• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1995년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.90-90
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.466-472
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 곰팡이 28S rDNA 염기서열의 메타분석을 통하여 반추위 곰팡이의 다양성을 조사하는데 있다. 'rumen'과 'ruminal'이 반추위 곰팡이 유래 염기서열들을 회수하기 위한 검색어로 사용되었다. 2016년 9월부로 모든 28S rDNA 염기서열이 보관되어 있는 Ribosomal Database Project(RDP, http://rdp.cme.msu.edu) 데이터베이스에서 반추위 곰팡이 유래 28S rDNA 유전자 염기서열(n=165)을 획득하였다. 총 165개의 염기서열은 분류학상의 '문(phylum)'인 Ascomycota, Neocallimastigomycota 및 Basidiomycota로 분류되었고, 165개의 염기서열 중에서 각각 109개, 48개, 8개의 염기서열을 차지하였다. Ascomycota 염기서열은 식물병원성곰팡이나 마이코톡신을 생성하는 곰팡이를 포함하고 있는 '속(genus)' Pseudonectria, Magnaporthe, Alternaria, Cochliobolus, Cladosporium 및 Davidiella로 분류되었다. 또한, Basidiomycota 염기서열은 식물병원성곰팡이를 포함하고 있는 '속(genus)' Thanatephorus와 Cryptococcus로 분류되었다. 뿐만 아니라, Neocallimastigomycota 염기서열의 경우 섭취된 조사료의 주요 구조탄수화물을 분해하는 '속(genus)' Cyllamyces, Neocallimastix, Anaeromyces, Caecomyces, Orpinomyces, Piromyces로 분류되었다. 본 연구는 처음으로 28S rDNA 염기서열의 메타분석을 통해 반추위 곰팡이 다양성에 대한 정보를 통합적으로 제공하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 반추위 곰팡이 연구에 대한 방향을 제공할 것이고, 새로운 분석도구 개발에 응용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.300-310
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• 2013

98주의 내생진균은 신두리 해안사구에 자생하고 있는 해안사구식물의 뿌리로부터 분리하였다. 8종의 해안사구식물 샘플은 모래지치(Argusia sibirica), 갯메꽃(Calystegia soldanella), 갯그령(Elymus mollis), 반디지치(Lithospermum zollingeri), 갯무(Raphanus sativus), 솔장다리(Salsola collina), 왕잔디(Zoysia macrostachya) 및 갯잔디(Zoysia sinica)이며, 신두리 해안사구로부터 채집되었다. 그리고 분리된 내생진균들은 ITS1, 5.8S와 ITS2를 포함하는 ITS-rDNA 영역에 의해 분석되었다. 해안사구식물로부터 분리된 내생진균에 대하여 다양한 지수를 적용하여 분석하였다. 해안사구식물로부터 분리된 모든 내생진균은 Capnodiales (3.09%), Eurotiales (70.10%), Glomerellales (1.03%), Helotiales (3.09%), Hypocreales (9.28%), Mortierellales (2.06%), Onygenales (1.03%), Ophiostomatales (1.03%), Pleosporales (1.03%), Polyporales (1.03%), Russulales (1.03%), Saccharomycetales (2.06%), Xylariales (1.03%)로 13개 목과 분류체계가 명확하지 않은 Incertae sedis (3.09%)으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 8종의 식물로부터 내생진균을 분석한 결과 Eurotiales 목과 Hypocreales 목의 Penicillium 속(59.18%)과 Fusarium속 (5.10%)이 가장 많이 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 갯메꽃으로부터 분리된 내생진균이 다른 해안사구식물들로부터 분리된 내생진균의 다양성 보다 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.373-383
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• 2015

Five halophytic plant species, Suaeda maritima, Limonium tetragonum, Suaeda australis, Phragmites australis, and Suaeda glauca Bunge, which are native to the Muan salt marsh of South Korea, were examined for fungal endophytes by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region containing ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2. In total, 160 endophytic fungal strains were isolated and identified from the roots of the 5 plant species. Taxonomically, all 160 strains belonged to the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota. The most dominant genus was Fusarium, followed by the genera Penicillium and Alternaria. Subsequently, using 5 statistical methods, the diversity indices of the endophytes were determined at genus level. Among these halophytic plants, P. australis was found to host the greatest diversity of endophytic fungi. Culture filtrates of endophytic fungi were treated to Waito-C rice seedlings for plant growth-promoting effects. The fungal strain Su-3-4-3 isolated from S. glauca Bunge provide the maximum plant length (20.1 cm) in comparison with wild-type Gibberella fujikuroi (19.6 cm). Consequently, chromatographic analysis of the culture filtrate of Su-3-4-3 showed the presence of physiologically active gibberellins, $GA_1$ (0.465 ng/mL), $GA_3$ (1.808 ng/mL) along with other physiologically inactive $GA_9$ (0.054 ng/mL) and $GA_{24}$ (0.044 ng/mL). The fungal isolate Su-3-4-3 was identified as Talaromyces pinophilus.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2012

20 mer의 URP primers 가 한국 재래적미의 반복배열 DNA 염기서열로부터 고안되어 다양한 곰팡이 종의 PCR 다형성검출에 적용 되어 왔다. URP-PCR 방법은 PCR반응중 $55^{\circ}C$이상의 고온에서 annealing반응을 함으로 하여 재생적인 PCR결과를 얻을 수 있으며 효모균류에서 담자균류의 고등 균류까지 33속, 142 종, 1,489 균주의 다양한 곰팡이 종의 유전체 DNA에 적용되어 그 유용성이 평가 되어 왔다. 본 논문은 URP-PCR의 특성과 지금까지 다양한 곰팡이 종 다양성 검정결과를 종합하여 보고 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1270-1279
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• 2011

Bealmijang is a short-term aged paste made from meju, which is a brick of fermented soybeans and other ingredients. Different types of bealmijang are available depending on the geographic region or ingredients used. However, no study has clarified the microbial diversity of these types. We identified 17 and 14 fungal species from black soybean meju (BSM) and buckwheat meju (BWM), respectively, on the basis of morphology, culture characteristics, and internal transcribed spacer and ${\beta}$-tubulin gene sequencing. In both meju, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae, Penicillium polonicum, P. steckii, Cladosporium tenuissimum, C. cladosporioides, C. uredinicola, and yeast species Pichia burtonii were commonly found. Moreover, A. flavus, A. niger, P. crustosum, P. citrinum, Eurotium niveoglaucum, Absidia corymbifera, Setomelanomma holmii, Cladosporium spp. and unclassified species were identified from BSM. A. clavatus, Mucor circinelloides, M. racemosus, P. brevicompactum, Davidiella tassiana, and Cladosporium spp. were isolated from BWM. Fast growing Zygomycetous fungi is considered important for the early stage of meju fermentation, and A. oryae and A. niger might play a pivotal role in meju fermentation owing to their excellent enzyme productive activities. It is supposed that Penicillium sp. and Pichia burtonii could contribute to the flavor of the final food products. Identification of this fungal diversity will be useful for understanding the microbiota that participate in meju fermentation, and these fungal isolates can be utilized in the fermented foods and biotechnology industries.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.213-225
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• 2018

Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) is one of the most ubiquitous genera worldwide. This genus has an excellent ability to adapt to diverse environments, even under poor nutritional conditions, such as in freshwater. However, little is known about the diversity of Trichoderma species in freshwater environments. In this study, we isolated diverse fungal strains from algae, plant litter, and soil sediment in streams in Korea. The strains were identified based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and translation elongation factor 1 ($TEF1{\alpha}$) sequences. We also investigated their morphological characteristics by microscopic observation and determination of cultural features on different media. As a result, six Trichoderma species were found in Korea: T. afroharzianum, T. capillare, T. guizhouense, T. paraviridescens, T. reesei, and T. saturnisporum. Interestingly, T. paraviridescens showed both cellulose activity and hypoxia stress tolerance phenotypes, indicating its role as a decomposer in freshwater ecosystems. Our study revealed that freshwater environment could be a good candidate for investigating the species diversity of Trichoderma.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.686-695
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• 2021

Tricholoma matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal fungus that has a symbiotic relationship with the root of Pinus densiflora. Soil microbial communities greatly affect the growth of T. matsutake, however, few studies have examined the characteristics of these communities. In the present study, we analyzed soil fungal communities from Gyeongju and Yeongdeok using metagenomic pyrosequencing to investigate differences in fungal species diversity, richness, and taxonomic composition between the soil under T. matsutake fruiting bodies (Sample 2) and soil where the fairy ring of T. matsutake was no longer present (Sample 1). The same spot was investigated three times at intervals of four months to observe changes in the community. In the samples from Yeongdeok, the number of valid reads was lower than that at Gyeongju. The operational taxonomic units of most Sample 2 groups were less than those of Sample 1 groups, indicating that fungal diversity was low in the T. matsutake-dominant soil. The soil under the T. matsutake fruiting bodies was dominated by more than 51% T. matsutake. From fall to the following spring, the ratio of T. matsutake decreased. Basidiomycota was the dominant phylum in most samples. G-F1-2, G-F2-2, and Y-F1-2 had the genera Tricholoma, Umbelopsis, Oidiodendron, Sagenomella, Cladophialophora, and Phialocephala in common. G-F1-1, G-F2-1, and Y-F1-1 had 10 genera including Umbelopsis and Sagenomella in common. From fall to the following spring, the amount of phyla Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota gradually decreased but that of phylum Ascomycota increased. We suggest that the genus Umbelopsis is positively related to T. matsutake.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1013-1022
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• 2023

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread soil endophytic fungi, forming mutualistic relationships with the vast majority of land plants. Biochar (BC) has been reported to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth. However, limited studies are available concerning the combined effects of AMF and BC on soil community structure and plant growth. In this work, a pot experiment was designed to investigate the effects of AMF and BC on the rhizosphere microbial community of Allium fistulosum L. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing, we showed that inoculation of AMF and BC had a significant impact on soil microbial community composition, diversity, and versatility. Increases were observed in both plant growth (the plant height by 8.6%, shoot fresh weight by 12.1%) and root morphological traits (average diameter by 20.5%). The phylogenetic tree also showed differences in the fungal community composition in A. fistulosum. In addition, Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that 16 biomarkers were detected in the control (CK) and AMF treatment, while only 3 were detected in the AMF + BC treatment. Molecular ecological network analysis showed that the AMF + BC treatment group had a more complex network of fungal communities, as evidenced by higher average connectivity. The functional composition spectrum showed significant differences in the functional distribution of soil microbial communities among different fungal genera. The structural equation model (SEM) confirmed that AMF could improve the microbial multifunctionality by regulating the rhizosphere fungal diversity and soil properties. Our findings provide new information on the effects of AMF and biochar on plants and soil microbial communities.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.48-48
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• 2014

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi(AMF) is widespread symbiont forming mutualistic relationship with plant root in terrestrial forest in ecosystem. They provide improved absorption of nutrient and water, and enhance the resistance against plant pathogen or polluted soil, therefore AM fungi are important for survival and maintaining of individual or community of plant. For last decade, many studies about the functional variation of AM fungi on host plant growth response were showed that different geographic isolates, even same species, have different effect on host plant. However, little was known about functional variation of AM fungal isolates originated single population, which provide important insight about intraspecific diversity of AMF and their role in forest ecosystem. In this study, four AM fungal isolates of Rhizophagus clarus were cultured in vitro using transformed carrot (Daucus carota) root and they showed the difference between isolates in ontogenic characteristics such as spore density and hyphal length. The plant growth response by mycorrhizas were measured also. After 20 weeks from inoculation of these isolates to host plants, dry weight, Root:Shoot ratio, colonization rates and N, P concentration of host plant showed host plant was affected differently by AM fungal isolates. This results suggest that AM fungi have high diversity in their functionality in intraspecific level, even in same population.