• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1100-1118
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• 2021

In a wide range of ML applications, the training data contains privacy-sensitive information that should be kept secure. Training the ML systems by privacy-sensitive data makes the ML model inherent to the data. As the structure of the model has been fine-tuned by training data, the model can be abused for accessing the data by the estimation in a reverse process called model inversion attack (MIA). Although, MIA has been applied to shallow neural network models of recognizers in literature and its threat in privacy violation has been approved, in the case of a deep learning (DL) model, its efficiency was under question. It was due to the complexity of a DL model structure, big number of DL model parameters, the huge size of training data, big number of registered users to a DL model and thereof big number of class labels. This research work first analyses the possibility of MIA on a deep learning model of a recognition system, namely a face recognizer. Second, despite the conventional MIA under the white box scenario of having partial access to the users' non-sensitive information in addition to the model structure, the MIA is implemented on a deep face recognition system by just having the model structure and parameters but not any user information. In this aspect, it is under a semi-white box scenario or in other words a gray-box scenario. The experimental results in targeting five registered users of a CNN-based face recognition system approve the possibility of regeneration of users' face images even for a deep model by MIA under a gray box scenario. Although, for some images the evaluation recognition score is low and the generated images are not easily recognizable, but for some other images the score is high and facial features of the targeted identities are observable. The objective and subjective evaluations demonstrate that privacy cyber-attack by MIA on a deep recognition system not only is feasible but also is a serious threat with increasing alert state in the future as there is considerable potential for integration more advanced ML techniques to MIA.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.25-40
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• 2022

This study aimed to understand the increasing number of elder abuses in South Korea, where entry into the super-aged society is imminent, by implementing text mining analysis. Korean Academic journals were obtained from 2004, the establishment year of the senior care agency, to 2021. We performed natural language processing of the titles, keywords, and abstracts and divided them into three segments of periods to identify latent meanings in the data. The results illustrated that the first section included 81 papers, the second 64, and the third 104 respectively, averaging 13.8 annually, which increased its numbers from 2014 until the decrease below the annual average in 2020. Word frequency demonstrated that the common keywords of the entire segments were 'elder abuse,' 'elders,' 'influences,' 'factors,' 'recognition,' 'family,' 'society,' 'prevention plans,' 'experiences,' 'abused elders,' 'abuse prevention,' 'depression,' etc., in consecutive order. TF-IDF indicated that 'influences,' 'recognition,' 'society,' 'prevention plans,' 'abuse prevention,' 'experiences,' 'depression,' etc., were the common keywords of all divisions. Network text analysis displayed that the commonly represented keywords were 'elder abuse,' 'elders,' 'influences,' 'factors,' 'characteristics,' 'recognition,' 'family,' 'prevention plans,' 'society,' 'abuse prevention,' and 'experiences' in the entire sections. concor analysis presented that the first segment consisted of 5 groups, the second 7, and the third 6. We suggest future directions for elder abuse research based on the results.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.59-69
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• 2022

For effective battlefield situation awareness and command resolution, information exchange without seams between systems is essential. However, since each system was developed independently for its own purposes, it is necessary to ensure interoperability between systems in order to effectively exchange information. In the case of our military, semantic interoperability is guaranteed by utilizing the common message format for data exchange. However, simply standardizing the data exchange format cannot sufficiently guarantee interoperability between systems. Currently, the U.S. and NATO are developing and utilizing information exchange models to achieve semantic interoperability further than guaranteeing a data exchange format. The information exchange models are the common vocabulary or reference model,which are used to ensure the exchange of information between systems at the content-meaning level. The information exchange models developed and utilized in the United States initially focused on exchanging information directly related to the battlefield situation, but it has developed into the universal form that can be used by whole government departments and related organizations. On the other hand, NATO focused on strictly expressing the concepts necessary to carry out joint military operations among the countries, and the scope of the models was also limited to the concepts related to command and control. In this paper, the background, purpose, and characteristics of the information exchange models developed and used in the United States and NATO were identified, and comparative analysis was performed. Through this, we intend to present implications when developing a Korean information exchange model in the future.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.79-86
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the research trends on the civic participation in a smart city and to present implications to policy makers, industry professionals and researchers. As rapid urbanization is defining development trend of modern city, urban problems such as transportation, environment, and energy are spreading and intensifying around the city. Countries around the world are introducing smart cities to solve these urban problems and to achieve sustainable development. Recently, many countries are modifying urban planning from top-down to down-up by actively engaging citizens to participate in the urban construction process directly and indirectly. Although the construction of smart cities is being promoted in Korea to solve urban problems, awareness of smart cities and civic participation are low. In order to overcome this situation, discussions on ideas and methods that can increase civic participation in smart cities are continuously being conducted. Therefore, in this study, by collecting publication containing both 'Smart Cities' and 'Participation (Engagement)' in Scopus DB, the topics of related studies were categorized and research trends were analyzed using topic modeling. Through this study, it is expected that it can be used as evidence to understand the direction of civic participation research in smart cities and to present the direction of related research in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.491-496
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• 2021

In line with the modern era in which the safety of underground facilities and the use of underground information are increasingly emphasized, the state is pushing for more precise and accurate underground spatial information to be secured and utilized. Therefore, we need to pay more attention to subsurface geospatial data. In the future, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport will actively utilize the 15 types of Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map(6 types of underground facilities, 6 types of underground structures, 3 types of ground) that the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is building as three-dimensional underground spatial information, and contribute greatly to improving national safety and convenience in underground construction. expected to do However, when a site manager requests an Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map with a mobile device, if the large-capacity integrated underground space map is not quickly transmitted over the wireless section and is not serviced, it causes inconvenience to the site manager and delays work. In this paper, the goal of this paper is to enable field managers to quickly receive a tiled Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map with minimal information exchange. Therefore, the tiling system is configured according to the dataset for high-speed Mobile Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map transmission. In addition, a transmission system for the Mobile Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map is established, and a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)-based spatial information tiling transmission protocol dedicated to the on-site Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map is developed.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.141-150
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• 2021

Based on Artificial Intelligence technology, AI-enabled warfare is expected to become the main issue in the future warfare. Natural language processing technology is a core technology of AI technology, and it can significantly contribute to reducing the information burden of underrstanidng reports, information objects and intelligences written in natural language by commanders and staff. In this paper, we propose a Language model-based Multi-source Information Integration (LAMII) framework to reduce the information overload of commanders and support rapid decision-making. The proposed LAMII framework consists of the key steps of representation learning based on language models in self-supervsied way and document integration using autoencoders. In the first step, representation learning that can identify the similar relationship between two heterogeneous sentences is performed using the self-supervised learning technique. In the second step, using the learned model, documents that implies similar contents or topics from multiple sources are found and integrated. At this time, the autoencoder is used to measure the information redundancy of the sentences in order to remove the duplicate sentences. In order to prove the superiority of this paper, we conducted comparison experiments using the language models and the benchmark sets used to evaluate their performance. As a result of the experiment, it was demonstrated that the proposed LAMII framework can effectively predict the similar relationship between heterogeneous sentence compared to other language models.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.153-161
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• 2022

The current National Curriculum clearly states that students should utilize digital information as a core competency. With ICT-based non-face-to-face learning has become commonplace, that ability has become as basic and essential as the competency to read and write in traditional education. Therefore, this work analyzed the characteristics of ICT utilization learning in the social studies curriculum of elementary school to cultivate basic abilities and skills for learners' future, and these discussed from the perspective of digital literacy. The results are as follows. First, the ICT utilization learning could be found in most units for the subject, but most of them were just the searching material and the watching video. Second, when approached from the perspective of digital literacy, the main activities were the 'access' in the lowest level. Third, the higher levels such as 'understand' and 'create' were few activities. This result gave the task of reflecting on the ICT education so far. Rather than just focusing on increasing the frequency of the ICT using, it is necessary to improve the quality of students' activities in ICT learning for progressing digital literacy. For the students' skills of utilizing digital information could be developed differently depending on the type of ICT learning activity.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to establish a foundation for IoT-related industries to secure financial soundness and to dominate the global market after COVID-19. Through this study, the quantitative management status of IoT-related companies was checked. It also was attempted to preemptively prepare for corporate insolvency by examining the relationship between financial ratios in accordance with stock price fluctuations and designation of management items. This study selected 502 companies that were listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ in the stock market from 2019 to 2020. For statistical analysis, multiple regression analysis, difference analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed. The research results are as follows. First, it was found that the impact of IoT company accounting information on stock prices differs depending on before and after COVID-19. Second, it was found that there is a difference in the closing stock prices of IoT companies before and after COVID-19. Third, it was found that financial ratios according to stock price fluctuations exist differently after COVID-19. Fourth, it was found that the financial ratios according to the designation of management items after COVID-19 exist differently. Through these studies, some suggestions were made to secure the financial soundness of IoT companies and to lay the groundwork for leaping into the global market after COVID-19. Through the results of this study, it is expected that it will lead the growth of IoT companies and contribute to growth as a decacorn company of the future that can guarantee financial soundness in the changing financial market.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2022

In line with the trend of the 4th Industrial Revolution, we tried to study the scalability of the craft sector in the art field in the wake of the convergence of new fields through the combination of different fields. To this end, a craft case using 3D printing technology was analyzed based on the theoretical background of the definition and value of digital craft. As a result of the study, craft works using 3D printing technology could be divided into four forms according to the fusion expression method. First, the mixed type was most characterized by harmonious production without significantly deviating from the traditional craft type. Second, the component type was produced in the form in which the characteristics of digital technology, which has advantages of certain shapes and detailed work, were best exhibited. Third, the structural type became a work with analog sensibility by adding traditional craft techniques based on the results output from a 3D printer. Finally, the connection type was the work that showed the greatest glimpse of originality and uniqueness among the analysis cases of this study. As digital technology is positively widely used, future studies will also deal with effective work directions.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2022

Corporations operate within long term strategy. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) makes decisions and has responsibility for all executive activities which affects the corporate performance. If the CEO makes strategic choices through reasonable decision making, it could affect corporate performance and corporate's rise and fall. So the CEO's decision making is very important. As rapid change in the digital technology environment happened, through digital transition, corporations have been working on increasing corporate performance by practical and academic methods. However prior research was restricted to CEO's affect on organization, innovation or innovative activities and there is a lack of research linking CEO's characteristics to digital transition and corporate performance. As the digital age is coming, research on how CEO's characteristics affect digital transition and corporate performance is direly needed. From the case of domestic Big Data corporation RSN Co. ltd's digital transition success, understanding characteristics of CEO, digital transition and corporate performance through prior researches, and developing research model and research proposition was set. Research was performed on RSN co. ltd's case analysis, and how characteristics of CEO's matter on digital transformation and corporate performance. As a result of the proposition, when the CEO conjugates digital technology, the corporation was able to successfully complete digital transition and it also affects corporate performance. Also, this research's other point is that CEO's may have limits on thoughtful decision making. It is judged that it is necessary to try an empirical study in the future.