• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 1981

Attempts were made to develope the method of biological control by application of hyperparasitism on plant disease. The hyperparasitic fungi used in this work was Trichoderma sp. which was isolated from the ginseng growing soil, and the host fungi were Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht and Glomerella cingulata(St) Spau. et Schr. The hyperparasitic fungi identified as Trichoderma viride. It was observed that the hyperparasitic fungi either contact and penetrate into the hyphae of the host or inhibit the growth of host finally destroy of the host cells.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.121-138
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• 1982

The present study was conducted in order to investigate the role of yeast-like fungi in bovine mastitis. Attempts were made to isolate and identify yeast-like fungi from the milk from normal udders and those with clinical or subclinical mastitis and from feces. Also incuded in the study were trials for the pathogenicity of the isolates for laboratory animals and efficacy of an anti-fungal drug for the treatment of mastitis. A total of 133 isolates of yeast-like fungi was made from milk and feces and they were identified as Candida (C.) albicans (5 isolates), C. krusei (63 isolates), C. tropicalis (27 isolates), Torulopsis (T.) glabrata (10 isolates), Rhodotourla sp. (6 isolates), Hansenula sp. (6 isolates) and Pichia sp. (1 isolate). Sixty seven strains of yeast-like fungi were isolated from the milk of 64 quarters (4.3% of quarters examined) of 55 cows (14.3% of cows examined). C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. parapsilosis and T. glabrata were isolated as the causative agents from 20 quarters (1.3% of quarters examined) with clinical mastitis. C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, T. glabrata, Rhodotorula sp. and Hansenula sp. were isolated as the causative agents from 22 quarters (1.5% quarters examined) with subclinical mastitis. C. tropicalis, C. krusei, T. glabrata and Rhodotorula sp. were isolated as the contaminants from 22 normal quarters (1.5% of quarters examined). C. krusei, C albicans, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. parapsilosis, T. glabrata, Hansenula sp., Rhodotorula sp. and Pichia sp. were isolated as the contaminants from feces and all of the species except Pichia sp. were isolated from milk of the same cows at the some time. Intramammary infusion of nystatin was effective for the treatment of mastitis caused by C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotoropicalis, C. parapsilosis, T. glabrata and Rhodotorula sp. C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, T. glabrata, Hamsenula sp. and Pichia sp. were pathogenic for rat but C. parapsilosis and Rhodotorula sp. were not.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.5
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• pp.148-166
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• 1984

The Investigation of organisms damaged to papers and cellulose materials of Cultural Property in the Ch'ang Dok Palace The investigation of the airborne fungi, the attached fungi to the papers and cellulose materials of Cultural Properties in addition to the insects inhabiting at the Ku Sonwon Jon, Shin Sonwon Jon and Yonwa ch'anggo in the Ch'ang Dok Palace carried out from Jul. 10 to Jul. 21,1984.The results are summarized as follows ;1. Isolation and identification of the airborne fungi from the three storages were Cladosporium sp., Alternaria alternata, As pergillus cervinus, A. flavus, A. nidulance, A. oryzae, A. terreus, A. versicolor, A. wentii, Penicillium adametzii, P.albicans, P.canescens, P. citreo-viride, P. citrinums, P. decumbens, P. frequentans, P. funiculosum, P.herquei, P.implicatum, P.multicolor, P.nigricans, P.nonatum,P.purpurogenum, P.roqueforti, P.viridicatum, Trichodema viride, Geotrichumcandidum, Curvvlaria lunata, Torula hebarum, T.thermophila, Itersoniliasalmonicolor, Drechsclera avenue, Candida sp., Acremonium sp., and Botrytis sp., It was found that thirty five species in thirteen genera was isolated. Among them, the dominant species was Cladosporium sp., and the order was Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and so on.2. The attached fungi directly isolated from the papers and cellulose materials of Cultural Properties were twenty-nine species in fourteen genera, namely, Acremonium sp., Albertiniella sp., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus clavatus,A.niger, A.ornatus, A.versicolor, Botrytis sp., Bysochlamys sp., Carpenteles sp.,Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium sp., Eurotium sp., Mucor sp., Penicilliumcanescens, P.chermesium, P.citrinum, P.frequentans, P.funiculosum, P.herqueiP .implicatum, P.javanicum, P.luteum, P.purpurogenum, P.thomii, P.viridicatum, Torula thermophila, Trichoderma koningi and T.viride. Among them, the mostfungi distributed on the surface of the papers and cellulose materials was Penicillium and the order was Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Trichodermaand so on.3. The insects collected the three storages were ten genera and ten species including 916 specimens. By classifying the insects collected, the most species of the insects was Stenoscelodes hayashii of 857 specimens occupied about 93% of the total insect. And the other insects were collected as Microgamme costipennisAnobium pertinax, Xenomimetes alni, Anthrenus verbasci, Holoparmecus signatus,Thermobia domestica, Halyomorpha brevis, Drosophila coracine and Brattaorientalis. As described above, it could be known that the most airborne fungi was Cladosporium and the order was Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria in the three storages. And the most attached fungi distributed on the surface of papers and cellulose materials was Penicillium and the other fungi were Aspergillus, Alternaria Cladosporium, Trichoderma and so on. Accordingly, from the results, itwas assumed that the major part of airborne fungi were attached to the papers and cellulose materials of Cultural Properties. The paper and cellulose materials of Cultural Properties in Ch'ang Dok Palace were chiefly damaged by S.hayashii in Coleoptera.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 2023

Xylanase has been applied in various sectors, such as biomass conversion, paper, pulp, textiles, and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to isolate and screen potential xylanase-producing fungi from the soil of Suphan Buri Province, Thailand. Fifteen fungi were isolated, and their xylanase activities were tested by the qualitative method. The result showed that isolate SP3, SP10 and SP15 gave high xylanase activity with potency index (PI) of 2.32, 2.01 and 1.82, respectively. These fungi were selected for the xylanase quantitative test, isolate SP10 performed the highest xylanase activity with 0.535 U/mL. Through molecular methods using the 𝛽-tubulin gene, isolate SP10 was identified as Penicillium menonorum. The xylanase characteristics from P. menonorum SP10 were determined, including the xylanase isoforms and the optimum pH and temperature. The xylanase isoforms on SDS-PAGE indicated that P. menonorum SP10 produced two xylanases (45 and 54 kDa). Moreover, its xylanase worked optimally at pH 6 and 55 ℃ while reaching 61% activity at 65 ℃. These results proposed P. menonorum SP10 as a good candidate for industrial uses, especially in poultry feed and pulp industries, to improve yield and economic efficiency under slightly acidic and high-temperature conditions.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1970

1. Of the 35 various grains, 446 colonies of fungi were isolated. Among the 446 colonies, 423 were possible to identify into 17 genera. 2. Of the 10 bean-pastes, fungi were isolated 193 colonies. It can be identified 11 genera. 3. It will be noted that Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., Cladosporium sp. were predominated genera. 4. A total of 155 colonies of Aspergillus sp. isolated from various grains were obtained from the samples. Asp. versicolor was the frequent species and 47 colonies isolated. 5. Penicillium where was isolated from various grains, obtained 115 colonies. Pen. camemberti was the most frequent species. 6. Penicillium palitans was most excellent amylase producing fungi and which was 1ml per 6.300 unit.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.125-140
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• 2016

We analyzed the cultural characteristics of isolated brewing fungi for developing fermentation starters. In a previous study, we collected 87 domestic nuruk, from which 481 fungi strains were isolated and 11 were selected showing improved productivity. After culturing these 11 fungi strains in several types of media, temperatures, carbon and nitrogen sources, Rhizopus sp. grew well in MEA, ME20S, PDA medium while Aspergillus sp. grew well in ME20S and YES. Both Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus sp. survived well at optimal growth temperatures of 30 and $37^{\circ}C$. Rhizopus sp. utilized lactose, glucose and peptone sources while Aspergillus sp. utilized glucose, mannose, fructose and yeast extract sources. ${\alpha}-Amylase$ activity was excellent in L. ramosa CN044, R. oryzae 82-7(MEB), R. oryzae CN174 and A. oryzae 58-11(WEB) culture extracts. This study suggests that R. delemar 26-4, 58-8 and A. oryzae 78-5, 37-7 might be appropriate fungi strains for fermentation starters based on development of large fungi bodies and their good enzyme activities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.481-487
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify fungi that degrade product value during the storage and distribution of confectionery products, and to investigate the antifungal effect of organic acid and UV-C treatments on high carbohydrate products. Fungi isolated from spoiled high carbohydrate confectionery were identified as Wallemia sp., Aspergillus sp-1 and Aspergillus sp-2 depending on homologies with ITS1 and ITS4 sequences. The isolated fungi were assayed for antifungal activity by treatment with acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid or maleic acid. As a result, it was confirmed that the growth of Wallemia sp. and Aspergillus sp-2 was suppressed by treatment with 0.2 M and 0.35 M acetic acid, respectively. In addition, as a result of confirming the antifungal effect according to the UV-C irradiation time, the growth inhibitory effects of Wallemia sp. and Aspergillus sp-2 were shown in irradiation for 30 min and the growth inhibitory effect of Aspergillus sp-1 was shown in irradiation for 40 min. The result of the sensory evaluation of the untreated and 0.35 M acetic acid-treated high carbohydrate confectionery, there were not significant changes in taste, color, abnormal taste, hardness and texture, but there were significant differences in sour taste and smell. As a result of the above study, the effect of inhibiting fungi growth on the product by treatment with organic acid and UV-C irradiation was confirmed, and it is expected to be used in confectionery that were concerned about the occurrence of fungi in the distribution process.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.396-402
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• 1997

Biocontrol of plant pathogens provides an alternative means of reducing the incidence of plant diseases without the negative aspects of chemical pesticides. Nowdays, as the resistant fungi about the chemical fungicides have revealed and the concern of environment has increased, the biological control of phytopathogenic fungi by the antagonistic microorganisms is very much indispensable. For the selection of strong antagonistic bacterium for biological control agent of rice leafblast and cucumber gray mold rot, the antifungal strain KL-3 strain was selected among 120 strains isolated from the rhizosphere soils. And the strain was identified to be a species of Bacillus subtilis or closely related strain. In several biochemical and in vitro antibiosis tests, antifungal substances of Bacillus sp. KL-3 were presumed heat stable, micromolecular antibiotic substances. In vivo test and vinyl house field test, the antifungal substances of Bacillus sp. KL-3 represented excellent biocontrol ability aganist Alternaria mali, Phyricularia oryzae, and Alternaria kikuchiana as well as broad spectrum of other fungi. In particular, Bacillus sp. KL-3 strain showed more predominant activity than some chemical fungicides against fungi shown to resist chemcal fungicides.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.211-214
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• 2000

The roles of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase were inverstigated in the biodegration of pentachlorphenol (PCP) by several which rot fungi. The disappearance of pentachlorophenol from cultures of wild type strains, P. chrysosporium, Trametes sp. and of pentachlorophenol from cultures of wild type strains, P. cheysocporium, Trametes sp. and Pleurotus ap., was observed. The activities of mangnese peroxidase and laccase was detected in Trametes sp. and pleurotus sp. cultures. However, the activities showed that PCP was degraded under ligninolytic as well as nonligninoytic condicationg that lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase are not essential in the biodegradation of PCP by white rot fungi.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2000

Some of thermophilic fungi which has growth-promoting effect on Pleurotus ostreatus were isolated from compost during high temperature fermentation process. The temperature optima of 7 isolated thermophilic fungi were $50^{\circ}C$ on PDA media. Isolated strains S-1 and S-2 have the best mycelial growing rate, so these isolates were expected as excellent thermophilic fungi for high temperature composting and mycelial growing of oyster mushroom. In liquid culture, the optimal pH of thermophilic fungi observed variously, pH 7.0-10.0 but most of thermophilic fungi grow well in pH 8.0-pH 9.0 and the final pH of media after cultured was done pH 5.5-6.0. In liquid culture of thermophilic fungi on the optimal condition, S-2 have the best mycelial growing rate. The growing rate of thermophilic fungi S-1, S-2, S-5, and S-10 on lignocellulosic substrates was good but Humicola grisea var. thermoidea, well know thermophilic fungi which has growth-promoting effect on Agaricus bisporus, was poor and which was well grown on PDA at $50^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0. Isolated strain S-1 was identified as Trichophyton sp. and other 6 strains were identified as Sepedonium sp. by morphological characteristics.