• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.867-878
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• 2006

This research is carried out to investigate the Condominium Management System of the states of California and Hawaii, and to examine the similarities and the differences between the Korean Apartment Management System and the American Condominium Management System. The research indicates: first, in Korea the management of apartment units is the Commission of the Representatives of the Occupants, while in America the management of condominiums is the Association of Apartment Owners, an organization of condominium owners in America. Second, it is required that apartment developers should submit such a document as the Public Report in America, which explains various matters concerning legal rights on condominium buildings and the outline of the buildings, to the authorities concerned in Korea. It can help the authorities to accumulate management techniques of the apartment complex, which could efficiently be used in practicing and planning city housing policies. Third, each apartment's management company in Korea is bound to make long term plans for maintenance based on the Housing Law. It is, however, difficult to reserve an adequate amount of money for the reserve fund, because its use is decided according to the maintenance rule which has a criterion different from each and every apartment management. Concludingly, an amendment of the Housing Law in Korea is required, in order to reserve at least 50 percent of the estimated sum of maintenance expense in future like Hawaii State in America.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.147-156
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of public spending, macroeconomic variables, and BPK opinion on economic growth. This study is motivated by the inequality of fiscal policy effectiveness between regions in Indonesia in influencing the economic growth of different regions, the ability of local governments to attract foreign investors, and the transparency of regional financial management in designing development programs to encourage regional economic growth. The analytical tool in this study is a dynamic panel regression model with data from 2008 to 2017. The results of this study show that, in the short term, the population affects regional economic growth, while in the long term, the economic growth is affected by the number of people, the poor, General Allocation Fund, health budget, foreign investment and BPK opinion. The findings of this study are that in the long term the General Allocation Fund becomes an obstacle to economic growth, this is because the general allocation funds is widely used to cover the lack of funds for routine regional activities, thereby reducing activities for development programs. Another research finding is that fiscal policies carried out by local governments make a small and ineffective contribution to promoting economic growth.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.837-846
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the dilapidated Fine View Square located in the city of Gangneung and analyze problems for building it into a sustainable space under an effective management plan. Further to creating an ecological base for restoring the natural circulation, a restorative method for the damaged area, a spatial assignment by the UNESCO's Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB), and an urban ecological park, we not only wanted to provide an environment that is citizen friendly, but also a practical and realizable project to connect with the various methods and programs mentioned above, while utilizing the Ministry of the Environment 's ecosystem conservation fund. In conclusion, we found that it would be possible to contribute to building an urban ecological park the Ministry of Environment proposed while restoring the lost natural circulation in Gyodong Square in the city of Gangneung and ecological soundness of the city along with the reduced heat island effect and the increased biological diversity and Ecological Soundness.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2000

The fundamental hypothesis of health promotion is that the modification of behavior to better fit practices associated with health will in fact increase health and longevity. Therefore, it is in general said that the most important thing to health promotion is the practice of health education which can result in the change of human behaviors. The National Health Promotion Fund is the financial resource of health promotion programs in Korea. The budget for health education of the fund accounted for 0.58 billion won out of the health promotion budget, 29.5 billion won in 1998. It has been the smallest out of 4 categories of health promotion programs from 1998 to 2000. What is worse, only 0.26 billion won was spent on health education in fact. It was less than a half of the budget for health education. In addition to it, the budget for the development of health education material was 0.17 billion won in 1998. But it was not spent on the project at all. And the project of educational material development got no budget in 1999. The Korean health promotion needs to enlarge the portion of community health education services drastically in order to attain the proper behavioral change of the people in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.5B
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• pp.356-363
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• 2008

The decision of the USA to found the USF(Universal Service Fund) in 1983, which was aiming to support basic telecommunication services provision at affordable price in rural and high cost areas, has triggered many countries to introduce universal service support mechanisms. Korea has been also operating a universal service support mechanism since 2000 but there are lively controversies on the change of the existing support mechanism. This paper, first, will review universal service support mechanisms in major countries including USA, EU, Chile, Peru and Japan. Second, this paper will classify types of the mechanisms and review merits and demerits of the mechanisms. Finally, this paper will derive some implications for the improvement of domestic Mechanism.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to measure the efficiency of social security expenditure in 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China and proposes corresponding improvement plans. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were obtained from the statistical yearbook of each province. The BCC and CCR models of DEA model and Malmquist index are used to analyze the efficiency, and the input-output index is expanded. Result - The results show that the social security performance of the Chinese government has improved on the whole despite the unbalanced development in different regions. Each region should look for strategies to improve the efficiency of social security according to its own problems. The study suggests that provinces affected by TCI should improve their internal environment, such as raising social security fund structure and strengthening fund supervision, to improve efficiency. Areas affected by TECI need to be more responsive to policy, socio-economic and technological development. Conclusion - The research conclusion can provide reference for Chinese provinces to improve the efficiency of social security expenditure in the future. This study is not comprehensive enough in the selection of input-output indicators, which can be further expanded in the future.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.9-23
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• 2021

In Korea, various community investment renewable project models are being implemented to increase community acceptance of renewable energy. An important factor for enhancing local acceptance is that renewable energy projects have a positive effect on revitalizing the local economy such as income increase or job creation for residents and local companies. To maximize the local economic effect of large-scale community investment renewable energy projects, this study developed an evaluation index for local economy activation, whose indicators are the local return on investment, local companies' participation, local job creation, regional cooperation, transparency, and governance. Analysis of existing evaluation indicators and current renewable projects, financial analysis, and expert interviews were used in this research. The pilot evaluation determined that, the local economic effect was high in the following order: a fund investment wind project (Gangwon), benefit-sharing wind project (Jeju), and general wind project. In particular, residents' investment amount, the number of participating residents, and the amount and transparency of the regional cooperation fund were key factors to expand the effect of local economy activation. This evaluation index could be used in public bidding for renewable energy projects such as offshore wind zoning areas of local government.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.163-175
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• 2022

Purpose - This study introduces a methodology for finding the optimal tracking error of active stock funds. Tracking error is commonly used in risk budgeting techniques as a concept of cost for alpha creation. Design/methodology/approach - This study uses a post-optimal smart beta portfolio that maximizes alpha under the given tracking error constraint. Findings - As a result of the analysis, the smart beta strategy that maximized alpha under the constraint of 0.15% daily tracking error shows the highest IR. This means the maximum theoretically achievable efficiency. In this regard, a fixed-effect panel regression analysis is conducted to evaluate the active efficiency of domestic stock funds. In addition to control variables based on previous studies, the effect of tracking error on alpha is analyzed. The alpha used in this model is calculated using the smart beta portfolio according to the size of the constraint of the tracking error as a benchmark. Contrary to theoretical estimates, in Korea, the alpha performance is maximized under a daily tracking error of 0.1%. This indicates that the active efficiency of domestic equity funds is lower than the theoretical maximum. Research implications or Originality - Based on this study, it is expected that it can be used for active risk management of pension funds and performance evaluation of active strategies.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.17-27
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• 2024

Economic growth is influenced by various factors, including support from the banking world in channeling funds ownedthrough bank credit which will be a stimulus from economic activities as a source of economic growth. Purpose: Thisstudy aims to analyze the determinants of bank lending in supporting regional economic growth in South Sulawesi Province. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: This study uses secondary data taken from banking data and analyzed using path analysis Data analysis is carried out using the help of SPSS statistical analysis tools. Results: Non-Performance Loan, Three Partied Fund, Inflation, Exchange Rate directly affect economic growth. For the analysis of the indirect effect of Non-performance loans and Three Partied Funds have an indirect effect on economic growth through lending while the Loan to deposit Ratio, Inflation and exchange rate do not indirectly affect economic growththrough lending. Credit disbursement has a positive and significant effect on economic growth Conclusion: Economicgrowth of a region is influenced by many factors and these factors are influences from the banking world, the results ofthis study show that economic growth is strongly influenced by bank support through lending to support the economy by considering other factors such as interest rates and currency exchange rates

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.813-821
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• 2022

The Livestock Raw Material Purchase Fund is a policy to increase the export of livestock products by providing loans to exporters of livestock products (including byproducts). The policy started in 2015 and the annual budget is about 26 billion won. However, a quantitative evaluation of policy effects has not yet been made. Therefore, in this study, the economic surplus of the policy was analyzed using the equilibrium displacement model (EDM). From the results of the welfare analysis, from 2016 to 2019, producer surplus in the chicken and duck market increased by KRW 70.9 billion, while consumer surplus decreased by KRW 70 billion. In other words, the total economic surplus of the chicken and duck market increased by about one billion won during the same period due to the increase in export demand according to the policy. Therefore, the Livestock Raw Material Purchase Fund can be viewed as a policy to maintain and increase export demand for export livestock products and to improve the economic surplus of the livestock product market. Also, since the policy is based on loans, it does not place a burden on the government's finances. Therefore, this policy should continue in the future.