• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.682-688
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• 1998

Fungicide resistance of 48 isolates of Botrytis cinerea collected from citrus in Cheju was investigated and genetic diversity was analyzed with random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD). High levels of resistance to benzimidazole fungicides benomyl and thiophanate-methyl and N-phenylcarbamate fungicide diethofencarb were observed. Negative cross resistance was clear between benzimidazole and N-phenylcarbamate fungicides, and multiple resistance to the fungicides was also observed. There was cross resistance among the dicarboximide fungicides procymidione, vinclozolin and iprodione as it was observed between the benzimidazole fungicides benomyl and thiophanate-methyl. The lowest levels of resistance were to the dicarboximide fungicides, but no sensitive isolate to polyoxin B was observed. The isolates showed genetically diverse RAPD profiles according to the geographic origin collected, but there was no significant correaltion between RAPD profiles of genomic DNA and the levels of fungicide resistance of the isolates. The isolates showed genetically diverse RAPD profiles, indicating that genetic differentiation had already occurred in the populations of B. cinerea distributed in Cheju.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.101-104
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• 2017

We identified two genes related to fungicide resistance in Fusarium fujikuroi through random mutagenesis. Targeted gene deletions showed that survival factor 1 deletion resulted in higher sensitivity to fungicides, while deletion of the gene encoding F-box/WD-repeat protein increased resistance, suggesting that the genes affect fungicide resistance in different ways.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 1998

Gentic diversity of 42 isolates of Phomopsis citri was analyzed with random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) and fungicide resistance. RAPD profiles of genomic DNA of the isolates of P. citri and the degrees of their resistance to the fungicides mancozeb and propineb suggested the occurrence of genetic differentiation of P. citri distributed in Cheju. The isolates showed genetically diverse RAPD profiles according to the host species collected even from the same collection site and also according to the geographic origin collected even from the same host species. High levels of resistance to fungicides mancozeb and propineb were observed among the isolates of P. citri. However, there was no correlation between RAPD profiles of genomic DNA and levels of fungicide resistance of the isolates, suggesting that fungicide resistance of P. citri occurred irrespective of the host and geographic origin.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

국내 살균제 저항성 연구는 아직 초보적 수준으로 대부분의 연구가 실내에서의 살균제 저항성 균주의 검출보고에 국한하고 있다. 향후 살균제 저항성연구는 포장에서 대상 병원균 집단의 살균제에 대한 감수성 분포를 근거로 하여 그 살균제에 대한 저항성을 판별하는 기준 농도를 설정한 후 병원균주의 저항성 여부가 판정되어야 한다. 국내의 대부분의 연구가 이점을 간과하고 있기 때문에 연구자간에 저항성 기준에 차이가 있어 병원균 집단의 약제에 대한 감수성 변화를 추적하거나 해석하는데 많은 문제점이 있었다. 실내시험에서 검출된 살균제 저항성은 포장에서 감수성 및 저항성 균을 대상으로 방제효과를 조사한 후 그 저항성을 실증할 수 있어야 한다. 살균제 저항성은 실제로 농가포장에서의 약재 방제효율의 저하와 연관되어야 비로서 실용적인 의미를 갖기 때문이다. 저항성 균주에 대한 기생적 적응력의 조사는 병원균집단내의 저항성 균주들의 생존력이나 안정성을 검정하기 위하여 반드시 필요하다. 또한 살균제 저항성에 대한 장.단기적 대책을 강구하기 위하여 병원균 집단의 특정 살균제에 대한 감수성의 변화가 그 살균제를 사용하고 있거나 사용한 적이 없는 포장에서 주의 깊게 조사되어야만 한다. 이러한 연구들은 국내 살균제 저항성 문제를 해결하기 위한 기본적인 정보를 제공한다는 면에서 매우 시급한 연구과제가 되고 있다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.21-22
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• 2003

Fungicide treatment is the most important method for the control of plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. But fungicide resistant strains have appeared in many phytopathogenic fungi. Until now, molecular mechanisms of fungicide resistance such as mutation of target protein, overproduction of target enzyme and detoxification of fungicide have been designated. Recently, it was demonstrated that active efflux of fungicides mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters also contributes to fungicide resistance in several filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus nidulans, Penicillium digitatum and Botrytis cinerea.(중략)

• 식물병연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) is a class of fungicides, which is widely and rapidly used to manage fungal pathogens in the agriculture field. Currently, fungicide resistance to SDHIs has been developed in many different plant pathogenic fungi, causing diseases on crops, fruits, vegetables, and turf. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of fungicide resistance is important for effective prevention and resistance management strategies. Two different mechanisms have currently been known in SDHI resistance. The SDHI target genes, SdhB, SdhC, and SdhD, mutation(s) confer resistance to SDHIs. In addition, overexpression of ABC transporters is involved in reduced sensitivity to SDHI fungicides. In this review, the current status of SDHI resistance mechanisms in phytopathogenic fungi is discussed.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2010

우리나라 16개 골프장으로부터 동전마름병균 24균주를 분리하였다. Sclereotiona homoeocarpa 24 균주의 약제 저항성 검정은 지오판수화제(benzimidazole계)와 테부코나졸유제(demethylation inhibitor: DMI), 이프로디온수화제(dicaboximide계)가 첨가된 영양배지 위에서 균사 생장에의해 결정되었다. 시험결과 24 균주 중 이프로디온수화제에 약제 저항성 발생률은 83.3%, 지오판수화제 62.5%, 테부코나졸유제 0%를 나타냈었다. 또한 이프로디온수화제와 지오판수화제 두 약제에 대한 약제 저항성 발생률은 58.3%였다. 지오판수화제와 이프로디온수화제의 살균제 저항성 발생률은 잔디 초종과 병원균 분리장소와 상관이 없었다. 동전마름병 방제를 위한 포장시험에서 프로사이미돈(prcymidone), 보스칼리드(boscalid), 플루퀸코나졸+테부코나졸(fluquinconazole+pyrimethanil)이 크리핑벤트그래스의 동전마름병을 효과적으로 방제하였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2008

오이 흰가루병 저항성 검정을 위한 시험조건을 설정하고, 경기지역 오이 주산단지에서 분리한 흰가루병 병원균의 약제 저항성 정도와 흰가루병 방제농약의 서로 다른 계통별 저항성을 검정하기 위해 시험 약제를 농도별로 오이 잎에 살포한 잎 디스크 위에 채집한 병원균을 접종 배양하여 $7{\sim}9$일 후에 현미경을 이용, 발병도를 조사하였다. difenoconazole에 대한 약제 감수성 정도를 조사한 결과 평택 분리주들은 대체로 중도저항성이었으나, 2005년 오산에서 분리한 2개 균주들은 $300{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서도 발병도가 높게 나타나 저항성 균주로 판단되었다. fenarimol에 대한 약제 감수성 정도는 평택, 오산, 용인 3지역이 대체적으로 중도저항성 또는 감수성으로 나타났으나, 오산에서 분리한 1개 분리주에서 $300{\mu}g/ml$에서도 발병하여 저항성 균주로 판단되었다. strobilurin 계통 농약에 대해서는 대부분 저항성으로 나타났으며, $1,000{\mu}g/ml$과 $2,000{\mu}g/ml$에서도 발병도의 변화가 없었으며 kresoximmethyl에 대해서도 교차저항성을 나타내었다. carbendazim에 대한 흰가루병 채집 균주의 감수성은 $1,200{\mu}g/ml$에서도 발병하여 저항성을 나타내었다. 약제 계통별 오이 흰가루병 포장 시험 결과 잎 디스크시험에서 저항성을 보인 strobilurin 계통의 농약에 대한 방제가는 azoxystrobin이 41.2%, kresoxim-methyl이 29.6%의 낮은 방제효과를 나타내어 금후 사용량을 줄여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.629-636
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• 2022

Colletotrichum species is known as the major causal pathogen of red pepper anthracnose in Korea and various groups of fungicides are registered for the management of the disease. However, the consistent use of fungicides has resulted in the development of resistance in many red pepper-growing areas of Korea. Effective management of the occurrence of fungicide resistance depends on constant monitoring and early detection. Thus, in this study, various methods such as agar dilution method (ADM), gene sequencing, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were applied for the detection of benzimidazole resistance among 24 isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s. lat. The result of the ADM showed that C. gloeosporioides s. lat. was classified into sensitive and resistant isolates to benomyl while C. acutatum s. lat. was insensitive at ≥1 ㎍/ml of benomyl. The sequence analysis of the β-tubulin gene showed the presence of a single nucleotide mutation at the 198th amino acid position of five isolates (16CACY14, 16CAYY19, 15HN5, 15KJ1, and 16CAYY7) of C. gloeosporioides s. lat. Allele-specific PCR and PCR-RFLP were used to detect point mutation at 198th amino acid position and this was done within a day unlike ADM which usually takes more than one week and thus saving time and resources that are essential in the fungicide resistance management in the field. Therefore, the molecular techniques established in this study can warrant early detection of benzimidazole fungicide resistance for the adoption of management strategies that can prevent yield losses among farmers.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2008

Four hundred and sixty six isolates of B. cinerea were obtained from infected leaves, stems and fruits of paprika grown in greenhouses or plastic film houses in Gangwon province, Korea, between August and November in 2006 and 2007. These isolates were classified into five representative phenotypes of resistant (R) and sensitive (S) reactions as SSR, SRR, RSS, RRS and RSR according to the responses of isolates against benzimidazole, dicarboximide and N-phenyl-carbamate fungicide in order. The percentage of five phenotypes were 51.3, 2.4, 35.6, 8.1 and 2.6%, respectively. The SSR phenotype (51.3%) was the most common. Among the nineteen fungicide products evaluated to compare their efficacy against gray mold pathogen on the paprika fruit inoculated with fungal mycelia, the mixture of diethofencarb and carbendazim was the most effective followed by iprodione, boscalid, the mixture of iprodione and thiophanate-methyl, fludioxonil, polyoxin-B, fluazinam, the mixture of tebuconazole and tolyfluanid and procymidone; while in the assay methods inoculated with fungal spores, the mixture of tebuconazole and tolyfluanid was the most effective in controlling gray mold followed by boscalid, fludioxonil, the mixture of diethofencarb and carbendazim and the mixture of pyrimethanil and chlorothalonil.