• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.66-69
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• 2005

Mechanical strength of functionally graded composite plates that composed of ceramic, functionally graded material and metal layers is investigated using 3-D finite element method. In FGM layer, material properties are assumed to be varied continuously in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fraction of a ceramic and metal. The 3-D finite element model is adopted by using an IS-node solid element to analyze more accurately the variation of material properties in the thickness direction. Numerical results are compared with those of the previous works. In addition, the displacements, the tensile stresses and the compressive stresses are analyzed for the variation of FGM thickness ratio and volume fraction distribution.Mechanical strength of functionally graded composite plates that composed of ceramic, functionally graded material and metal layers is investigated using 3-D finite element method. In FGM layer, material properties are assumed to be varied continuously in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fraction of a ceramic and metal. The 3-D finite element model is adopted by using an IS-node solid element to analyze more accurately the variation of material properties in the thickness direction. Numerical results are compared with those of the previous works. In addition, the displacements, the tensile stresses and the compressive stresses are analyzed for the variation of FGM thickness ratio and volume fraction distribution.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.341-358
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• 2011

This paper presents the effects of thermal environment and temperature-dependence of the material properties on axisymmetric bending of functionally graded (FG) circular and annular plates. The material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent and graded in the thickness direction. In order to accurately evaluate the effect of thermal environment, the initial thermal stresses are obtained by solving the thermoelastic equilibrium equations. Governing equations and the related boundary conditions, which include the effects of initial thermal stresses, are derived using the virtual work principle based on the elasticity theory. The differential quadrature method (DQM) as an efficient and robust numerical tool is used to obtain the initial thermal stresses and response of the plate. Comparison studies with some available results for FG plates are performed. The influences of temperature rise, temperature-dependence of material properties, material graded index and different geometrical parameters are carried out.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2024

In this study, the authors investigate the free vibration behavior of three-phases functionally graded sandwich plates using a novel nth-order shear deformation theory. These plates are composed of a homogeneous core and two face-sheet layers made of different functionally graded materials. This is the novel type of the sandwich structures that can be applied in many fields of mechanical engineering and industrial. The proposed theory only requires four unknown displacement functions, and the transverse displacement does not need to be separated into bending and shear parts, simplifying the theory. One noteworthy feature of the proposed theory is its ability to capture the parabolic distribution of transverse shear strains and stresses throughout the plate's thickness while ensuring zero values on the two free surfaces. By eliminating the need for shear correction factors, the theory further enhances computational efficiency. Equations of motion are established using Hamilton's principle and solved via Navier's solution. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed theory are verified by comparing results with available solutions. The authors then use the proposed theory to investigate the free vibration characteristics of three-phases functionally graded sandwich plates, considering the effects of parameters such as aspect ratio, side-to-thickness ratio, skin-core-skin thicknesses, and power-law indexes. Through careful analysis of the free vibration behavior of three-phases functionally graded sandwich plates, the work highlighted the significant roles played by individual material ingredients in influencing their frequencies.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.235-253
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• 2015

In this research, a simple but accurate sinusoidal plate theory for the thermomechanical bending analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates is presented. The main advantage of this approach is that, in addition to incorporating the thickness stretching effect, it deals with only 5 unknowns as the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT), instead of 6 as in the well-known conventional sinusoidal plate theory (SPT). The material properties of the sandwich plate faces are assumed to vary according to a power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The core layer is made of an isotropic ceramic material. Comparison studies are performed to check the validity of the present results from which it can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and efficient in predicting the thermomechanical behavior of functionally graded sandwich plates. The effect of side-to-thickness ratio, aspect ratio, the volume fraction exponent, and the loading conditions on the thermomechanical response of functionally graded sandwich plates is also investigated and discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.89 no.6
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• pp.601-615
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• 2024

Effect of ring and straight stiffeners in the buckling as well as vibration characteristics of metal-ceramic functionally graded plates with cutout subjected to various uniaxial and localized in-plane compressive edge loadings was explored in the present work. In the current work, the distinguishing characteristics of metal and ceramic are merged in a single volume, and power law was used for estimating the material composition throughout thickness. Buckling and free vibration characteristics were studied initially for unstiffened Al/SiC functionally graded plates with cutout. Subsequently, the influence of cutout ratio on buckling load as well as natural frequency for different power law indices was discussed. The functionally graded plate was stiffened by three different stiffener patterns, namely; ring stiffener, straight stiffener, as well as a combination of the ring and the straight stiffener, to enhance the buckling as well as vibration characteristics. The effect of stiffener depth ratio for different stiffener patterns was also presented for functionally graded plates having different cutout sizes under various loading conditions. Such studies on functionally graded material have potential applications in a variety of technological fields including the aerospace and defense sectors.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.85-106
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• 2015

Postbuckling of thick plates made of functionally graded material (FGM) subjected to in-plane compressive, thermal and thermomechanical loads is investigated in this work. It is assumed that the plate is in contact with a Pasternak-type elastic foundation during deformation. Thermomechanical non-homogeneous properties are considered to be temperature independent, and graded smoothly by the distribution of power law across the thickness in the thickness in terms of the volume fractions of constituents. By employing the higher order shear deformation plate theory together the non-linear von-Karman strain-displacement relations, the equilibrium and compatibility equations of imperfect FGM plates are derived. The Galerkin technique is used to determine the buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths for simply supported plates. Numerical examples are presented to show the influences of power law index, foundation stiffness and imperfection on the buckling and postbuckling loading capacity of the plates.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.837-859
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• 2016

An efficient shear deformation theory is developed for wave propagation analysis of an infinite functionally graded plate in the presence of thermal environments. By dividing the transverse displacement into bending and shear parts, the number of unknowns and governing equations of the present theory is reduced, and hence, makes it simple to use. The thermal effects and temperature-dependent material properties are both taken into account. The temperature field is assumed to be a uniform distribution over the plate surface and varied in the thickness direction only. Material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent, and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The governing equations of the wave propagation in the functionally graded plate are derived by employing the Hamilton's principle and the physical neutral surface concept. There is no stretching.bending coupling effect in the neutral surface-based formulation, and consequently, the governing equations and boundary conditions of functionally graded plates based on neutral surface have the simple forms as those of isotropic plates. The analytic dispersion relation of the functionally graded plate is obtained by solving an eigenvalue problem. The effects of the volume fraction distributions and temperature on wave propagation of functionally graded plate are discussed in detail. It can be concluded that the present theory is not only accurate but also simple in predicting the wave propagation characteristics in the functionally graded plate. The results carried out can be used in the ultrasonic inspection techniques and structural health monitoring.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.631-644
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• 2015

This article considers the problems of cylindrical bending of functionally graded plates in which material properties vary through the thickness. The variation of the material properties follows two power-law distributions in terms of the volume fractions of constituents. In addition, this paper considers orthotropic materials rather than isotropic materials. The traction-free condition on the top surface is replaced with the condition of uniform load applied on the top surface. Numerical results are presented to show the effect of the material distribution on the deflections and stresses. Results show that, all other parameters remaining the same, the studied quantities (stress, deflection) of P-FGM and E-FGM plates are always proportional to those of homogeneous isotropic plates. Therefore, one can predict the behaviour of P-FGM and E-FGM plates knowing that of similar homogeneous plates.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.397-422
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• 2016

In the present work, a simple first-order shear deformation theory is developed and validated for a variety of numerical examples of the thermal buckling response of functionally graded sandwich plates with various boundary conditions. Contrary to the conventional first-order shear deformation theory, the present first-order shear deformation theory involves only four unknowns and has strong similarities with the classical plate theory in many aspects such as governing equations of motion, and stress resultant expressions. Material properties and thermal expansion coefficient of the sandwich plate faces are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The core layer is still homogeneous and made of an isotropic material. The thermal loads are considered as uniform, linear and non-linear temperature rises within the thickness direction. The results reveal that the volume fraction index, loading type and functionally graded layers thickness have significant influence on the thermal buckling of functionally graded sandwich plates. Moreover, numerical results prove that the present simple first-order shear deformation theory can achieve the same accuracy of the existing conventional first-order shear deformation theory which has more number of unknowns.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.399-423
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• 2013

In the present study, the thermal buckling behavior of functionally graded sandwich plates is studied using a new hyperbolic displacement model. Unlike any other theory, the theory is variationally consistent and gives four governing equations. Number of unknown functions involved in displacement field is only four, as against five in case of other shear deformation theories. This present model takes into account the parabolic distribution of transverse shear stresses and satisfies the condition of zero shear stresses on the top and bottom surfaces without using shear correction factor. Material properties and thermal expansion coefficient of the sandwich plate faces are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The core layer is still homogeneous and made of an isotropic material. The thermal loads are assumed as uniform, linear and non-linear temperature rises across the thickness direction. The results reveal that the volume fraction index, loading type and functionally graded layers thickness have significant influence on the thermal buckling of functionally graded sandwich plates.