• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.9
• /
• pp.362-373
• /
• 2018

This study was pre-experimental research designed to compare the differences between pre-and post the effect of core fundamental education program of senior nursing student′s core fundamental nursing skills, clinical competency and problem solving process for one semester. Core fundamental education program which consists of three steps, 12 session. The subjects of this study were 192 graduates of one nursing college and surveyed from March 20 to June 23, 2017. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the paired t-test, t-test, ANOVA by SAS for Windows(ver. 9.8) and AMOS(ver. 20.0) As a result, pre-post recognition level of core fundamental education program was nursing skills competency pre $(3.42{\pm}.42)$ and post $3.88({\pm}.61)$, clinical competency was pre $3.74({\pm}.47)$ and post $3.98({\pm}.67)$. The core fundamental nursing skills(p=.017), clinical competency(p=.041) increased significantly after education program. Core fundamental nursing skills, clinical competency and problem solving process was significantly different according to male group(p=.003/p=.013/p=.005), high satisfaction group in nursing major(p=<.000/p=.009/p=<.000), confidence improvement group(p=.044/p=.047/p=.004) at the core skill contest. In conclusion, this study showed that the core fundamental nursing education program of senior nursing students had a positive effect on core fundamental nursing skills and clinical competency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.9
• /
• pp.351-361
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a peer evaluation method on the core fundamental nursing skills competency, learning attitude, critical thinking and self-leadership of graduating nursing students. A survey using a questionnaire was administered to 326 nursing students. The data was analyzed using SAS(ver. 9.8) and AMOS(ver.20.0) The results of peer evaluation showed that the fundamental nursing skills competency was 3.77(${\pm}.62$), the learning attitude was 3.17(${\pm}.47$), critical thinking was 3.44(${\pm}.41$) and self-leadership was 3.60(${\pm}.49$). Core fundamental nursing skills competency showed statistical differences based on gender, major satisfaction, practice satisfaction, pre-learning and satisfaction with the peer evaluation. Core fundamental nursing skills competency was positively correlated with learning attitude(r=.295, p<.001), critical thinking was positively correlated with core fundamental nursing skills competency(r=.384, p<.001) and learning attitude(r=.623, p<.001), and finally, self-leadership was positively correlated with core fundamental nursing skills competency(r=.353, p<.001), learning attitude(r=.529, p<.001) and critical thinking(r=.690, p<.001). The factors affecting fundamental nursing skills competency were critical thinking and self-leadership. Core fundamental practical education programs to improve learning attitude, critical thinking and self-leadership need to be developed to increase core fundamental nursing skills.

• Korean Business Review
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.15-27
• /
• 2007

This paper analyzed the relationship between Housing Purchase Price volatility of Seoul and Housing Purchase Price volatility of local large city. Other studies investigates the effect on the observed volatility Observed volatility consists of fundamental volatility and transitory volatility. Fundamental volatility is caused by information arrival and transitory volatility is caused by noise trading. Fundamental volatility is trend component and is modelled as a random walk with drift. Transitory volatility is cyclical component and is modelled as a stationary process. In contrast to other studies, this study investigates the effect on the fundamental volatility and transitory volatility individually. Observed volatility is estimated by GJR GARCH(1,1) model. We find that GJH GARCH model is superior to GARCH model and good news is more remarkable effect on volatility than bad news. This study decomposes the observed volatility into fundamental volatility and transitory volatility using Kalman filtering method. The findings in this paper is as follows. The correlation between Seoul housing price volatility and Busan housing price volatility is high. But, the correlation between Seoul and Daejeon is low. And the correlation between Daejeon and Busan is low. As a distinguishing feature, the correlation between fundamental volatilities is high in the case of all pairs. But, the correlation between transitory volatilities turns out low. The reason is as follows. When economic information arrives, Seoul, Daejeon, and Busan housing markets, all together, are affected by this information.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.74 no.6
• /
• pp.821-832
• /
• 2020

The fundamental period is an important parameter for seismic design and seismic risk assessment of building structures. In this paper, a simplified theoretical method to predict the fundamental period of masonry infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame is developed based on the basic theory of engineering mechanics. The different configurations of the RC frame as well as masonry walls were taken into account in the developed method. The fundamental period of the infilled structure is calculated according to the integration of the lateral stiffness of the RC frame and masonry walls along the height. A correction coefficient is considered to control the error for the period estimation, and it is determined according to the multiple linear regression analysis. The corrected formula is verified by shaking table tests on two masonry infilled RC frame models, and the errors between the estimated and test period are 2.3% and 23.2%. Finally, a probability-based method is proposed for the corrected formula, and it allows the structural engineers to select an appropriate fundamental period with a certain safety redundancy. The proposed method can be quickly and flexibly used for prediction, and it can be hand-calculated and easily understood. Thus it would be a good choice in determining the fundamental period of RC frames infilled with masonry wall structures in engineering practice instead of the existing methods.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.44
• /
• pp.3-29
• /
• 2009

The PECL have been drawn up by an independent body of experts from each member state of the european union under a project supported by the european commission and many other organizations. Salient features of the general provisions of the PECL, freedom of contract and pecta sunk servanda, good faith and fair dealing, most of the PECL are non-mandatory. The CISG uses the term fundamental breach in various setting. The concept of fundamental breach is a milestone in its remedial provisions. Its most important role is that it constitutes the usual precondition for the contract to be avoided(Art. 49., Art. 51., Art. 64., Art. 72., Art. 73). In addition, where the goods do not conform with the contract, a fundamental breach can give rise to a requirement to deliver substitute goods. Furthermore, a fundamental breach of contract by the seller leaves the buyer with all of his remedies intact, despite the risk having passed to him(Art. 70). Basically, PECL, PICC generally follows CISG, it was similar to all the regulation's platform though the terms and content sometimes differ. For example regarding to the non-performance and remedies, in the case of non-performance, that is the PECL/PICC term analogous to breach of contract as used in the CISG. Furthermore the PECL/PICC used fundamental non-performance refered to in PECL Art. 8:103 ; PICC Art. 7.1.1. correspond generally to the concept of fundamental breach referred to in CISG Art. 25. The main significance of the fundamental non-performance, in any systems, is to empower the aggrieved party to terminate the contract. The need for uniformity and harmony in international commercial contracts can be expected to lead to growth of international commerce subject to the CISG, PICC, and PECL. It is hoped that the present editorial remarks will provide guidance to improve understanding between the contractual party of different countries in this respect and following key-words.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2010

In this paper, we propose a method for extracting predominant melody of polyphonic music based on harmonic structure. Since polyphonic music contains multiple sound sources, the process of melody detection consists of extraction of multiple fundamental frequencies and determination of predominant melody using those fundamental frequencies. Harmonic structure is an important feature parameter of monophonic signal that has spectral peaks at the integer multiples of its fundamental frequency. We extract all fundamental frequency candidates contained in the polyphonic signal by verifying the required condition of harmonic structure. Then, we combine those harmonic peaks corresponding to each extracted fundamental frequency and assign a rank to each after calculating its harmonic average energy. We finally run pitch tracking based on the rank of extracted fundamental frequency and continuity of fundamental frequency, and determine the predominant melody. We measure the performance of proposed method using ADC 2004 DB and 100 Korean pop songs in terms of MIREX 2005 evaluation metrics, and pitch accuracy of 90.42% is obtained.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.357-364
• /
• 2003

The main difficulty in estimating the fundamental matrix stems from the unavoidable outliers inherent in the given correspondence matches. Several researches showed that the estimation results are much dependent on selecting the corresponding points. These represent that it is important to solve the problems due to errors on the point locations and mismatches. In this paper, our analysis shows that if the evenly distributed corresponding points are selected, we can estimate a more precise fundamental matrix. This paper presents novel approaches to estimate the fundamental matrix by considering the inlier distributions. In order to select evenly distributed points, we divide the entire image into the subregions, and then examine the number of the inliers in each subregion and the area of each region. The simulation results showed that our consideration of the inlier distribution can provide a more precise estimation of the fundamental matrix.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.91-105
• /
• 2005

This study investigates the meaning, the method of "Cultivation of the fundamental" as aim of child education in context of the Xing-Li-Xue(性理學) educational theory. Chu-hsi understood the meaning of "Cultivation of the fundamental" as Ching(敬, the cultivation of good nature in human mind). The method of "Cultivation of the fundamental" consists of quiet sitting(정좌), attention(주의집중), moral environment(도덕적 환경) and practicing propriety(예의 실습). Through quiet sitting and attention, learners may reach a condition of mind which is free of their selfish desires and in which they can find out their original nature. The education in Confucianism accepts the environment as a significant element in forming human personality. Making moral environment has leaners to take good value with ease. Characteristic of study in Xing-Li-Xue is to emphasize to observe concrete clauses of propriety. The reason why Xing-Li-Xue emphasizes propriety is that Mind Study may be maintained through Body Study. In conclusion, the "Cultivation of the fundamental" in the Xing-Li-Xue is to form the power to regulate selfish desires and thus behave more moderately. Along these points, not only quiet sitting which relexes the body and soul, but also song and dance are not considered as contrary to Xing-Li-Xue educational theory. The various ways of "Cultivation of the fundamental" of Xing-Li-Xue educational theory make people recognize, understand and experience good innate nature of human beings. And we can reach the conclusion that education of Xing-Li-Xue uses so many methods that learner can accept moral value as naturally as possible.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2011

A new formula is proposed for the fundamental period of high-rise residential concrete shear-wall (SW) buildings. This formula, developed on the basis of dynamics with the recorded fundamental period during the recent earthquakes, can consider the wall stiffness with respect to any direction. To verify the proposed formula, the fundamental period of 10 sample buildings, measured during construction, is compared with the predicted fundamental period. Furthermore, the empirical formulas presented in the building codes KBC 2009 and ASCE 7-10, are also compared with the proposed formula to show a rationality of the proposed formula. The comparison results show that the proposed formula not only can rationally consider the characteristics of each shear-wall, but that it also accurately predicts the fundamental period of the buildings.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.1321-1329
• /
• 2016

To get an insight into the operating characteristics of the passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactors, a two-phase natural circulation test facility was constructed. The system consists of a boiling loop absorbing the heat from the drain tank, a condensing loop consuming the heat, and a steam drum. A steady-state experiment was carried out, in which the thimble temperature ranged from $450^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$ and the system pressure was controlled at levels below 150 kPa. When reaching a steady state, the system was operated under saturated conditions. Some important parameters, including heat power, system resistance, and water level in the steam drum and water tank were investigated. The experimental results showed that the natural circulation system is feasible in removing the decay heat, even though some fluctuations may occur in the operation. The uneven temperature distribution in the water tank may be inevitable because convection occurs on the outside of the condensing tube besides boiling with decreasing the decay power. The instabilities in the natural circulation loop are sensitive to heat flux and system resistance rather than the water level in the steam drum and water tank. RELAP5 code shows reasonable results compared with experimental data.