• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.212-216
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• 2005

This paper describes the application scheme of resistive HTS-FCL(High Temperature Superconducting-Fault Current Limiter) on future new distribution system. Future new distribution system means the power system to which applies the 22.9kV HTS cable with low-voltage and mass-capacity characteristics replacing the 154kv conventional cable in addition to HTS transformer and HTS-FCL. The fault current of future new distribution system will increase greatly because of the inherent characteristics of HTS transformer/cable and applications of distributed generations and spot networks and so on. This means that the HTS-FCL is necessary to reduce the fault current below the breaking capacity. This paper studies the appropriate location, parameters and the influences of HTS-FCL on future new distribution system. Finally, this paper suggests the reasonable basic parameters of resistive HTS-FCL for future KEPCO new distribution system.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.91-111
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• 2005

As the environments of world economy have been changed so rapidly, the conditions of marketing and distribution also have been altered. In korea distribution industry has been changed according to the introduction of various patterns of distribution and marketing. Among them the emerging of network marketing, same meaning with multi-level marketing in this research, is a important phenomenon of distribution industry in Korea. Not only it contributes the progress of national economy, especially distribution industry, but also it includes some limitations and criticism from the dissenters. In this paper, the clear definitions and characteristics of network marketing are suggested. And the current situations of network marketing in this country has been analyzed and compared, The future perspectives and problems of this network marketing have been diagnosed and classified for the future development and contribution for national economy. The various alternatives for the future development of network marketing have been studied and suggested in terms of each role of this industry such as distributers, consumers and government. Though this paper has a small contribution, it contains many limitations for research. Therefore it suggest future directions for further research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.24 no.6_2
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• pp.849-860
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• 2021

Recently, it is easy to find cases of 3D printing product, equipment, and materials in the architecture field. However, there is a lack of distribution environment where 3D printing products can be traded on an online platform or to access on-demand services in the architecture field. Therefore, in this study, a distribution platform development plan was proposed in consideration of the maturity level of the 3D printing distribution market in the domestic architecture field. For this purpose, the research was carried out as follows. First, by analyzing the case of the 3D printing distribution platform, the development stage of the distribution platform was set as three stages from the perspective of market maturity, platform development level, and sales/purchase experience level of suppliers and consumers. Second, the market maturity of the current domestic architecture field was evaluated as the first stage, and a distribution platform that could be implemented in the first stage was presented as a pilot. Third, we presented the first stage pilot, collected practical opinions on future construction plans through in-depth interviews, and presented detailed implementation plans for each stage necessary to achieve the second and third stage market maturity goals. Based on the roadmap derived from this study, it is expected that the domestic distribution platform market will grow step by step in the future and be utilized for business model development.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 2016

Despite the exponential throughput improvement in mobile communications systems, their ability to satisfy requirements of state-of-the-art and future applications of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is still under investigation. Challenges are mainly due to the inadequacy of third generation partnership project (3GPP) networks to support large amounts of devices simultaneously, while the number of AMI end-devices and the frequency of their data transmission increase with new AMI-based applications. In this introductory survey, innovative and future AMI applications and their communication requirements are first reviewed. Then, we identify challenges of 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) in enabling future AMI applications. More importantly, the latest improvements to LTE-A standard release 12 and 13 are reviewed and analyzed with regards to their potential to improve the quality of LTE-enabled AMI. It is found that 3GPP enhancements on machine type communications (MTC) standards will significantly enhance AMI communications. Beyond MTC specifications, non-MTC-specific enhancements such as carrier aggregation and multi-connectivity for user equipment will also contribute greatly to improving reliability and availability of AMI devices. The paper's focus is towards improved backhaul support for innovative and future AMI applications, beyond traditional automatic meter reading.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.183-185
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• 2000

A proactive approach on environmental issues may be one of critical competitive factors for global business in near future. Especially, distribution systems are very related to the various environmental issues, including development of green products and packaging, selection of the transportation vehicles and pallets, design of retail stores and distribution facilities, participation for solving the local environmental problems, and so on. In order to approach the environmental issues on distribution systems, for the first time managers need to understand the strategic framework for green management and then, to find the key success factors of leading companies in this field. Finally, future directions of strategic green management on distribution systems are discussed and shared.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.96-109
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• 2024

Background: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government initiated the Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project including regeneration and afforestation approaches. An effort was made to assess the distribution characteristics of afforested species under present and future climatic scenarios using ecological niche modelling. For sustainable forest management, landscape ecology can play a significant role. A significant change in the potential distribution of tree species is expected globally with changing climate. Ecological niche modeling provides the valuable information about the current and future distribution of species that can play crucial role in deciding the potential sites for afforestation which can be used by government institutes for afforestation programs. In this context, the potential distribution of 8 tree species, Cedrus deodara, Dalbergia sissoo, Juglans regia, Pinus wallichiana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Senegalia modesta, Populus ciliata, and Vachellia nilotica was modeled. Results: Maxent species distribution model was used to predict current and future distribution of tree species using bioclimatic variables along with soil type and elevation. Future climate scenarios, shared socio-economic pathways (SSP)2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 were considered for the years 2041-2060 and 2081-2100. The model predicted high risk of decreasing potential distribution under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 climate change scenarios for years 2041-2060 and 2081-2100, respectively. Recent afforestation conservation sites of these 8 tree species do not fall within their predicted potential habitat for SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios. Conclusions: Each tree species responded independently in terms of its potential habitat to future climatic conditions. Cedrus deodara and P. ciliata are predicted to migrate to higher altitude towards north in present and future climate scenarios. Habitat of D. sissoo, P. wallichiana, J. regia, and V. nilotica is practiced to be declined in future climate scenarios. Eucalyptus camaldulensis is expected to be expanded its suitability area in future with eastward shift. Senegalia modesta habitat increased in the middle of the century but decreased afterwards in later half of the century. The changing and shifting forests create challenges for sustainable landscapes. Therefore, the study is an attempt to provide management tools for monitoring the climate change-driven shifting of forest landscapes.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.427-437
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• 2019

Background: Climate change is believed to be continuously affecting ticks by influencing their habitat suitability. However, we attempted to model the climate change-induced impacts on future genus Rhipicephalus distribution considering the major environmental factors that would influence the tick. Therefore, 50 tick occuance points were taken to model the potential distribution using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) software and 19 climatic variables, taking into account the ability for future climatic change under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5, were used. Results: MaxEnt model performance was tested and found with the AUC value of 0.99 which indicates excellent goodness-of-fit and predictive accuracy. Current models predict increased temperatures, both in the mid and end terms together with possible changes of other climatic factors like precipitation which may lead to higher tick-borne disease risks associated with expansion of the range of the targeted tick distribution. Distribution maps were constructed for the current, 2050, and 2070 for the two greenhouse gas scenarios and the most dramatic scenario; RCP 8.5 produced the highest increase probable distribution range. Conclusions: The future potential distribution of the genus Rhipicephalus show potential expansion to the new areas due to the future climatic suitability increase. These results indicate that the genus population of the targeted tick could emerge in areas in which they are currently lacking; increased incidence of tick-borne diseases poses further risk which can affect cattle production and productivity, thereby affecting the livelihood of smallholding farmers. Therefore, it is recommended to implement climate change adaptation practices to minimize the impacts.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2020

Coastal regions are experiencing habitat changes due to coastal development and global warming. To estimate the future distribution of coastal plants on the Korean Peninsula due to climate change, the potential distribution of ten species of coastal plants was analyzed using the MaxEnt program. The study covered the eastern, western, and southern coastal areas of the Korean Peninsula. We used the distributional data of coastal plants of the East Asian region and the 19 climate variables of WorldClim 2.0. The future potential distribution was estimated using future climate variables projected from three general circulation models (CCSM4, MIROC-ESM, and MPI-ESM-LR), four representative concentration pathways (2.5, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5), and two time periods (2050 and 2070). The annual mean temperature influenced the estimation of the potential distribution the most. Under predicted future distribution scenarios, Lathyrus japonicus, Glehnia littoralis, Calystegia soldanella, Vitex rotundifolia, Scutellaria strigillosa, Linaria japonica, and Ixeris repens are expected to show contracted distributions, whereas the distribution of Cnidium japonicum is expected to expand. Two species, Salsola komarovii and Carex kobomugi, are predicted to show similar distributions in the future compared to those in the present. The average potential distribution in the future suggests that the effects of climate change will be greater in the west and the south coastal regions than in the east coastal region. These results will be useful baseline data to establish a conservation strategy for coastal plants.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.105-117
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• 2012

Future climate according to land-use change was simulated by regional climate model. The goal of study was to predict the distribution of meteorological elements using the Weather Research & Forecasting Model (WRF). The KME (Korea Ministry of Environment) medium-category land-use classification was used as dominant vegetation types. Meteorological modeling requires higher and more sophisticated land-use and initialization data. The WRF model simulations with HyTAG land-use indicated certain change in potential vegetation distribution in the future (2086-2088). Compared to the past (1986-1988) distribution, coniferous forest area was decreased in metropolitan and areas with complex terrain. The research shows a possibility to simulate regional climate with high resolution. As a result, the future climate was predicted to $4.5^{\circ}$ which was $0.5^{\circ}$ higher than prediction by Meteorological Administration. To improve future prediction of regional area, regional climate model with HyTAG as well as high resolution initial values such as urban growth and CO2 flux simulation would be desirable.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.474-481
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• 2013

It is anticipated that AC distribution system can be replaced by DC distribution system in the near future because of the operation of various distributed source or microgrid system. However DC distribution system replacing 22.9kV AC distribution line is not sufficiently studied still. This paper describes lightning overvoltage analysis among many research fields should be studied to realize DC overhead distribution systems. DC distribution system is modeled using EMTP and overvoltage is analyzed according to interval of arrestor location, earth interval of overhead grounding wire and grounding resistance. It is evaluated that analysis results can be effectively used to design of future DC distribution system.