• 치과방사선
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.273-281
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• 1997

Patient with complaints of swelling, pain in the maxillaly region and discomfort visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital in August last year. Clinical examination and diagnostic imagings implied he was suffered from fungal hyphal infection but no causative fungus was found by the histopathologic and microbiologic investigation. Therefore he was diagnosed with nonspecific inflammation. But as yet, we do think this case is very similar to some kinds of mucormycosis. So we presented this case for more thorough discussion.Followings are founded in the examination. 1. Patient had suffered from Diabetes mellitus and complained of stuffness, headache, swelling in buccal cheeks and paresthesia And we found more maxillary bony destruction and ulcer with elevated margin in the palate by clinical examination. 2. In the first visit, Plain films revealed general bony destruction of the maxilla, radiopaqueness in the sinonasal cavities. or and MRI showed soft tissue mass filled in the paranasal sinus except frontal sinus and bony destruction in involved bones. 3. No causative bacteria and fungus was found in the biopsy and microbiologic cultures. 4. Caldwell-Luc operation and curettage were carried and antJbiotics were taken for 4 months. But now he was worse than in the past 5. In the second visit, involvement of orbit, parapharyngeal sinus, clivus, cavernous sinus and middle cranial fossa were seen clearly in the or and MRI.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.162-167
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• 1999

Integration of microbial antagonists with fungicides was tried to control the gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on pepper in greenhouse conditions and to reduce fungicide uses. All of the selected bacterial antagonists, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BL3, Paenibacillus polymyxa BL4, and Pseudomonas putida Cha94, completely inhibited the conidial germination of B. cinerea until 30 days after treatment. However, bacterial colonization of pepper phylloplane was poor in BL4, while the other bacterial isolates and the fungal antagonist Trichoderma harzianum TM colonized well on the phylloplane, maintaining the population density of 104-105 cfu/g until 15 days after microbial treatments. Out of 13 kinds of selected fungicides used for gray mold diseases, polyoxin B and BKF 1995 showed the most discriminatory activity on the fungal growth between B. cinerea and TM. TM grew readily on the media containing those fungicides, while B. cinerea showed poor or no mycelial growth on them. The selected fungicides and antagonists alone reduced incidence of gray mold on pepper, showing disease indices of about 2.4 to 3.0, while its was increased up to 4.2 in the untreated control. Alternate treatments with the antagonists and 2-fold diluted fungicides inhibited the disease incidence as much as the antagonists or fungicides alone, and reduced the secondary inoculum more than the single treatments. This suggests that integration of antagonists and fungicides may be an efficient way to reduce fungicide sprays with reliable control efficacy of the disease. However, there was not much difference in the early and mid-term disease progress among the treatments and the untreated control, probably due to extremely favorable environmental conditions for the disease development in this experiment.

• 식물병연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2010

식물근권에서 유래된 12개의 근권세균이 Phytophthora citrophthora에 의해 발생되는 감귤 역병에 대해 감귤 열매에서 병진전 억제 효과를 나타내는지 조사하였다. 조사한 근권세균 중 THJ609-3, TRH423-3, BRH433-2, Lysochit 및 KRY505-3 등에 의해 역병이 억제되는 것을 역병균의 in vivo 상처접종을 통하여 밝혀졌다. 근권세균을 P.citrophthora의 균사체와 대치 배양하여 역병균 저지대의 길이를 측정한 결과 역병 진전억제효과를 보였던 5개의 균주에서 모두 항진균활성이 나타났다. 그러나 근권세균의 균사생장억제효과와 역병억제효과 사이에 양의 상관관계는 성립되지는 않았다. 한편, 근권세균 rDNA의 internal transcript spaces(ITS)을 분석을 통해 동정 한 결과 Lysochit과 KRY505-3은 Bacillus cereus로 동정 되었고, BRH4332은 B. circulans로, TRH423-3는 Burkholderia gladiol로 동정되었다. 이 연구는 친환경 농가와 같이 농약사용이 제한된 농장에서 감귤 역병에 대해 생물적 방제를 위한 활성균을 모색하는데 매우 가치가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2013

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum is one of the most severe diseases threatening the production of small grains. Infected grains are often contaminated with mycotoxins such as zearalenone and trichothecences. During survey of contamination by FHB in rice grains, we found a bacterial isolate, designated as BN1, antagonistic to F. graminearum. The strain BN1 had branching vegetative hyphae and spores, and its aerial hyphae often had long, straight filaments bearing spores. The 16S rRNA gene of BN1 had 100% sequence identity with those found in several Streptomyces species. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS regions showed that BN1 grouped with S. sampsonii with 77% bootstrap value, suggesting that BN1 was not a known Streptomyces species. In addition, the efficacy of the BN1 strain against F. graminearum strains was tested both in vitro and in vivo. Wheat seedling length was significantly decreased by F. graminearum infection. However, this effect was mitigated when wheat seeds were treated with BN1 spore suspension prior to F. graminearum infection. BN1 also significantly decreased FHB severity when it was sprayed onto wheat heads, whereas BN1 was not effective when wheat heads were point inoculated. These results suggest that spraying of BN1 spores onto wheat heads during the wheat flowering season can be efficient for plant protection. Mechanistic studies on the antagonistic effect of BN1 against F. graminearum remain to be analyzed.

• Mycobiology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2013

A total of 62 bacterial isolates were obtained from Gomsohang mud flat, Mohang mud flat, and Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Among them, the isolate CNU114001 showed significant antagonistic activity against pathogenic fungi by dual culture method. The isolate CNU114001 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by morphological observation and molecular data analysis, including 16SrDNA and gyraseA (gyrA) gene sequences. Antifungal substances of the isolate were extracted and purified by silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. The heat and UV ray stable compound was identified as iturin, a lipopeptide (LP). The isolate CNU114001 showed broad spectrum activity against 12 phytopathogenic fungi by dual culture method. The semi purified compound significantly inhibits the mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi (Alternaria panax, Botrytis cinera, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Penicillium digitatum, Pyricularia grisea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) at 200 ppm concentration. Spore germ tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea was inhibited by culture filtrate of the isolate. Crude antifungal substance showed antagonistic activity against cucumber scleotiorum rot in laboratory, and showed antagonistic activity against tomato gray mold, cucumber, and pumpkin powdery mildew in greenhouse condition.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2019

Endophytic fungi have the ability to live inside the host plant tissues without causing neither symptoms of diseases/or harm. Opportunistic infections are accountable for majority of the outbreaks, thereby putting a burden on the health system. To investigate and characterize the bioactive compounds for the control of bacteria of clinical importance, extracts from endophytic fungi were isolated from indigenous South African medicinal plants. Extracts from endophytic fungi were isolated from 133 fungal strains and screened against Gram positive and negative bacteria namely Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and E. gallinarum using disk diffusion. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to identify the bioactive compounds. Sixteen out of one hundred and thirty-three (12%) fungi extracts exhibited antibacterial properties against some of the selected bacteria. E. coli was found to be the most susceptible in contrast to E. faecium and E. gallinarum which were the most resistant. The isolate MHE 68, identified as Alternaria sp. displayed the greater spectrum of antibacterial activities by controlling selected clinical bacteria strains including resistant E. faecium and E. gallinarum. The chemical analysis of the extract from MHE 68 indicated that linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)) and cyclodecasiloxane could be accountable for the antibacterial activity. This is the first study conducted on the secondary metabolites produced by endophytic fungal strains isolated from the Pelargonium sidoides DC. possessing antibacterial properties.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.157-159
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• 2019

낙동강 주변에서 채취한 토양으로부터 분리한 Pseudomonas fluorescens NBC275 (Pf275) 균주는 식물과 곤충에 병을 일으키는 곰팡이류에 우수한 항균력을 보였다. 본 연구에서는 Pf275 균주의 전체염기서열을 해독하고 분석하였는데, 총 염기서열은 6,610,362 bp였고, GC 함량은 60.9%였다. 염색체는 5,869개의 단백질을 암호화하였고, 16개의 rRNA와 65개의 tRNA로 구성되어 있었다. 유전체의 분석을 통해 항균력을 나타내는 2차 대사산물을 암호화하는 유전자를 확인할 수 있었는데, Pf275 균주는 pyoverdine, 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol 및 phenazine 등의 항균물질을 생산하였고, 이들 대사산물에 의해 항균력 및 생물방제효과를 나타내는 것으로 판단된다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2023

Background: Fruit and vegetable market is an abundant source of bioaerosols. Exposure to organic and inorganic waste and long-term inhalation of bioaerosols during working hours leads to chronic respiratory symptoms. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and related factors among fruit and vegetable workers compared with the control group in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods and materials: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from 2020 to 2021. Data were entered in EpiData 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Logistic regressions were computed to depict the data and related factors. The culture method was done to count and compare bacterial and fungal concentrations between fruit and vegetable workers and office workers. Results: In this study, the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms (PR = 2.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.772-4.66) was significantly higher among fruit and vegetable workers (46.7%) than controls (23.4%). Sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.12-3.98), educational status (AOR = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.78-2.32), working hours per day (AOR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.586-9.65), and working department (AOR = 3.20, 95% CI = 0.90-11.40) were associated with chronic respiratory symptoms. Bacterial and fungal concentrations were significantly higher in the air of the vegetable market (276 colony-forming unit) than the air in the workplace of controls (7 colony-forming unit). Conclusion: The fruit and vegetable market workers (greengrocers) had a higher prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms relative to office workers. Respiratory protective devices should be given to deliver preventive measures.

• 식물병연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2023

In 2020 and 2021, we surveyed diseases of three-leaf ladybell (Adenophora triphylla) plants grown in fields at two locations in Korea. During the disease surveys, severe leaf rot symptoms were observed on the young plants in Hongseong, and stem rot symptoms on the adult plants in Cheolwon. The incidence of leaf rot was 5-60%, and that of stem rot 1-10%. We obtained 6 fungal isolates each from the leaf rot lesions and the stem rot lesions. All the isolates were morphologically identified as Rhizoctonia solani. Anastomosis test and investigation of cultural features of the fungal isolates revealed that the isolates from the leaf rot lesions corresponded to R. solani AG-1(IB), and those from the stem rot lesions to R. solani AG-2-2(IIIB). Two isolates each of R. solani AG-1(IB) and AG-2-2(IIIB) were used for DNA sequence analysis and pathogenicity test to three-leaf ladybell plants through artificial inoculation. The anastomosis groups and cultural types of the R. solani isolates were confirmed by the sequence analysis. The pathogenicity tests revealed that the isolates of R. solani AG-1(IB) caused only leaf rot symptoms on the inoculated plants, and those of R. solani AG-2-2(IIIB) leaf rot and stem rot symptoms. The induced symptoms were similar to those observed in the fields investigated. Leaf and stem rot of three-leaf ladybell caused by the two anastomosis groups and cultural types of R. solani is first reported in this study.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2024

While investigation of the fungal diseases on apples collected from Cheongsong-gun and Bonghwa-gun in Gyeongbuk province, Korea, between August and September 2023 isolated five fungal strains from fruits with sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) disease. The strains were designated as KNUF-23-CS02, KNUF-23-CS-06, KNUF-23-CS12, KNUF-23-BH01, and KNUF-23-BH03. When grown on potato dextrose agar and 2% water agar, the cultural characteristics of the strains were similar to those previously reported characteristics of Peltaster fructicola Pf001. The strains produced monoblastic, hyaline conidiogenous cells; the conidia were hyaline, unicellular, cylindrical to ovoidal, and 3.5-7×1.7-3.9 and 4.0-6.6×1.8-3.2 μm in size on synthetic nutrient-poor agar or water agars, respectively. Secondary conidia production by microcyclic conidiation and budding was observed. The KNUF-23-BH03 strain was shown to cause SBFS symptoms similar to those observed on the apples in the pathogenicity test. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on the isolated species sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region, nuclear large ribosomal DNA subunit, and mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA subunit gene. The five strains were clustered with Peltaster fructicola Pf001. Based on the cultural and morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, the five strains were identified as Peltaster fructicola, which has not been previously reported in Korea.