• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 1989

For the Purpose of this study, were researched the optimum condition preconditioning condition of orient tobacco leaves . The loss of 3-methyl pentanoic acid (3-MP) component of BASMA leaves in the treatment process amount to about 60% , but the loss of 3-MP At the optimum conditions of BASMA CTC treatment, the temperature was 45-$65^{\circ}C$ and the treatment time 25-35 minutes. And further, the physical properties of BASMA after CTC treatment was remarkably similar to the control's. Since VTC minimized the loss, it is suggested that CTC method should be changed by VTC method.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2008

Roughly one third of medical problems in children are related to the musculoskeletal system. Most of these problems are common and can be precisely diagnosed. For these problems, nonoperative treatment or reassurance can be given by the pediatrician. Occasionally, a problem needs surgical treatment, but a precise diagnosis must be made. There is little agreement about what types of orthopedic problems a primary care pediatrician should understand in order to effectively care for children. Many pediatric residencies lack an organized teaching curriculum that effectively covers these topics or that includes a required pediatric orthopedic rotation. In this article the authors delineate pediatric orthopedic problems that require recognition and urgent surgical treatment and are relatively common, but have different treatment options (observation, conservative treatment, and surgery) depending on their natural history. Whenever possible, the diagnosis should be made before a decision to refer is made. An accurate diagnosis allows the pediatrician to discuss the natural history of the condition properly. Referral to the wrong specialty can needlessly generate expensive tests and further delay in treatment or generate inappropriate treatment. The parents can be reassured rather than waiting to hear the same information from another physician. In particular, orthopedic problems are known to generate pressure from the parents to seek specialty consultation for reassurance. It is important to communicate to the specialist that the reason for the referral is for parental reassurance rather than for further work-up or treatment. After a proper diagnosis, communication directly between the pediatrician and the appropriate specialist can often avoid an unnecessary referral, and avoid unnecessary tests. The authors reviewed our experience at our outpatient clinic over last 1 year and found that it is useful to classify conditions as common or uncommon, and whether they require surgical or nonsurgical treatment. Many conditions fall in between. The following is a discussion of some of these more important or common conditions.

• Carbon letters
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2011

Commercial PAN fibers were thermally stabilized at 220 or $240^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Those fibers were further stabilized using radio-frequency (RF) capacitive plasma discharge during 5 or 15 min. From Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results, it was observed that an additional plasma treatment led to further stabilization of PAN fibers. After stabilization, carbonization was performed to investigate the final tensile properties of the fabricated carbon fibers (CFs). The results revealed that a combination of thermal and plasma treatment is a possible stabilization process for manufacturing CFs. Morphology of CFs was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The morphology shows that the plasma stabilization performed by the RF large gap plasma discharge may damage the surface of the CF, so it is necessary to select a proper process condition to minimize the damage.

• Carbon letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.223-228
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• 2011

In this present work, the effect of additional heat-treatment (AHT) in the range from $1800^{\circ}C$ to $2400^{\circ}C$ on the chemical composition, morphology, microstructure, tensile properties, electrical resistivity, and thermal stability of commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers was explored by means of elemental analysis, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, single fiber tensile testing, two-probe electrical resistivity testing, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The characterization results were in agreement with each other. The results clearly demonstrated that AHTs up to $2400^{\circ}C$ played a significant role in further contributing not only to the enhancement of carbon content, fiber morphology, and tensile modulus, but also to the reduction of fiber diameter, inter-graphene layer distance, and electrical resistivity of "as-received" carbon fibers without AHT. The present study suggests that key properties of commercial PAN-based carbon fibers of an intermediate grade can be further improved by proprietarily adding heat-treatment without applying tension in a batch process.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.52-55
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• 2020

Background: Immunomodulatory properties of interferon (IFN) have been documented. It may induce autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune thyroiditis with hypo- or hyperthyroidism. In addition, it may impair thyroid hormone synthesis through affecting iodide organification in thyroid gland. Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe thyroid function tests disturbances in children with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) receiving pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG IFN-α) plus ribavirin. Methods: Fifty children with CHC virus infection who received combined pegylated interferon-alpha with ribavirin were selected. Other 50 apparently healthy children of matched age and sex (considered as control group) were selected. All children (100) were subject to liver function tests, virological studies, and follow-up of thyroid function test during and after the treatment course. Results: Our study showed that 28% of children received combined PEG IFN-α plus ribavirin showed subclinical hypothyroidism. After 24 weeks treatment with combined therapy of IFN plus ribavirin, the mean level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was 3.23±88 mU/mL, while TSH was 1.16±0.77 mU/mL before starting treatment. On the other hand, mean TSH was 1.09±0.92 mU/mL in normal control group. Conclusion: This study revealed an association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and treatment with IFN-alpha and ribavirin in children. Further studies on larger number of patients and longer follow-up duration are recommended for further confirmation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 1991

Effect of thermal cycling on shape memory effect and stabilization of austenite was investigated in Fe-21%Mn alloy. The thermal cyclic treatment was carried out with two types, room temperature${\leftrightarrow}215^{\circ}C$ and room temperature${\leftrightarrow}260^{\circ}C$. In case of the room temperature${\leftrightarrow}215^{\circ}C$, the SME was rapidly increased up to 3 cycles and maintained nearly constant value regardless of further cycles. In case of the room temperature${\leftrightarrow}260^{\circ}C$, however, the SME was increased with increasing the thermal cycle up to 5 cycles and decreased gradually with further cycle. The variation of the ${\varepsilon}$ martensite volume pet with the thermal cycle was in good agreement with the variation of the SME. Therefore, the change of the SME due to the cyclic treatment was explained with the change of the ${\varepsilon}$ martensite content. As the thermal cycle was increased, the $M_s$ temperature was decreased, and the $A_s$ and $A_f$ temperatures were increased, respectively.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the korean medical treatment for compressive neuropathy of radial nerve, especially chuna treatment of cervical vertebrae. Methods : Two patients were treated with acupuncture and moxibustion, herbal medication, chuna treatment on cervical vertebrae. To evaluate the wrist drop and numbness of hand, Coding Result of arbitrary values and manual muscle test(MMT), visual analogue scale(VAS) were used. Results : After 2 weeks-treatment(in case 1) & 5 weeks-treatment(in case 2), the movement and power of wrist were restored to nearly normal range, also the numbness of hands was removed. All cases show the improvement in the movement of wrist and the numbness of hands. Conclusions : Korean medical treatment including cervical manual therapy as chuna treatment is remarkably effective for radial nerve palsy. But further studies are required to concretely prove the effectiveness of chuna treatment on central vertebrae for peripheral neuropathy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.182-198
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• 2010

Background : The varieties of manifestations referred to oral, glottal, labial and dental diseases has been long complicated physicians in the efficient diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Acupuncture has been widely used in Korea throughout the history and provides an efficient method in the treatment of them Objectives : Establish a distinctive and efficient acupuncture method for the treatment of oral, glottal, labial and dental diseases based in literature research Method : We reviewed four Korean medical literature, "Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment", "Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine", "Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion", and "Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am", and analyzed the therapeutic characteristics in the treatment of oral, glottal, labial and dental diseases Result : 1. According to "Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment", we could noted frequent application of blood letting methods in the affected area, then rinse ones mouth with salty water and further application of taro plaster. Also found acupuncture methods utilizing heated mole cricket or silkworm in the sublingual region. Regarding herbal method, Realgar was rubbed in the affected area. Mainly used acupuncture points in the treatment of oral, glottal, labial and dental diseases were GV20, GB20, LU5, and auricular anterior hairline 2. In "Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine", blood letting method in the sublingual region and burning needle searing method were the most frequently applied in the treatment of oral, glottal, labial and dental diseases. Moxibustion was also applied in the treatment of labial and dental diseases. Particularly, said to apply 3 moxa cones in ear zones of both sides, when no medicine is effective. This demonstrates how emphasized the importance of moxibustion in this kind of disease. Mainly used acupuncture points were GV16, CV24, LI4, EX-HN12, and EX-HN13 3. In "Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion", no other methods beside wrist. Superstitious methods like applying moxibustion on the tooth picture drawn on the roofing tile need further confirmation. Mainly used acupuncture points were LI4, ST36, and HT7. 4. "Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am", identified the cause of diseases according to visceral pattern identification. Stomach and Spleen in charge of vocal, lingual, and labial disease, Kidney for dental disease, and further scrutinizing identification according to Liver, Heart, Stomach, Lung, and Kidney manifestations. Used supplementation and draining needling methods of self meridians and other correlating meridians. Conclusions : After previous study on stroke and eye diseases, we could also find various efficient methods according to oral, glottal, labial and dental diseases, through literature research of korean medical classics. This study will concurrently result in establishing distinctive therapeutic method characteristic of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.379-386
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• 1989

The soy milk prepared from soy protein concentrate was treated with microbial protease or papain. Growth and acid production by Lactobacillus acidophilus in soy milk containing partially hydrolyzed proteins were investigated. Sensory evaluation of yogurt beverage prepared from protease treated soy milk was also performed. Protease treatment of soy milk enhanced acid production by lactic acid bacteria, particularly in case of microbial pretense and simultaneous treatment by two types of protease showed synergistic effect. pH and number of viable cells were not affected markedly by pretense treatment. Microbial pretense treatment up to 15 minutes or papain treatment up to 45 minutes enhanced acid production, but further treatment up to three hours did not affect the acidity markedly. rho sensory evaluation showed that overall acceptability and taste of soy yogurt beverage were slightly improved when soy milk was treated with microbial pretense of 0.2% or papain of 0.2%. The amount of non-protein nitrogen considerably increased by pretense treatment of 15 minutes and it increased gradually by further treatment up to three hours.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.203-217
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to propose our rehabilitation protocol involving Korean medicine for patients with patellar fracture and report its effectiveness. Further, for the same patellar fracture patients, we created different protocols for those who underwent surgical treatment and those who required conservative treatment. Among patients who received inpatient treatment at our hospital for three years from August 2017 to August 2020, we included three patients who underwent surgical treatment for patellar fracture and one patient who required conservative treatment for patellar fracture. The degree of improvement of the patients was evaluated using physical examination findings of the knee joint, numeric rating scale, pain disability index, Lysholm knee score, and walking state. After each treatments, we observed that the range of motion of the knee joint, numeric rating scale, pain disability index, Lysholm knee score, and walking state improved in the patient groups. Even with the same patellar fracture, we observed that different rehabilitation treatments involving Korean medicine should be applied to patients who underwent surgical treatment and those who required conservative treatment. However, further studies are needed to design a rehabilitation protocol involving Korean medicine.