• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.175-178
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• 2006

An acidic ent-cyclic peroxide was isolated from a sponge, Plakotis sp., and showed activity against leishmaniasis and pathogenic fungi. To improve the activity of this compound, we coupled the acidic ent-cyclic at the C1 position of ircinol A. Compound 3 exhibited significant activity against Leishmania mexican a and fungi with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.7 and $0.3-34{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The yield of compound 3 was 98%.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.413-415
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• 2004

A male Blue-fronted amazon parrot suddenly died after having a history of depression, anorexia and emaciation. At necropsy, numerous well-demarcated yellow to white firm nodules were scattered throughout the left caudal lung lobes and adjacent air sac. Histologically, the wall of air sac was significantly thickened due to necrosis and infiltration of large numbers of fungi and degenerated heterophils. Multifocal necrotizing granulomatous lesions with numerous fungal hypae as well as vasculitis and thrombosis were found in tl1e lung. The fungi had conidiophore, vesicle, phialides and conidia which were characteristic of Aspergillus sp. This is tl1e first report of mycotic air sacculitis and pneumonitis caused by Aspergillus in a parrot in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.89-91
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• 1986

Sixteen seed samples of nine vegetable crops imported from Japan were tested for plant quarantine by routine methods of seed health testing. Nineteen species of fungi including Alternara alternata were identified from the seed samples. Some species were very frequently detected in the seeds. In this experiment, Verticillium albo-atrum, V. dahliae and Macrophomina sp. from the seeds of spinach, and Cercospora capsici, Drechslera hawaiiensis and V. albo-atrum from the seeds of sweet pepper were detected for the first time, respectively. It has been reported that they had a pathogenicity on some vegetable crops in Japan and other countries. The data suggest that an epidemic damage may be occurred if the infected seeds are sown and cultivated in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 1992

Essential oils isolated from five angiospermic plants viz. citrus medica, trachyspermum amminepeta hindostana, amomum subulatum, and hyptis suaveolens have been tested against four fungiviz. aspergillus awamori, alternaria matini, aspergillus nidulans and penicillium sp. at 100ppm, 500 ppm, and 1, 000ppm. The oils of c. medica, n. hindostana and t. ammi were found to be effective in checking growth of fungi, while the hyptis and amomum oils were observed to be the worst effective. The antifungal poitency of some of the oils has been compared with synthetic fungicides viz. dithane m-45, ceresan and captan.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.272-276
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• 2009

In this study, eight soil samples were collected from organic and conventional farms in a central area of South Korea. Spore communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by AMF, were analyzed. Spores of Glomus clarum, G. etunicatum, G. mosseae, G. sp., Acaulospora longula, A. spinosa, Gigaspora margarita, and Paraglomus occultum were identified at the study sites, based on morphological and molecular characteristics. While Acaulospora longula was the most dominant species in soils at organic farms, Paraglomus occultum was the most dominant species in soils at conventional farms. Species diversity and species number in AMF communities found in soils from organic farms were significantly higher than in soils from conventional farms. Glomalin was also extracted from soil samples collected at organic and conventional farms and was analyzed using both Bradford and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The glomalin content in soils from organic farms was significantly higher than in soils from conventional farms. These results indicate that agricultural practices significantly affect AMF abundance and community structure.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 1981

A strain of Penicillium sp. which produces considerable amount of $\beta$-galactosidase was selected from extracellular $\beta$-galactosidase-producing fungi isolated from soil. The enzyme was found to be very stable in neutral pH range. Maximum enzymatic activity was reached after 72 hr of incubation in a wheat bran medium at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Productivity of the enzyme appeared not to be affected by the addition of carbon sources to the medium but the activity of the enzyme was increased from 14% to 85% by the addition of various nitrogen sources. The enzyme extracted from the wheat-bran culture of the Penicillium sp. was purified to 5050-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, SP-Sephadex C-50 chromatography, Ultrogel AcA 44 filtration and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The purified $\beta$-galactosidase was homogeneous on ultracentrifugation and disc electrophoresis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.98-112
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• 1996

Tho purpose of this study was to investigate hygienic and comfortable properties of socks. Materials are nine summer socks either frequently being worn or new products recently introduced to market. Three female and three male adults participated in this study. Through wearing experiment, the numbers of microbes on foot and sock were counted and subjective sensation was measured. The microbes were isolated and identified based on growth physiological characteristics. Nine different socks had smaller number of bacteria of sock than that of foot. The number of bacteria of sock was significantly related with that of foot in cotton socks, in piled cotton socks, in mesh cotton socks, in cotton+ nylon+ linen blended socks, in nylon socks. Total number of bacteria of tv cut finished socks was most small and total number of bacteria was increased in the order of ultra fresh finished socks, untreated cotton socks, nylon socks, cotton + nylon+ linen blended socks, mesh cotton socks, polyester+ nylcn+ linen blended socks, piled cotton socks, cotton socks. Total number of bacteria of cotton socks and piled cotton socks were significantly different from that of uv cut finished socks. Finished socks and .jocks has high air permeability had significantly small number of bacteria. Comfortable sensation in nylon socks and polyester+nylon+linen socks was significantly uncomfortable. The way socks finished and air permeability of .jocks affected theirs hygienic property, while fiber type of them affected comfortablene, is. Bacteria identified were Staphylo coccus aureus, S. au rice larir, S. cahn ii, S. ep ids midis, S. haemo Iyticus, S. h am in 2's. S.fapraphyticus, S. warnery, 1 cinetobater calcoaceticus bio. anitratus, p.reudomonas mendocina, p. paucimobilis, Flavimonas Q ryzihabitans (CDC Group VE-2), and Xanthomanas maltophina. Fungi isolated were Spicaria sp., Thrichoderma sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Epicoccum sp., Cladosporium sp., and Penicillium sp..

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2001

Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil extracted from plants Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Thuja orientalis and Chamaecyparis obtusa were tested against selected pathogenic bacteria and fungi of fish. At the concentrations above 500ppm, ingibitory effect of the oil of A. princeps var. orientalis was at its peak against Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 14715, A. hydrophila CF-2, A. salmonicida ATCC 14174 and A. salmonicida EL-1 but the bacteria Edwardsiella tarda KBF-1, Vibrio anguillarum ATCC19264, V. ordalii ATCC33509 and Streptococcus sp. were insensitive. Likewise, the oil extract of T. orientalis showed the highest inhibitory activity against V. ordalii ATCC33509, E. tarda ECK-1, and E. tarda KBF-1 at 300ppm; however the activity was highest at 500ppm or A. hydrophila ATCC14715, A. hydrophila CF-2, A. salomonicida ATCC14174, A. salmonicida EL-1 and Streptococcus sp. SF-1. With increasing dose of C. obtusa oil, the inhibitory activity became more and more effective against A. hydrophila CF-2, A. salomonicida ATCC14174, E. tarda ECK-1 and Streptococcus sp. SF-1, but A. hydrophila ATCC14174, A. salmonicida EL-1, E. tarda KBF-1, V. anguillarum ATCC19264, V. ardalii ATCC33509 and gram positive bacteria (Streptococcus sp.) were somewhat resistant. A. princeps var. orientalis, T. orientalis and C. obtusa were also tested against Saprolegnia sp. at the oil concentrations of 10, 100, 500, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000ppm. The inhibitory effect of the oil on the inhibit the mycelial growth of Saprolegnia sp. at 10ppm and completely inhibited at over 500ppm.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.833-838
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• 2013

In this study, twelve strains of brewing fungi were individually cultivated on wheat extract broth (WEB), potato dextrose broth (PDB) and malt extract broth (MEB) in order to determine the microorganism with good culture characteristics as well as with amylolytic activity. The strain cultured in PDB exhibited mycelia production from 12.6 g/L (Rhizopus oryzae KACC 45714) to a maximum of 48.0 g/L (Aspergillus oryzae KACC 46959), which was 2.3~9.2 times lower than that of the strain cultured in WEB and 1.7~14.6 times lower than that of the strain cultured in MEB. Accorfing the results, We found that the commercial strains of A. oryzae Suwon, CF1001 and CF1003 had a higher dry cell mass than the wild-type strains KACC 46421, 46423, 46424 and 46959. For Rhizopus sp., the acidity levels in WEB, PDB and MEB were 0.12~0.47%, 0.22~1.0% and 0.16~0.68% (equivalent lactic acid concentration) respectively. For A. oryzae, the acidity levels were 0.06~0.11%, 0.03~0.04% and 0.06~0.08% (equivalent lactic acid concentration), respectively. Amylase enzyme from Rhizopus delemar KACC 46419 exhibited an enzyme activity of 0.013 U and 0.019 U in WEB and MEB cultures, respectively. The enzyme activity of the amylase enzyme from A. oryzae was 0.019~0.037, 0.017~0.033 and 0.028~0.046 U in WEB, PDB and MEB cultures, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the diversity and occurrence frequency of ectomycorrhizal fruit bodies by planting sites from June 2000 to October 2001. A total of 3 classes 3 subclasses 8 orders 22 families 41 genera and 72 species (including two varieties) including saprophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi was investigated. The mushrooms are classified into 9 families 21 genera and 48 species in Agaricales, 5 families 11 genera and 13 species in Aphllophorales, 3 families 3 genera and 4 species in Heterobasidiomycetes and 5 families 6 genus and 7 species in Gasteromycetdae. A total of 7 families 11 genera 30 species (2,451 ea.) of ectomycorrhizal mushroom was investigated. The occurrence frequency of mushrooms was 1,225, 179 and 130 times for Laccaria vinaceoavellanea, Amanita longistriata and Laccaria amethystea, respectively. The mushroom occurrence of ectomycorrhizal fungi was closely related to climatic conditions such as high air temperature, relative humidity and lots of rainfall from July to August. Diversity and distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi by plots were very different because of variable local environments and different host plants in experimental plots. Laccaria vinaceoavellanea has showed very low host range of plant specificity because of mushroom occurrence in only Quercus sp. and Amanita longistriata, Russula bella and Inocybe sp. have showed wide host range of plant specificity because of mushroom occurrence in coniferous and broadleaved trees. The environment which has a favorable influence of mushroom occurrence was soil pH, organic matter and T/N ratio of soil enviromental and humidity of climatic environment.