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A Study on Indoor Radon Concentration among Vulnerable Households in Korea (국내 라돈 취약가구에 대한 주거공간의 실내 라돈 농도에 관한 연구)

  • Zoo, Duck Hyun;Park, Ki Ho;Jeong, Hui Won;Lim, Hyeong Jun;Bok, Dong Seok;Yun, Dong Won;Min, Kyung Hwan;Mun, Kyung Deok;Kim, Jeong Un;Lee, Ji Min;Choi, Won Yong;Kim, Sung Yoon
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.61-70
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: The purpose of this research was to examine radon exposure in terms of the relationship between the living environment and indoor radon concentrations among vulnerable households. Methods: Nationwide, 1,129 subjects were selected using personal questionnaires for adequately understanding the living environment, installation of E-PERM radon gas detectors, and investigation of the structure of the housing. Results: The mean concentration of indoor radon for all subjects was $130.2Bq/m^3$ (GM=101.7), and a total of 438 subjects (38.8%) exceeded the recommended standards ($148Bq/m^3$) for public facilities by the Ministry of the Environment. By location, the highest concentrations ($164.3Bq/m^3$, GM=124.1) were seen in North Chungcheong Province. In the case of the Seoul/Gyeonggi Province metropolitan area, they showed $125.6Bq/m^3$ (GM=105.1) and $118.9Bq/m^3$ (GM=96.5), respectively. By type of housing, indoor radon concentrations in single-family housing were higher than in row/multi-family housing (p<0.01). Although indoor radon concentrations raised in accordance with year of construction (p<0.05), the difference between indoor radon concentrations in underground residences was not observed to be statistically significant (p=0.633). Conclusion: More studies are necessary in the future regarding the difference in indoor radon concentrations that may occur due to different of types of indoor construction, building materials, and the amount of building materials.

Numerical Evaluation of Debris Transport During LOCA Blow-Down Phase of OPR1000 Nuclear Power Plant (CFD 를 이용한 OPR1000 원자력발전소 파단방출이동에 대한 수치해석적 평가)

  • Choi, Kyung-Sik;Park, Jong-Pil;Jeong, Ji-Hwan;Kim, Won-Tae
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.255-262
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    • 2011
  • In a loss-of-coolantaccident, considerable debris may be generated and transported to the recirculation sump. The accumulation of debris will reduce the netpositivesuctionhead and threaten the safety of thenuclear power plant. Both NEI 04-07 and USNRC SER suggesteda CFD methodology. However, additional investigation is needed to consider the unique characteristics of nuclear power plants. The transport of the generated debris is strongly influenced by the break location and the plant characteristics, including the configuration.In this paper, a CFD methodology for blow-down transport evaluation is proposed and applied to an OPR1000 nuclear power plant. The results show that the percentage of small debris transported to the upper containment is 32%, which is 7% larger than the valuegiven in the NEI 04-07 baseline analysis. This result may be used as a point of reference in future analytical studies.

A Study on the Application of Potential Exposed Population for a Receptor-oriented Health Impact Assessment (수용체 지향의 건강영향평가를 위한 잠재노출 인구수의 산정·활용 가능성 연구)

  • Ha, Jongsik
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.194-202
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    • 2018
  • Health impact assessment in South Korea is carried out within the framework of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). And, public health and hygiene items in EIA as an evaluation of health impact items were designed to calculate the emission level of hazardous air pollutants from specific development projects, and the exposure concentration at major sites, and to assess the health risk associated with these projects. But, the assessment of the receptor characteristics around the development project is limitedly considered. The purpose of this study is to propose the method of calculation of potential exposed population and the use of it for public health and hygiene items in EIA. The data for the calculation of potential exposed population in South Korea were identified. And the calculation algorithm based on them was proposed. After that, in a development of industrial complex, a case analysis was carried out assuming the release of hazardous air pollutants. This study suggested that the concept of population risk should be applied in risk assessment utilizing the potential exposed population and as a future study, a standard of assessment of health effects for population risk should be established. Finally, the possibility of using this study as a location-limiting tool for the development project was presented through the method of calculating the potential exposed population. It is meaningful that this study presented a method for performing risk assessment from the perspective of receptors around a development project.

LIS Employment Prospects: LIS Students' Perspective (문헌정보학과 재학생의 취업전망에 대한 인식조사 연구)

  • Noh, Younghee;Ahn, In-Ja;Lee, Jongmoon;Oh, Se-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.143-167
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    • 2013
  • The power of human capital in a library is the main resource that determines the level of library services, which in turn should play a pivotal role in forming the intellectual power of the country. This research conducted a survey on the employment perspectives of LIS undergraduates, which resulted as follows. First, among the LIS undergraduates, 40% of students responded that their desire was to be employed in the library as librarians. Although there were some negative opinions regarding the working environment of the industry, the undergraduates appreciated the developmental possibilities. Second, the most desired task was working with cultural programs. Third, the respondents were satisfied with the current curriculum overall, acknowledging the extra need for job search support programs, which include career support, employment-related mentoring, and internships. Fourth, the main requirements for their future employability were perceived as grade point average, language skills, obtaining licenses, internship and apprenticeship experience, and career management. Fifth, influential factors on employment decision making were divided into two aspects: environmental and personal factors. The environmental factors included salary, welfare, opportunities in personal development, workplace environment, organizational culture, and development possibilities of the organization. The personal factors included fitness with personal aptitude, the level of knowledge and technology in the job industry, social norms and acknowledgement, rewarding opportunities with their major, and location of job.

Enhanced SBAS Integration Method Using Combination of Multiple SBAS Corrections

  • Yun, Ho;Kim, Do-Yoon;Jeon, Sang-Hoon;Park, Bynng-Woon;Kee, Chang-Don
    • International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.75-82
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    • 2009
  • In this parer, we propose a new way of improving DGNSS service using combination of multiple SBAS information. Because SBAS uses Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, it has very large coverage but it can be unavailable in urban canyon because of visibility problem. R. Chen solved this problem by creating Virtual Reference Stations (VRS) using the SBAS signal [1]. VRS converts SBAS signal to RTCM signals corresponding its location, and broadcast the converted RTCM signals over the wireless internet. This method can solve the visibility problem cost effectively. Furthermore it can solve DGNSS coverage problem by creating just a transmitter instead of a reference station. Developing above method, this paper proposes the methods that integrate two or more SEAS signals into one RTCM signal and broadcast it. In Korea, MSAS signal is available even though it is not officially certified for Korean users. As a Korean own SBAS-like system, there is the internet-based KWTB (Korean WADGPS Test Bed) which we developed and released at ION GNSS 2006. As a result, virtually two different SBAS corrections are available in Korea. In this paper, we propose the integration methods for these two independent SBAS corrections and present the test results using the actual measurements from the two systems. We present the detailed algorithm for these two methods and analyze the features and performances of them. To verify the proposed methods, we conduct the experiment using the logged SBAS corrections from the two systems and the RINEX data logged at Dokdo monitoring station in Korea. The preliminary test results showed the improved performance compared to the results from two independent systems, which shows the potential of our proposed methods. In the future, the newly developed SBASs will be available and the places which can access the multiple SBAS signals will increase. At that time, the integration or combination methods of two or more SBASs will become more important. Our proposed methods can be one of the useful solutions for that. As an additional research, we need to extend this research to the system level integration such as the concept of the decentralized W ADGPS.

Monitoring of the Estuary Sand Bar Related with Tidal Inlet in Namdaecheon Stream using Landsat Imagery (Landsat 위성 영상을 활용한 강원도 양양군 남대천 연안 하구사주 갯터짐 환경 모니터링)

  • Jang, Jiwon;Eom, Jinah;Cheong, Daekyo;Lee, Changwook
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.33 no.5_1
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    • pp.481-493
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    • 2017
  • Estuary sand bar of Namdaecheon Stream is located in Yangyang-gun, Gangwon-do in Korea. This unique place is situated between end of Namdaecheon Stream and East Sea. It is an important environment area of the global ecosystem from the transition zone of land and marine environments by forming a variety of coastal circumstance. Some endemic species should be protected which is appearing in the Namdaecheon Stream because of preservation for future generations. Especially, the salmon return to this stream as adults in order to breed which is more than 70 % of the salmon in Korea peninsular. The monitoring of estuary sand bar is need to analyze ecological environment and sustainable development with time. First of all we represents a different shape of estuary sand bar of Namdaecheon Stream from 1984 to 2015 using Landsat satellite imagery series. Particularly movement of the "tidal inlet" is most important factor to investigate the condition of the change for estuary sand bar. The location of tidal inlet is compared with precipitation, height of tide and oceanic current data according to time variation.

Numerical Analysis of Flow Pattern by Outflow Gates with Manifold Channel (다기수로를 가진 수중 유출구에 의한 유동패턴에 관한 수치해석)

  • Kim, Nam-Hyeong;Lee, Chang-Lym;Ku, Bon-Soo;Song, Man-Soon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.43-49
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    • 2011
  • For the improvement of water quality in a harbor, several studies have been carried out on SEB (Seawater Exchange Breakwater) in recent years, but a problem has been shown whereby the water on the inside area far from the SEB cannot be easily exchanged. In order to solve the problem of the SEB, the Manifold channel, a new concept of the SEB, is introduced in this paper. By using the manifold channel, it is possible to exchange the water of the inside area for seawater from the outside. Here, to assess the outflow gates of the manifold channel governing flow behavior, a virtual manifold channel controlled the location, width and direction of outflow gates applied to the Jumunjin fishery port, where the SEB has been established. In addition, the desirable flow pattern of the port by utilizing the two layer current model is identified, and five general cases of the manifold channel are described in this paper. The model is verified by comparing with observation of the SEB model, and the results are in general agreement. From the results of the manifold channel, in the case of the Jumunjin fishery port, the small circulation of counter clockwise is necessary for the water exchange on the inside area, but it should be controlled by the outflow gates for other areas. Using the two layer current model, the desirable flow pattern of the port can be predicted, and the water exchange for the upper and lower layer can be examined. For the practical use of the manifold channel, further studies on the manifold channel will be necessary, and it may then be used broadly for the design of breakwater in the future.

A Case Study on Health Impact Assessment from Incinerator Operation in New Towns - Human Risk Assessment due to Heavy Metals Inhalation - (신도시 내 소각로 운영에 대한 건강영향평가 사례 연구 - 중금속 흡입에 따른 인체 위해도 평가 -)

  • Myung, Nho-Il;Lee, Young-Soo;Shin, Dae-Yewn
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.271-279
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    • 2010
  • We conducted a quantitative human health risk assessment with respect to inhalation of heavy metals for residents of housing developments in "new towns" where an incinerator will be operated within the area scheduled for construction thereof. To assess potential human health risk we calculated the amount of heavy metals emitted from the incinerator, and then forecasted the potential health impact on adjoining areas where new housing is to be developed (i.e. "new towns") at different altitudes by a using SCREEN-3 model. We assessed Cancer Risk (CR) caused by known carcinogens using the Inhalation Unit Risk criteria developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Notably, we assessed risk by determining concentrations of heavy metals on a floor by floor basis, as apartment buildings are to be constructed near the incinerator according to a pre-devised plan. Results indicated that cancer risk for most carcinogens exceeded US EPA standards for the highest locations at each collection point. This result indicates that construction of high buildings in areas adjoining incinerators is undesirable, and that measures to lower carcinogens are needed. The results of this study, which assessed health risk from exposure to heavy metals emitted from a nearby incinerator, can be useful in land use planning with respect to the location of housing developments in new towns, as well as the heights of any buildings constructed. Furthermore, the methodology deployed herein with respect to risk assessment can be helpful for policy makers and the general public in the event of conflicts regarding incinerator projects in the future. The results herein may also be of merit in determining priorities when establishing harm reduction measures for carcinogens at incinerators. However, the study does contain several limitations. The SCREEN-3 model, a kind of screening model that provides conservative results, can provide higher forecasted concentrations of air pollutants than other models. Moreover, although the incinerator in question is set to be a thermoselect type, domestic data for emissions from these incinerators is not available, and assumptions were based on a stoker type incinerator. Insufficient domestic data likewise compelled the use of data of USA, resulting in possible errors in results. Continued research will thus be required to develop systematic methodologies that address the foregoing factors and produce more reliable outcomes.

Perceptions of Residents and Visitors of the Policy for Special Protected Areas in Korean National Parks - A Case Study of the Nature Restoration Period in Chilsun Valley of Jirisan National Park - (국립공원 특별보호구 정책에 대한 지역주민과 탐방객의 인식에 관한 연구 - 지리산국립공원 칠선계곡 자연휴식년제를 중심으로 -)

  • Yoo, Ki-Joon;Kim, Jeong-Min;Cho, Woo
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.585-593
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    • 2009
  • This study is a survey on the general perceptions of the residents and visitors regarding the Nature Restoration Period in Chilsun Valley in Jirisan National park, and it was designed to establish systematic park management plan for the Special Protected Areas in Korean National Parks. This survey was conducted on the residents of five towns including Chuseong-ri, Gwangjum-dong, Uijung-ri, Uitan-ri and Uipyeong-ri, as well as visitors to Chilsun Valley by using convenience sampling. The result showed that those individuals or groups who responded to the survey were all positive about preservatory effect of Nature Restoration Period in the valley; however they also showed major perceptional differences as to the ways in which the nature restoration period managed. They also disagreed among themselves on the assessment of the extent of damage that could be generated due to the restoration, the appropriateness of the Nature Restoration Period as a management policy and maintenance of the policy in the future. The appropriateness as a policy and the extent of damage due to the Nature Restoration Period particularly showed some serious perceptional differences among five resident groups based on the location of their towns. To minimize current conflict and achieve the goal of Nature Restoration Period, the park management authorities need to communicate more actively with the stakeholders of the local community and NGOs, and secure their support and cooperation by accommodating their ideas and opinions to build a strategic partnership.

A Study on Performance Comparison of Multipurpose Function Electronic Measurement Reference Station Prototype System using LED and Gyro Sensor (LED 및 자이로센서를 이용한 다기능 전자측량기준점 프로토타입 시스템의 성능비교에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Sung-Kyun;Jung, Se-Hoon;Park, Dong-Gook;Sim, Chun-Bo
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.8 no.8
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    • pp.1247-1255
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, We proposes multipurpose function electronic measurement reference station prototype system based on LED and Gyro Sensor. This system have developed to possible with real time data collection and landscape illumination and surrounding diastrophism monitoring for that analyze problems of existing planted reference station. Hardware for the proposed system consists of a gyro sensor module to detect diastrophism, GPS module to process location information, environment sensor module to process surrounding environmental data and CDMA wireless data communication to send the collected data to server. In addition, this paper intends to enhance system management and future usability in a way that applies LED, QR-code, RFID and Solar cell module to outer side of electronic measurement reference station to improve usability of H/W for electronic measurement reference station. Lastly, this paper conducted current amount evaluation to supply stabilized electricity with its various functions in the proposed multipurpose function electronic measurement reference station and it's proved that this system can be stably operated with its electricity loss factor of 2.29% loss factor. And this paper conducted a qualitative comparison with existing electronic measurement reference station system in order to evaluate superiority of the proposed electronic measurement reference station.