• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.210-213
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• 2020

Fungal balls consist of rounded conglomerates of fungal mycelia, which can form within a preexisting cavity. They are mostly found in the paranasal sinuses in the head and neck regions. Cholesterol granuloma is a fibrotic lesion that develops as a tissue response to a foreign body such as cholesterol crystals or hemosiderin and is often associated with chronic otitis media. We present the unusual case of a 62-year-old male who was treated for chronic otitis media, which was histologically confirmed as a fungal ball and cholesterol granuloma in the middle ear cavity following tympanomastoidectomy. This is the first reported case of synchronous fungal ball and cholesterol granuloma in the middle ear cavity.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.210-213
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• 2020

Fungal balls consist of rounded conglomerates of fungal mycelia, which can form within a preexisting cavity. They are mostly found in the paranasal sinuses in the head and neck regions. Cholesterol granuloma is a fibrotic lesion that develops as a tissue response to a foreign body such as cholesterol crystals or hemosiderin and is often associated with chronic otitis media. We present the unusual case of a 62-year-old male who was treated for chronic otitis media, which was histologically confirmed as a fungal ball and cholesterol granuloma in the middle ear cavity following tympanomastoidectomy. This is the first reported case of synchronous fungal ball and cholesterol granuloma in the middle ear cavity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.209-220
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• 2020

Background: This study investigated the effects of soil properties on the soil fungal community in first and continuous cultivation areas of Cnidium officinale Makino. Methods and Results: The soil fungal community was analyzed for relative abundance and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was conducted using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The correlation between the soil chemical properties and the soil fungal community was assessed with distance-based linear models (DISTLM). The soil fungal community showed distinct clusters consisting in the continuous cultivation area of C. officinale Makino. PCoA and DISTLM indicated that soil pH, calcium, and available P₂O₅ significantly affected the soil fungal community in the cultivation area of C. officinale Makino. In addition, considering 5 different pathogenic fungi the relative abundance of Fusarium in the continuous cultivation area was significantly higher compared to that in the first cultivation area of C. officinale Makino. Conclusions: This study is important because it has determinined the effects of soil properties on the soil fungal community in both first and continuous cultivation areas of C. officinale Makino. Moreover, these results will be helpful to investigate the cause of continuous cropping obstacle in C. officinale Makino by examining the changes of soil fungal community.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.929-933
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• 2010

We tried to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from a silkworm, Bombyx mori, involved in fungal (Aspergillus niger) infection. A total RNA purified from fungal-induced and normal B. mori ($5^{th}$ instar larvae) was used for the cDNA synthesis. Differentially expressed genes were screened by annealing control primer (ACP)-based PCR technique. Comparing the gene expression profiles between fungal infection and control silkworm, we detected 10 genes that were differentially expressed in fungal induction and performed molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the 10 genes. We confirmed the expression patterns of 3 DEGs by RT-PCR. The 3 DEGs over-expressed in fungal infection were identified as lysozyme, enbocin and an unknown gene. They were first identified to be genes induced by fungal infection. Although the detailed functions of 3 genes and their products remain to be determined, the genes will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of insect-immune systems induced by fungal infection.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2014

To examine the effects of water stress and Cenangium ferruginosum (CF) on the fungal endophytic community of needles of Pinus koraiensis (PK), fungal endophytes isolated from the needles of 5-year-old PK seedlings were compared before and after exposure to water stress conditions and artificial inoculation with CF ascospores. Artificial CF inoculation was successfully confirmed using PCR with CF-specific primers (CfF and CfR). For comparison of the degree of water deficit in water-stressed and control groups of PK seedlings infected with CF, the water saturation deficit and water potential were measured. Lower water potential estimates were found in the water-stressed seedlings than in the control group. The fungal endophytes isolated from the second-year needles of non-water-stressed seedlings before and after CF inoculation revealed that primary saprobes were approximately 30% and 71.7%, respectively, and the remaining endophytes were rot fungi or pathogens. Sixty days after CF inoculation, diverse fungal endophytes in the first-year needles were isolated from the water-stressed seedlings. However, some fungal endophytes isolated from the non-water-stressed seedlings were also identified. Fungal endophytes in the second-year needles of the water-stressed and non-water-stressed seedlings were approximately 8% and 71.7% of saprobes, respectively, and the remaining endophytes were rot fungi or pathogens. On the basis of the results, we conclude that water deficit and CF can have an effect on fungal endophytic communities in the needles of PK seedlings.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.107-110
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• 2012

Genes encoding the cellobiohydrolase enzyme (CBHI), designated as cbhI, were isolated from the basidiomycetes Auricularia fuscosuccinea, Pleurotus giganteus, P. eryngii, P. ostreatus, and P. sajor-caju. Initially, the fungal genomic DNA was extracted using a modified cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol and used as a DNA template. The cbhI genes were then amplified and cloned using the pGEM-T Easy Vector Systems. The sizes of these PCR amplicons were between 700~800 bp. The DNA sequences obtained were similar showing high identity to the cbhI gene family. These cbhI genes were partial consisting of three coding regions and two introns. The deduced amino acid sequences exhibited significant similarity to those of fungal CBHI enzymes belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 7.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.240-244
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• 2020

Alternaria alternata JS-1623 is an endophytic fungus isolated from a stem tissue of Korean fir, Abies koreana. Ethyl acetate extracts of culture filtrates exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in LPS induced microglia BV-2 cell without cytotoxicity. Here we report a 33.67 Mb sized genome assembly of JS-1623 comprised of 13 scaffolds with N50 of 4.96 Mb, and 92.41% of BUSCO completeness. GC contents were 50.97%. Of the 11,197 genes annotated, gene families related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites or transcription factors were identified.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Acetylation of histone lysine residues occurs in different organisms ranging from yeast to plants and mammals for the regulation of diverse cellular processes. With the identification of enzymes that create or reverse this modification, our understanding on histone acetylation has expanded at an amazing pace during the last two decades. In fungal pathogens of plants, however, the importance of such modification has only just begun to be appreciated in the recent years and there is a dearth of information on how histone acetylation is implicated in fungal pathogenesis. This review covers the current status of research related to histone acetylation in plant pathogenic fungi and considers relevant findings in the interaction between fungal pathogens and host plants. We first describe the families of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases. Then we provide the cases where histone acetylation was investigated in the context of fungal pathogenesis. Finally, future directions and perspectives in epigenetics of fungal pathogenesis are discussed.

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.178-181
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• 2005

Cordyceps militaris specimens were continuously collected by Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Collection (EFCC), Kangwon National University from different mountains, national parks and recreation parks of Korea from 1986 to 2002, mainly from late May to October of each year. Dry specimens of C. militaris along with their isolates have been preserved in EFCC. Fruiting of C. militaris was induced from single ascospore isolates as well as their combinations in brown rice medium. Fruiting experiments showed that combinations of single ascospore isolates produced fertile fruiting bodies, but single isolates could not produce any fruiting bodies. It was shown that two isolates of the opposite mating types were required to produce fertile stromata. However, combinations of the same mating type isolates produced no fruiting body, showing that C. militaris is a bipolar, heterothallic fungus.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2012

URP primers that were derived from repetitive DNA sequence of rice weedy rice have been applied for producing PCR polymorphisms in different fungal species. URP-PCR protocol employed stringent PCR with high annealing temperature over $55^{\circ}C$ throughout the thermo-cycling reaction, giving high reproducibility. Under the PCR condition, Each single URP primer produced characteristic fingerprints from diverse genomes of different fungal species, indicating its universal applicability. URP-PCR has been accessed for applicability to various fungal species with 33 genus, 142 species and 1,489 isolates. Numerous related papers have demonstrated that URP-PCR profiles of fungal species are very useful for identifying fungal species at intra and inter species levels. The results were reviewed in this paper.