평가하고자 한다. 실험재료는 캐글(Kaggle)에서 무료로 제공 및 공유하는 흉부 X선 영상 데이터 세트를 사용하였으며 전체 3,470개의 흉부 X선 영상 데이터 중 학습 데이터 세트 1,870개, 검증 데이터 세트 1,100개, 테스트 데이터 세트 500개로 분류하였다. 실험결과 Inception V3 딥러닝 모델의 Metric 평가에 대한 결과값은 정확도는 94.80%, 정밀도는 97.24%, 재현율은 94.00%, F1 스코어는 95.59의 결과값을 나타내었다. 그리고 흉부 X선 영상의 페렴 검출 및 분류에 대하여 Inception V3 딥러닝 모델링에 대한 최종 에포크의 정확도는 학습 모델링의 경우 94.91%, 검증 모델링은 89.68%의 정확도를 나타내었다. 손실함수 값의 평가는 학습 모델링은 1.127%, 검증 모델링은 4.603%의 손실함수 값을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 Inception V3 딥러닝 모델은 흉부영상 데이터의 특징 추출 및 분류에 있어 매우 우수한 딥러닝 모델이며 학습상태 또한 매우 우수하다고 평가하였다. 테스트 모델링에 대한 매트릭스 정확도 평가 결과 정상 흉부 X선 영상 데이터의 경우 96%, 폐렴 흉부 X선 영상데이터의 경우 97%의 정확도가 입증되었다. Inception 계열의 딥러닝 모델의 경우 흉부 질환의 분류에 있어 유용한 딥러닝 모델이 될 것이라고 판단되며 인력의 보조적인 역할 또한 수행할 수 있을 것이라고 기대되어 부족한 의료인력 문제에도 해결점이 될 것이라고 사료된다. 향후 딥러닝을 이용한 폐렴의 진단에 대한 유사 연구 시 본 연구는 유사 연구의 기초자료로 제시될 것이라고 기대된다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2014

Objectives Previous studies suggest that the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene could be an important candidate gene for schizophrenia. According to linkage studies, this gene is located on chromosome 6q14-q15, which is known to harbor the schizophrenia susceptibility locus (locus 5, SCZ5, OMIM 803175). The pharmacological agent delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (${\Delta}$-9-THC) seems to elicit the symptoms of schizophrenia. The association between CNR1 polymorphisms and schizophrenia is actively being investigated, and some studies have linked the AAT-trinucleotide repeats in CNR1 to the onset of schizophrenia. In this study, we have investigated the association between the AAT-trinucleotide repeats in CNR1 and schizophrenia by studying schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals from Korea. Methods DNA was extracted from the blood samples of 394 control subjects and 337 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition criteria). After polymerase chain reaction amplification, a logistic regression analysis, with age and gender as the covariates, was performed to study the variations in the AAT-repeat polymorphisms between the two groups. Results In total, 8 types of trinucleotide repeats were identified, each containing 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 repeats, respectively. $(AAT)_{13}$ allele was most frequently observed, with a frequency of 33.6% and 31.6% in the patient and control groups, respectively. The frequency of the other repeat alleles in the patient group (in the decreasing order) was as follows : $(AAT)_{13}$ 33.6%, $(AAT)_{14}$ 21.6%, $(AAT)_{12}$ 18.5%, and $(AAT)_{7}$ 11.1%. The frequency of the repeat alleles in the control group (in the decreasing order) was as follows : $(AAT)_{13}$ 31.6%, $(AAT)_{14}$ 24.5%, $(AAT)_{12}$ 17.2%, and $(AAT)_{7}$ 11.6%. However, there were no significant differences in the AAT-repeat polymorphisms of the CNR1 gene between the patient group and the control group. Conclusions Although our study revealed no significant association of the AAT-repeat polymorphism of the CNR1 gene with schizophrenia, it will serve as a good reference for future studies designed to examine the cannabinoid hypothesis of schizophrenia.