• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.483-489
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• 2017

The loss of the sulfur cathode material through dissolution of the polysulfide into electrolyte causes a significant capacity reduction of the lithium-sulfur cell during the charge-discharge reaction, thereby debilitating the electrochemical performance of the cell. We addressed this problem by using a chemical and physical approach called reduction of polysulfide dissolution through direct coating functional inorganic (graphene oxide) or organic layer (polyethylene oxide) on electrode, since the deposition of external functional layer can chemically interact with polysulfide and physically prevent the leakage of lithium polysulfide out of the electrode. Through this approach, we obtained a composite electrode for a lithium-sulfur battery (sulfur: 60%) coated with uniform and thin external functional layers where the thin external layer was coated on the electrode by solution coating and drying by a subsequent heat treatment at low temperature (${\sim}80^{\circ}C$). The external functional layer, such as inorganic or organic layer, not only alleviates the dissolution of the polysulfide electrolyte during the charging/discharging through physical layer formation, but also makes a chemical interaction between the polysulfide and the functional layer. As-formed lithium-sulfur battery exhibits stable cycling electrochemical performance during charging and discharging at a reversible capacity of 700~1187 mAh/g at 0.1 C (1 C = 1675 mA/g) for 30 cycles or more.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to compare receptive language performance and expressive language performance in 13 patients with aphasia by using three stimulus presentation modes: Stimulus mode I (picture), Stimulus mode II (written word), Stimulus m (question using verbal explanation). The stimulus consisted of 10 words. They included 5 functional words and 5 non-functional words. The 13 subjects with aphasia were divided into 2 aphasic types: 5 Broca's aphasics and 8 anomie aphasics. The results were as follows: Firstly, the three stimulus modes didn't affect receptive language performance of aphasia subjects. Secondly; the three stimulus modes were effective on expressive language performance of aphasia subjects. Particularly, stimulus mode II (written words) was effective in naming the aphasia subjects. Thirdly, the functional words with high frequency were better than non-functional words with low frequency on expressive language performance, but not on receptive language performance of aphasia subjects. Finally, the interaction between three stimulus modes and the functional (nonfunctional) words affected expressive language performance only, but not receptive language performance. Particularly, presenting stimulus in written words which are functional words produced the best expressive language performance.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 2012

In this study, we tried to find the moderating effect as an interaction between brand concept variables and thinking style variables as well as the main effect of each. To this end, the inner wear bradns, CalvinKlein(symbolic concepts) and bodyguard(functional concept), as two parent brands and wallets as an extension product were selected. The results of this study were as follows: (i) Extension evaluation as well as fit judgement based on brand concepts was higher in symbolic brand than functional brand. (ii) The holistic thinkers were higher in fit judgement and expansion evaluation than the analytic ones. (iii) In case of symbolic brand, there was little differences in fit judgement and expansion evaluation between holistic thinkers and analytic thinkers. But In functional brand, there was some differences relatively. So, we found the interaction effect between variables in fit judgement and expansion evaluation. We can expect this research result to be helpful in working out diverse and practical marketing strategies using existing brand concepts in the global market environments.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.33-39
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• 2012

The functional evaluation of constructed permeable pavements was conducted in terms of water permeable performance and noise reduction measurements in Seoul city. The field measurements of noise was based on two methods such as pass-by and novel close proximity(NCPX). The pass-by test and NCPX method are related to noise propagation and tire/pavement interaction noise measurement, respectively. For the water permeable tests, five sections were chosen; furthermore, the measurements were conducted for both of wheel path and non-wheel path area. For the pass-by measurement, three sections were chosen; furthermore, two different locations, which were near measurement point to traffic noise and far measurement point inside park or hosing complex, were selected for each section. Finally, tire/pavement interaction noise measurements were carried out at four locations. The results show that the functional performance of water permeability and noise reduction was well remained within 2 or 3 years after permeable pavement construction.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of various levels of mungbean flour (MF) (0-2.4%) on the quality characteristics of pork model sausages (PMS) in experiment 1 and also select the optimum level of MF to enhance the water retention and gelling properties of low-salt PMS (LSPMS) with or without microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) in experiment 2. In experiment 1, the addition of MF did not affect pH, chemical compositions (fat and moisture contents), color values, and functional properties (expressible moisture, EM (%) and cooking yield, CY (%)) of PMS. However, the addition of MF increased the chewiness of PMS and hardness if the mungbean flour at the level of more than 1.2% was incorporated. Since the interaction between the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) treatment and MF level was not significant (p>0.05), data were pooled by different factors (MTGase treatment and MF level) in experiment 2. MF improved the water binding ability and textural springiness of LSPMS. On the other hand, MTGase treatment decreased the pH and cooking yield (%) of LSPMS, but increased most textural properties. In conclusion, the addition of MF could enhance the water retention and textural properties of PMS and LSPMS, regardless of MTGase, when it was added to over 1.2%. Based on these results, mungbean protein may interact with MTGase on the low-salt comminuted meat systems. Therefore, further study might be needed to understand the mechanisms of interaction between MTGase and functional components induced from MF.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2002

We have evaluated the specific hydroxyl group-solvent and carbonyl group-solvent interactions by using an Alltima C18 stationary phase and by measuring the retention data of carefully selected solutes in 60/40, 70/30, and 80/20(v/v%) acetonitrile/water eluents at 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 oC. The selected solutes are phenol, acetophenone, alkylbenznes(benzene to hexylbenznene), 4 positional isomers of phenylbutanol, 5-phenyl-1-pentanol, 3 positional isomers of alkylarylketone derived from butylbenzene, and 1-phenyl-2-hexanone. The magnitudes of hydroxyl group-acetonitrile/water specific interaction enthalpies are larger than those of carbonyl group-acetonitrile/water specific interaction enthalpies in general while the magnitudes of carbonyl group-methanol/water specific interaction enthalpies are larger than those of hydroxyl group-methanol/water specific interactions. We observed clear discrepancies in functional group-solvent specific interaction among positional isomers. The variation trends of solute transfer enthalpies and entropies with mobile phase composition in the acetonitrile/water system are much different from those in the methanol/water system. The well-known pocket formation of acetonitrile in aqueous acetonitrile mixtures has proven to be useful to explain such phenomena.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.53-72
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• 2004

Today we are observing a lot of injuries, casualties, and property losses that are mainly caused by the defects of products. In order to derive safety designs, which minimize the possibility of such product liability-related accidents, we need to take into account the user-product interaction as an important part of the danger factor analysis. Existing risk analysis techniques, however, have some limitations in detecting comprehensive danger factors that are peculiarly involved in human errors and the functional defects of products. Researches on danger factor analysis regarding the user-product interaction have been carried out actively in ergonomics. In this paper, we suggest a novel product risk analysis technique, which is more objective and systematic compared to the previous ones, by combining a modified TAFEI (Task Analysis For Error Identification) technique with SASA (Systematic Approach to Accident Scenario Analysis) technique. By applying this technique to the product design practice in industry, corporations will be able to improve the product safety, consequently strengthening the competitiveness.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.89.1-89.1
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• 2003

The signaling pathway of dopamine D$_2$ receptor was studied using yeast two-hybrid system. The 3rd cytoplasmic loop of rat D$_2$ receptor was fond to interact with ALY. The interaction in the yeast was observed only with the 3rd cytoplasmic loop of D$_2$ receptor but not with that of D$_3$ or D$_4$ dopamine receptor. The interaction between two proteins was also confirmed by GST pull-down assay. Co-expression of D$_2$ receptor and ALY enhanced the expression of Lef-1 promoter in C6 cells and the promoter of D$_2$ dopamine receptor itself.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.270.1-270.1
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• 2002

The signaling pathway of D2 dopamine receptor was studied using yeaslt two-hybrid system.. The 3rd cytoplasmic loop of rat D2 dopamine receptor was used to screen the cDNA library of mouse brain. and ALY was found to interact with it. The interaction in the yeast was observed only with the 3rd cytoplasmic loop of D2 dopamine receptor but not with that of D3 or D4 dopamine receptor. The interaction between two proteins was also confirmed by GST pull-down assay. (omitted)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1861-1864
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• 2005