• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2002

Recent progress of several kinds of compounds which have been synthesized or isolated from natural fungi for screening or conducting test as agricultural fungicides as well as some formulations for wood stain and decay control have been reviewed in this paper in China. Comments were pointed for Chinas further research and development of fungicides as well as pesticides.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.19 no.3 s.44
• /
• pp.169-174
• /
• 1980

Regardless of the kind of the apple orchards whether received various fungicides application or not Rovral exhibited the most efficient inhibitory effect on the sporulation of Alternaria mali with the spotted leaf disks at the recommended dose $0.5{\mu}g/ml$ as well as the lower or the higher doses. When applied at the recommended doses $0.7{\mu}g,\;0.75{\mu}g,\;and\;0.7{\mu}g/ml$ of Antracol, Dithane M-45, and Dikar, respectively, these fungicides showed complete inhibitory effects on the sporulation. At the lower levels of application, they allowed the sporulation of 10,000 to 25,000 conidia/ml. Polyoxin and Difolatan, when applied on the leaf disks from the orchard that had received the fungicides application, exhibited low effects allowing the sporulation of around 20,000 conidia/ml. On the leaf disks from the orchard that had received no fungicide application, however, both fungicides showed relatively high inhibitory effects of the sporulation. The inhibitory effects of Captan, Dakonil, and Spat on the sporulation were lower than those of the aforementioned fungicides. Bayleton was the least effective among the fungicides used in the present investigation. Benlate showed promoting effect on the sporulation of the apple leaf spot fungus rather tan inhibiting.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.102-106
• /
• 2008

The single application of Bacillus subtilis QST713(BS QST713) mixed application with fungicides and alternate application were treated to examine the control of alternaria leaf blight of Panax ginseng. Control value of alternaria leaf blight by single application of BS QST713 at 10 days interval was 83.3%, and those of single application at 10 days interval was $80.4{\sim}83.7%$ by azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil copper sulfate basic, copper sulfate basic, kresoxim-methyl, difenoconazole, mancozeb. When mixture of BS QST713 and fungicides were applied at 14 days interval, the control value of alternaria leaf blight were 83.6% by BS QST713 and mancozeb, and 82.6% by BS QST713 and azoxystrobin. However, mixture of BS QST713 with difenoconazole, kresoxim-methyl, copper sulfate basic and chlorothalonil copper sulfate basic exhibited the disease control values from 61.1% to 76.4%, which showed slightly lower control efficacy. In Daejeon, the alternate application of BS QST713 followed by copper sulfate basic with 14 days interval was 85.9% in control value, which showed the best control efficacy. The alternate application with other tested fungicides slightly decreased to $55.5{\sim}78.2%$ in control value. However, the alternate application of BS QST713 followed by fungicides showed very high control efficacy, which were approximately 90% in Muju, Jeonbuk Province. Consequently, the single, mixed or alternate application of BS QST713 and fungicides could be recommended as a control method to reduce the amount of fungicides.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate control efficacy of fungicides mixed with pyroligneous acid on Large patch caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2. R. solani AG2-2 was not inhibited by concentration of 500 times and 1,000 times diluents of pyroligneous acid. It is thought that R. solani AG2-2 was not inhibited by Pyroligneous acid alone. Pencycuron and tebuconazol mixed with pyroligneous acid had a good effect in prevention of R. solani AG2-2 in zoysiagrass. Concurrently, it was observed that those were reduced $50\%$ of usage of fungicides. 500 times and 1,000 times diluents of pyroligneous acid treated group had a significantly effect compared to control turf in the leaf length, leaf width and dry weight. In conclusion, usage of fungicides could be reduced about $50\%$ by a fungicides mixed with pyroligneous acid for protection of R. solani AG2-2. Therefore, It is thought that fungicides mixed with pyroligneous acids can be reduced an economic load and also an environmental pollution such as a tolerance to pathogenic bacteria and a destruction of an ecological system of soil microbes according to use fungicides.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2005

In 1999 and 2002, 130 and 258 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. causing red pepper anthracnose were obtained from infected red pepper fruits, respectively. Their responses to 4 protective and 3 ergosterol biosynthesis-inhibiting(EBI) fungicides were investigated by observing their mycelial growth on PDA incorporated with different concentrations of each fungicide. The Colletotrichum isolates obtained in 1999 showed higher $EC_{50}$ values than those isolated in 2002 against three protective fungicides such as dithianon, chlorothalonil, and propineb, whereas the response was reversed toward other protective fungicide, iminoctadine. On the other hand, the isolates of year 1999 were more resistant against three EBI fungicides such as tebuconazole, hexaconazole, and prochloraz than those of year 2002; the $EC_{50}$ values of the former were 1.2-4.4 times higher than those of the latter, The responses of the Colletotrichum isolates toward protective and EBI fungicides were fluctuated according to regions, where the infected fruits were collected. On the other hand, the resis tance of Colletotrichum isolates to protective fungicides increased during monitoring from July to September, However, their responses towards EBI fungicides were not changed.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.122-131
• /
• 2022

Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. 20JDS8 sensitive and 20CDJ6 resistant to pylaclostrobin were used to investigate the cross-resistance with fungicides belonging to the strobilurins and the characteristics of fungicidal controlling activities with different mechanisms against the isolate resistant to the fungicide. The resistant isolate of 20CDJ6 also showed the resistance to azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and kresoxim-methyl, suggesting that there is a cross-resistance relationship. All fungicides with different action mechanisms inhibited mycelial growth of both susceptible and resistant isolates of C. acutatum s. lat., but their disease control effects in fruits were different according to the fungicides. The disease control effect of isopyrazam against 20JDS8 and 20CDJ6 was very low, and fluazinam showed a control effect of 91.9% and 88.1% against 20JDS8 and 20CDJ6 only when it was treated before inoculation by spraying spore suspensions on pepper fruits without wounds. Tebuconazole and prochloraz effectively inhibited not only the mycelial growth of 20JDS8 and 20CDJ6 on potato dextrose agar medium, but also disease incidence in red pepper fruits. As a result of this study, C. acutatum s. lat. 20CDJ6 resistant to pyraclostrobin showed cross-resistance with other strobilurin fungicides. In addition, we think that fluazinam, tebuconazole, and prochloraz can be recommended as alternative fungicides for the control of red-pepper pyranthracnose pathogens resistant pyraclostrobin. However, fluazinam can be effective only if it is treated protectively before the occurrence of the disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.109.2-109
• /
• 2003

A basic spray program for apple in which fungicides are scheduled to spray at 15-day interval from petal fall to late August was formulated on the properties of several selected fungicides. In order to improve it, experimental plots, completely randomized block with 3 replications, were prepared in an orchard of 15 years old Fuji cultivar, and the spray programs in which only one chemical in the basic spray program was substituted with others were applied to each plot. It was revealed that only single substitution of the fungicide in the basic spray program makes a great differences in the control of white rot and bitter rot, and that the control property of the fungicides against the two diseases was quite variable even by the time of application. A simila! ! r trial was conducted in 2002 with a new basic spray program that was formulated with fungicides that have shown best control in each spraying time in the previous trial, similar results were obtained. Applying this method, the usefulness of certain fungicide in the spray program for apple could be properly assessed. Anthracnose of Robinia pseudo-acacia L. caused by Collectotrichum spp.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 2001

Using a new evaluation method, Congo red method, the foliar uptakes of eight fungicides were measured. Among the fungicides tested, fenarimol, myclobutanil, edifenphos, isoprothiolane, and tricyclazole were found to be penetrable (11.0~42.8%), and were continuously absorbed into the leaf regardless of their formulation types. Procymidone, dimethomorpb, and ethaboxan were seldomly absorbed into plant leaf. The uptakes of dimethomorph and ethaboxam were facilitated (18.1~22.7%) in the presence of Koremul-OE-20, as an activator, showing plateau phase at 12h after application. Foliar uptake of fenarimol and myclobutanil into cucumber plant by spray application was larger than that by dropping application, while observed opposite in the cases of dimethomorph and ethaboxam containing activator. Congo red method in conjunction with spraying application used in the present study produced the clear results on foliar uptake of fungicides and therefore proved to be better than the conventional method in which the dropping application of pesticide has been used.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.570-574
• /
• 2016

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen causing a major problem in the export and post-harvest of strawberries. Inappropriate use of fungicides leads to resistance among fungal pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the sensitivity of B. cinerea to various classes of fungicide and to determine the effectiveness of different concentrations of commonly used fungicides. We thus evaluated the effectiveness of six classes of fungicide in inhibiting the growth and development of this pathogen, namely, fludioxonil, iprodione, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, fenpyrazamine, and boscalid. Fludioxonil was the most effective ($EC_{50}$ < $0.1{\mu}g/ml$), and pyrimethanil was the least effective ($EC_{50}=50{\mu}g/ml$), at inhibiting the mycelial growth of B. cinerea. Fenpyrazamine and pyrimethanil showed relatively low effectiveness in inhibiting the germination and conidial production of B. cinerea. Our results are useful for the management of B. cinerea and as a basis for monitoring the sensitivity of B. cinerea strains to fungicides.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2008

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. has been known as a significant disease which commonly infects to the fruits of Chinese matrimony (Lycium chinese) in the field conditions. To select effective fungicides for the control of Chinese matrimony anthracnose, the antifungal activity of 15 fungicides were evaluated with 13 different strains of Colletotrichum spp. in the laboratory condition. Six fungicides (Dithianon WG, Tebuconazole SC, Tebuconazole WG, Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole SC, Azoxystrobin SC and Polyoxin D zinc salt + Carbendazim WP) out of them, showed effective suppression with the mycelium growth of pathogenic fungus, and were selected to test in vivo of the field condition. Five fungicides, Dithianon WG, Tebuconazole WG, Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole SC, Tebuconazole SC and Azoxystrobin SC, were significantly effective to protect anthracnose of Chinese matrimony, the variety "Chungyang Jerae".